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All 14Michigan votes to theElectoral College | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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 County Results Roosevelt 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% 80–90% 90–100%
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The1904 United States presidential election in Michigan took place on November 8, 1904, as part of the1904 United States presidential election. Voters chose 14[1] representatives, or electors, to theElectoral College, who voted forpresident andvice president.
Following thePanic of 1893 and thePopulist movement,Michigan would turn from a competitive Republican-leaning state into a rigidly one-party polity dominated by the Republican Party.[2] The dominance of the culture ofthe Lower Peninsula by anti-slaveryYankees[3] would be augmented by the turn of formerly Democratic-leaning German Catholics away from that party as a result of the remodelled party's agrarian andfree silver sympathies, which became rigidly opposed by both the upper class and workers who followed them.[4] The state Democratic Party was further crippled financially by the fact thatthe Populist movement had severed its ties with business and commerce in Michigan as in other Northern states.[5] A brief turn of the strongly evangelicalCabinet Counties toward the Populist movement in the1896 United States presidential election would reverse itself following the return to prosperity under PresidentWilliam McKinley, so that these joined in Republican hegemony until theGreat Depression.
In the 1894 elections, the Democratic Party lost all but one seat in the Michigan legislature,[6] and the party would only make minor gains there for the next third of a century. Unlike the other states of theUpper Midwest, the Yankee influence on the culture of the Lower Peninsula was so strong that left-wing third parties did not provide significant opposition to the Republicans, nor was there more than a moderate degree of coordinated factionalism within the hegemonicMichigan Republican Party.[7]
Although Michigan's few Democrats had cast their vote for the eventual nomineeAlton B. Parker, they ultimately did nothing to campaign for him during his fall campaign, as polls consistently showed that Michigan would vote overwhelmingly Republican.[8] Incumbent Republican Theodore Roosevelt did briefly visit the state during his campaign, but did no extensive work because the state was believed so safe.[9] Predictions of a Roosevelt margin of 200,000 were conservative as in the end he defeated Parker by over 227,000 votes.
