The 1903 college football season had no clear-cut champion, with the Official NCAA Division I Football Records Book listingMichigan andPrinceton as having been selectednational champions.[1]
The season took place during an era when college football was rapidly growing in popularity, with new concrete stadiums and large crowds, but also widespread concern over injuries and the violent style of play.[2]
By 1903, college football had evolved from its late nineteenth-century rugby roots into a distinctgridiron game. Rule changes led byWalter Camp in the 1880s had reduced teams to eleven players per side, created the line of scrimmage, and introduced a system of downs that required the offense to gain yardage to retain possession.[2]
Scoring values were also different from the modern game. A touchdown was worth five points, as was a field goal, while the safety was worth two points.[2] The early 1900s saw rapid growth in the sport’s popularity, with around 250 colleges fielding teams and new, larger stadiums being built. In 1903, for example, Harvard opened a concrete football stadium with a capacity of roughly 42,000 spectators, reflecting the sport’s status as a major collegiate attraction.[2]
The 1903 college football season had no clear-cut national champion. The Official NCAA Division I Football Records Book lists both Michigan and Princeton as national champions for the season, based on selections by various contemporary and retrospective selectors.[3]
The season took place during a period when college football was drawing large crowds but also facing increasing criticism over the violence of play. Historians note that rules changes from the 1890s had only briefly reduced injuries and fatalities, and concern over brutality in the early 1900s would soon help lead to sweeping reforms and the creation of what became theNCAA.[2]