Roosevelt became the first presidential candidate to win all 83 of Michigan's counties, and furthermore carried them all by double digits; his lowest vote share in any county was 56.95 percent in Monroe County. Parker broke forty percent only inMonroe County and thirty percent in just fourteen counties. In most of the sparsely populatedUpper Peninsula, Roosevelt carried over eighty percent of the vote, and in two counties even exceeded ninety percent.
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | Theodore Roosevelt (inc.) | 364,957 | 69.51% | |
| Democratic | Alton B. Parker | 135,392 | 25.79% | |
| Prohibition | Silas C. Swallow | 13,441 | 2.56% | |
| Socialist | Eugene V. Debs | 9,042 | 1.72% | |
| People's | Thomas E. Watson | 1,159 | 0.22% | |
| Socialist Labor | Charles Hunter Corregan | 1,036 | 0.20% | |
| Total votes | 525,027 | 100% | ||
| County | Theodore Roosevelt[11] Republican | Alton Brooks Parker[11] Democratic | Silas Comfort Swallow[12] Prohibition | Eugene Victor Debs[12] Socialist | Thomas Watson[12] People's | Charles Corregan[12] Socialist Labor | Margin | Total votes cast | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | ||
| Alcona | 901 | 87.31% | 92 | 8.91% | 20 | 1.94% | 19 | 1.84% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 809 | 78.39% | 1,032 |
| Alger | 1,081 | 81.40% | 204 | 15.36% | 10 | 0.75% | 27 | 2.03% | 4 | 0.30% | 2 | 0.15% | 877 | 66.04% | 1,328 |
| Allegan | 5,589 | 73.98% | 1,576 | 20.86% | 278 | 3.68% | 76 | 1.01% | 31 | 0.41% | 5 | 0.07% | 4,013 | 53.12% | 7,555 |
| Alpena | 2,498 | 69.37% | 907 | 25.19% | 30 | 0.83% | 144 | 4.00% | 7 | 0.19% | 15 | 0.42% | 1,591 | 44.18% | 3,601 |
| Antrim | 2,608 | 82.90% | 436 | 13.86% | 85 | 2.70% | 12 | 0.38% | 5 | 0.16% | 0 | 0.00% | 2,172 | 69.04% | 3,146 |
| Arenac | 1,372 | 68.77% | 458 | 22.96% | 90 | 4.51% | 67 | 3.36% | 6 | 0.30% | 2 | 0.10% | 914 | 45.81% | 1,995 |
| Baraga | 564 | 73.34% | 185 | 24.06% | 11 | 1.43% | 4 | 0.52% | 2 | 0.26% | 3 | 0.39% | 379 | 49.28% | 769 |
| Barry | 3,675 | 63.08% | 1,817 | 31.19% | 277 | 4.75% | 41 | 0.70% | 9 | 0.15% | 7 | 0.12% | 1,858 | 31.89% | 5,826 |
| Bay | 7,609 | 68.25% | 3,142 | 28.18% | 245 | 2.20% | 76 | 0.68% | 23 | 0.21% | 53 | 0.48% | 4,467 | 40.07% | 11,148 |
| Benzie | 1,582 | 74.06% | 295 | 13.81% | 215 | 10.07% | 35 | 1.64% | 5 | 0.23% | 4 | 0.19% | 1,287 | 60.25% | 2,136 |
| Berrien | 7,309 | 62.99% | 3,819 | 32.91% | 206 | 1.78% | 218 | 1.88% | 31 | 0.27% | 21 | 0.18% | 3,490 | 30.08% | 11,604 |
| Branch | 4,385 | 69.72% | 1,598 | 25.41% | 177 | 2.81% | 58 | 0.92% | 59 | 0.94% | 12 | 0.19% | 2,787 | 44.32% | 6,289 |
| Calhoun | 7,506 | 64.49% | 3,102 | 26.65% | 304 | 2.61% | 637 | 5.47% | 35 | 0.30% | 55 | 0.47% | 4,404 | 37.84% | 11,639 |
| Cass | 3,150 | 57.61% | 1,937 | 35.42% | 213 | 3.90% | 138 | 2.52% | 24 | 0.44% | 6 | 0.11% | 1,213 | 22.18% | 5,468 |
| Charlevoix | 2,772 | 81.39% | 469 | 13.77% | 96 | 2.82% | 58 | 1.70% | 6 | 0.18% | 5 | 0.15% | 2,303 | 67.62% | 3,406 |
| Cheboygan | 2,572 | 70.10% | 979 | 26.68% | 48 | 1.31% | 50 | 1.36% | 9 | 0.25% | 11 | 0.30% | 1,593 | 43.42% | 3,669 |
| Chippewa | 2,920 | 77.78% | 662 | 17.63% | 130 | 3.46% | 35 | 0.93% | 6 | 0.16% | 1 | 0.03% | 2,258 | 60.15% | 3,754 |
| Clare | 1,453 | 70.91% | 519 | 25.33% | 45 | 2.20% | 27 | 1.32% | 4 | 0.20% | 1 | 0.05% | 934 | 45.58% | 2,049 |
| Clinton | 4,095 | 64.60% | 2,068 | 32.62% | 127 | 2.00% | 32 | 0.50% | 12 | 0.19% | 5 | 0.08% | 2,027 | 31.98% | 6,339 |
| Crawford | 587 | 73.56% | 190 | 23.81% | 10 | 1.25% | 8 | 1.00% | 3 | 0.38% | 0 | 0.00% | 397 | 49.75% | 798 |
| Delta | 3,332 | 79.88% | 658 | 15.78% | 48 | 1.15% | 101 | 2.42% | 10 | 0.24% | 22 | 0.53% | 2,674 | 64.11% | 4,171 |
| Dickinson | 2,984 | 87.84% | 283 | 8.33% | 67 | 1.97% | 45 | 1.32% | 9 | 0.26% | 9 | 0.26% | 2,701 | 79.51% | 3,397 |
| Eaton | 5,553 | 69.39% | 2,141 | 26.75% | 205 | 2.56% | 62 | 0.77% | 32 | 0.40% | 10 | 0.12% | 3,412 | 42.63% | 8,003 |
| Emmet | 2,710 | 69.15% | 941 | 24.01% | 243 | 6.20% | 10 | 0.26% | 13 | 0.33% | 2 | 0.05% | 1,769 | 45.14% | 3,919 |
| Genesee | 6,594 | 68.65% | 2,281 | 23.75% | 392 | 4.08% | 300 | 3.12% | 14 | 0.15% | 24 | 0.25% | 4,313 | 44.90% | 9,605 |
| Gladwin | 1,093 | 79.49% | 231 | 16.80% | 34 | 2.47% | 14 | 1.02% | 1 | 0.07% | 2 | 0.15% | 862 | 62.69% | 1,375 |
| Gogebic | 2,111 | 77.98% | 414 | 15.29% | 115 | 4.25% | 43 | 1.59% | 6 | 0.22% | 18 | 0.66% | 1,697 | 62.69% | 2,707 |
| Grand Traverse | 3,383 | 81.40% | 594 | 14.29% | 135 | 3.25% | 16 | 0.38% | 21 | 0.51% | 7 | 0.17% | 2,789 | 67.11% | 4,156 |
| Gratiot | 4,530 | 67.59% | 1,863 | 27.80% | 237 | 3.54% | 45 | 0.67% | 24 | 0.36% | 3 | 0.04% | 2,667 | 39.79% | 6,702 |
| Hillsdale | 4,951 | 70.45% | 1,659 | 23.61% | 331 | 4.71% | 46 | 0.65% | 35 | 0.50% | 6 | 0.09% | 3,292 | 46.84% | 7,028 |
| Houghton | 8,857 | 78.43% | 1,471 | 13.03% | 383 | 3.39% | 528 | 4.68% | 12 | 0.11% | 42 | 0.37% | 7,386 | 65.40% | 11,293 |
| Huron | 4,191 | 71.09% | 1,486 | 25.21% | 170 | 2.88% | 38 | 0.64% | 8 | 0.14% | 2 | 0.03% | 2,705 | 45.89% | 5,895 |
| Ingham | 6,817 | 60.55% | 3,871 | 34.38% | 381 | 3.38% | 146 | 1.30% | 27 | 0.24% | 17 | 0.15% | 2,946 | 26.17% | 11,259 |
| Ionia | 5,440 | 63.81% | 2,729 | 32.01% | 247 | 2.90% | 87 | 1.02% | 16 | 0.19% | 6 | 0.07% | 2,711 | 31.80% | 8,525 |
| Iosco | 1,482 | 75.30% | 426 | 21.65% | 34 | 1.73% | 25 | 1.27% | 1 | 0.05% | 0 | 0.00% | 1,056 | 53.66% | 1,968 |
| Iron | 1,620 | 90.50% | 139 | 7.77% | 20 | 1.12% | 3 | 0.17% | 6 | 0.34% | 2 | 0.11% | 1,481 | 82.74% | 1,790 |
| Isabella | 3,547 | 70.97% | 1,321 | 26.43% | 92 | 1.84% | 19 | 0.38% | 18 | 0.36% | 1 | 0.02% | 2,226 | 44.54% | 4,998 |
| Jackson | 7,778 | 62.89% | 4,131 | 33.40% | 251 | 2.03% | 110 | 0.89% | 25 | 0.20% | 72 | 0.58% | 3,647 | 29.49% | 12,367 |
| Kalamazoo | 7,163 | 62.34% | 3,264 | 28.40% | 495 | 4.31% | 479 | 4.17% | 26 | 0.23% | 64 | 0.56% | 3,899 | 33.93% | 11,491 |
| Kalkaska | 1,354 | 83.89% | 184 | 11.40% | 69 | 4.28% | 3 | 0.19% | 4 | 0.25% | 0 | 0.00% | 1,170 | 72.49% | 1,614 |
| Kent | 20,254 | 71.63% | 6,430 | 22.74% | 671 | 2.37% | 825 | 2.92% | 52 | 0.18% | 45 | 0.16% | 13,824 | 48.89% | 28,277 |
| Keweenaw | 659 | 94.55% | 29 | 4.16% | 4 | 0.57% | 2 | 0.29% | 0 | 0.00% | 3 | 0.43% | 630 | 90.39% | 697 |
| Lake | 907 | 79.42% | 211 | 18.48% | 9 | 0.79% | 13 | 1.14% | 2 | 0.18% | 0 | 0.00% | 696 | 60.95% | 1,142 |
| Lapeer | 3,917 | 68.96% | 1,519 | 26.74% | 172 | 3.03% | 57 | 1.00% | 13 | 0.23% | 2 | 0.04% | 2,398 | 42.22% | 5,680 |
| Leelanau | 1,464 | 75.27% | 416 | 21.39% | 58 | 2.98% | 3 | 0.15% | 2 | 0.10% | 2 | 0.10% | 1,048 | 53.88% | 1,945 |
| Lenawee | 7,891 | 67.40% | 3,334 | 28.48% | 379 | 3.24% | 44 | 0.38% | 48 | 0.41% | 11 | 0.09% | 4,557 | 38.93% | 11,707 |
| Livingston | 3,288 | 60.32% | 1,988 | 36.47% | 154 | 2.83% | 9 | 0.17% | 9 | 0.17% | 3 | 0.06% | 1,300 | 23.85% | 5,451 |
| Luce | 364 | 80.89% | 63 | 14.00% | 16 | 3.56% | 3 | 0.67% | 1 | 0.22% | 3 | 0.67% | 301 | 66.89% | 450 |
| Mackinac | 1,191 | 69.16% | 503 | 29.21% | 20 | 1.16% | 4 | 0.23% | 3 | 0.17% | 1 | 0.06% | 688 | 39.95% | 1,722 |
| Macomb | 4,818 | 60.18% | 2,989 | 37.33% | 150 | 1.87% | 30 | 0.37% | 14 | 0.17% | 5 | 0.06% | 1,829 | 22.85% | 8,006 |
| Manistee | 3,155 | 67.43% | 1,235 | 26.39% | 108 | 2.31% | 155 | 3.31% | 6 | 0.13% | 20 | 0.43% | 1,920 | 41.03% | 4,679 |
| Marquette | 5,654 | 82.94% | 785 | 11.52% | 218 | 3.20% | 120 | 1.76% | 21 | 0.31% | 19 | 0.28% | 4,869 | 71.42% | 6,817 |
| Mason | 2,394 | 72.13% | 764 | 23.02% | 121 | 3.65% | 33 | 0.99% | 5 | 0.15% | 2 | 0.06% | 1,630 | 49.11% | 3,319 |
| Mecosta | 3,313 | 75.90% | 898 | 20.57% | 126 | 2.89% | 25 | 0.57% | 2 | 0.05% | 1 | 0.02% | 2,415 | 55.33% | 4,365 |
| Menominee | 3,246 | 72.98% | 989 | 22.23% | 92 | 2.07% | 102 | 2.29% | 8 | 0.18% | 11 | 0.25% | 2,257 | 50.74% | 4,448 |
| Midland | 2,107 | 70.63% | 766 | 25.68% | 73 | 2.45% | 30 | 1.01% | 6 | 0.20% | 1 | 0.03% | 1,341 | 44.95% | 2,983 |
| Missaukee | 1,781 | 80.77% | 345 | 15.65% | 50 | 2.27% | 19 | 0.86% | 10 | 0.45% | 0 | 0.00% | 1,436 | 65.12% | 2,205 |
| Monroe | 4,407 | 56.95% | 3,127 | 40.41% | 172 | 2.22% | 16 | 0.21% | 14 | 0.18% | 3 | 0.04% | 1,280 | 16.54% | 7,739 |
| Montcalm | 5,314 | 76.73% | 1,372 | 19.81% | 161 | 2.32% | 57 | 0.82% | 9 | 0.13% | 13 | 0.19% | 3,942 | 56.92% | 6,926 |
| Montmorency | 654 | 80.54% | 146 | 17.98% | 10 | 1.23% | 0 | 0.00% | 1 | 0.12% | 1 | 0.12% | 508 | 62.56% | 812 |
| Muskegon | 5,453 | 76.46% | 1,181 | 16.56% | 103 | 1.44% | 376 | 5.27% | 5 | 0.07% | 14 | 0.20% | 4,272 | 59.90% | 7,132 |
| Newaygo | 2,966 | 75.86% | 790 | 20.20% | 132 | 3.38% | 15 | 0.38% | 4 | 0.10% | 3 | 0.08% | 2,176 | 55.65% | 3,910 |
| Oakland | 6,986 | 61.88% | 3,956 | 35.04% | 262 | 2.32% | 60 | 0.53% | 19 | 0.17% | 6 | 0.05% | 3,030 | 26.84% | 11,289 |
| Oceana | 2,653 | 75.65% | 591 | 16.85% | 203 | 5.79% | 46 | 1.31% | 12 | 0.34% | 2 | 0.06% | 2,062 | 58.80% | 3,507 |
| Ogemaw | 1,320 | 75.47% | 329 | 18.81% | 82 | 4.69% | 9 | 0.51% | 8 | 0.46% | 1 | 0.06% | 991 | 56.66% | 1,749 |
| Ontonagon | 1,345 | 77.08% | 355 | 20.34% | 17 | 0.97% | 22 | 1.26% | 2 | 0.11% | 4 | 0.23% | 990 | 56.73% | 1,745 |
| Osceola | 2,936 | 80.24% | 562 | 15.36% | 135 | 3.69% | 14 | 0.38% | 7 | 0.19% | 5 | 0.14% | 2,374 | 64.88% | 3,659 |
| Oscoda | 323 | 86.13% | 44 | 11.73% | 7 | 1.87% | 1 | 0.27% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 279 | 74.40% | 375 |
| Otsego | 1,239 | 78.82% | 266 | 16.92% | 45 | 2.86% | 14 | 0.89% | 4 | 0.25% | 4 | 0.25% | 973 | 61.90% | 1,572 |
| Ottawa | 5,908 | 75.33% | 1,553 | 19.80% | 176 | 2.24% | 167 | 2.13% | 19 | 0.24% | 20 | 0.26% | 4,355 | 55.53% | 7,843 |
| Presque Isle | 1,861 | 82.93% | 363 | 16.18% | 13 | 0.58% | 5 | 0.22% | 1 | 0.04% | 1 | 0.04% | 1,498 | 66.76% | 2,244 |
| Roscommon | 373 | 71.46% | 116 | 22.22% | 12 | 2.30% | 20 | 3.83% | 0 | 0.00% | 1 | 0.19% | 257 | 49.23% | 522 |
| Saginaw | 10,146 | 60.66% | 5,330 | 31.86% | 202 | 1.21% | 957 | 5.72% | 21 | 0.13% | 71 | 0.42% | 4,816 | 28.79% | 16,727 |
| Sanilac | 4,671 | 74.37% | 1,217 | 19.38% | 339 | 5.40% | 24 | 0.38% | 25 | 0.40% | 5 | 0.08% | 3,454 | 54.99% | 6,281 |
| Schoolcraft | 1,472 | 83.49% | 225 | 12.76% | 41 | 2.33% | 20 | 1.13% | 3 | 0.17% | 2 | 0.11% | 1,247 | 70.73% | 1,763 |
| Shiawassee | 5,553 | 66.19% | 2,241 | 26.71% | 465 | 5.54% | 101 | 1.20% | 15 | 0.18% | 15 | 0.18% | 3,312 | 39.48% | 8,390 |
| St. Clair | 8,305 | 69.01% | 3,248 | 26.99% | 241 | 2.00% | 210 | 1.74% | 14 | 0.12% | 17 | 0.14% | 5,057 | 42.02% | 12,035 |
| St. Joseph | 3,649 | 59.80% | 2,176 | 35.66% | 122 | 2.00% | 109 | 1.79% | 37 | 0.61% | 9 | 0.15% | 1,473 | 24.14% | 6,102 |
| Tuscola | 4,992 | 72.15% | 1,518 | 21.94% | 349 | 5.04% | 42 | 0.61% | 14 | 0.20% | 4 | 0.06% | 3,474 | 50.21% | 6,919 |
| Van Buren | 5,254 | 72.67% | 1,634 | 22.60% | 217 | 3.00% | 71 | 0.98% | 45 | 0.62% | 9 | 0.12% | 3,620 | 50.07% | 7,230 |
| Washtenaw | 6,566 | 62.04% | 3,779 | 35.71% | 173 | 1.63% | 35 | 0.33% | 11 | 0.10% | 19 | 0.18% | 2,787 | 26.33% | 10,583 |
| Wayne | 48,393 | 69.38% | 19,548 | 28.03% | 426 | 0.61% | 1,183 | 1.70% | 59 | 0.08% | 141 | 0.20% | 28,845 | 41.35% | 69,750 |
| Wexford | 3,003 | 76.37% | 690 | 17.55% | 220 | 5.60% | 12 | 0.31% | 5 | 0.13% | 2 | 0.05% | 2,313 | 58.83% | 3,932 |
| Totals[a] | 361,863 | 69.53% | 134,163 | 25.78% | 13,312 | 2.56% | 8,942 | 1.72% | 1,145 | 0.22% | 1,018 | 0.20% | 227,700 | 43.75% | 520,443 |
State and district results of the1904 United States presidential election | ||
|---|---|---|
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