1903 World Series
An overflow crowd at theHuntington Avenue Grounds in Boston prior to Game 3
Team (Wins) Manager(s) Season Boston Americans (5) Jimmy Collins (player/manager) 91–47, .659, GA:14+1⁄2 Pittsburgh Pirates (3) Fred Clarke (player/manager) 91–49, .650, GA:6+1⁄2
Dates	October 1–13
Venue(s)	Huntington Avenue Grounds (Boston) Exposition Park (Pittsburgh)
Umpires	Hank O'Day (NL) Tom Connolly (AL)
Hall of Famers	Umpires: Tom Connolly Hank O'Day Americans: Jimmy Collins Cy Young Pirates: Fred Clarke Honus Wagner
← 1900 Chronicle-Telegraph Cup[note 1] World Series 1904 →

The1903 World Series was the first modernWorld Series to be played inMajor League Baseball. It matched theAmerican League (AL) championBoston Americans against theNational League (NL) championPittsburgh Pirates^{[note 2]} in a best-of-nine series, with Boston prevailing five games to three, winning the last four. The first three games were played in Boston, the next four inAllegheny (home of the Pirates), and the eighth (last) game in Boston.

Pittsburgh pitcherSam Leever injured his shoulder whiletrap shooting, so his teammateDeacon Phillippe pitched five complete games. Phillippe won three of his games, but it was not enough to overcome the club from the new American League. Boston pitchersBill Dinneen andCy Young led Boston to victory. In Game 1, Phillippe struck out ten Boston batters. The next day, Dinneen bettered that mark, striking out 11 Pittsburgh batters in Game 2.

Honus Wagner, bothered by injuries, batted only 6-for-27 (.222) in the Series and committed six errors. The shortstop was deeply distraught by his performance. The following spring, Wagner (who in 1903 led the National League in batting average) refused to send his portrait to a "Hall of Fame" for batting champions. "I was too bum last year", he wrote. "I was a joke in that Boston-Pittsburgh Series. What does it profit a man to hammer along and make a few hits when they are not needed only to fall down when it comes to a pinch? I would be ashamed to have my picture up now."^[1]: 138

Due to overflow crowds at theExposition Park games inAllegheny City,^{[note 3]} if a batted ball rolled under a rope in the outfield that held spectators back, a "ground-rule triple" would be scored. 17 ground-rule triples were hit in the four games played at the stadium.^[2]

In the series, Boston came back from a three games to one deficit, winning the final four games to capture the title. Such a large comeback would not happen again until the Pirates came back to defeat theWashington Senators in the1925 World Series, and has happened only 11 times in baseball history. (The Pirates themselves repeated this feat in1979 against theBaltimore Orioles.) Much was made of the influence of Boston's "Royal Rooters", who traveled to Exposition Park and sang their theme song "Tessie" to distract the opposing players (especially Wagner). Boston wound up winning three out of four games in Allegheny City.

Pirates ownerBarney Dreyfuss added his share of the gate receipts to the players' share, so the losing team's players actually finished with a larger individual share than the winning team's.

The Series brought the new American League prestige and proved its best could beat the best of the National League, thus strengthening the demand for future World Series competitions.

In 1901,Ban Johnson, president of theWestern League, a minor league organization, formed theAmerican League to take advantage of the National League's 1900 contraction from twelve teams to eight. Johnson and fellow owners raided the National League and signed away many star players, includingCy Young andJimmy Collins. Johnson had a list of 46 National Leaguers he targeted for the American League; by 1902, all but one had made the jump.^[1]: 99 The constant raiding, however, nixed the idea of a championship between the two leagues. Pirates ownerBarney Dreyfuss, whose team ran away with the 1902 National League pennant, was open to a postseason contest and even said he would allow the American League champion to stock its roster with all-stars.^[1]: 105 However, Johnson had spoken of putting a team inPittsburgh and even attempted to raid the Pirates' roster in August 1902, which soured Dreyfuss. At the end of the season, however, the Pirates played a group of American League All-Stars in a four-game exhibition series, winning two games to one, with one tie.^[1]: 102

The leagues finally called a truce in the winter of 1902–03 and formed theNational Commission to preside over organized baseball. The following season, the Boston Americans and Pittsburgh Pirates had secured their respective championship pennants by September. That August, Dreyfuss challenged the American League to an 11-game championship series. Encouraged by Johnson and National League PresidentHarry Pulliam, Americans owner Henry J. Killilea met with Dreyfuss in Pittsburgh in September and instead agreed to a best-of-nine championship, with the first three games played in Boston, the next four in Allegheny City, and the remaining two (if necessary) in Boston.^[1]: 122

One significant point about this agreement was that it was an arrangement primarily between the two clubs rather than a formal arrangement between the leagues. In short, it was a voluntary event, a fact which would result in no Series at all for1904. The formal establishment of the Series as a compulsory event started in1905.^[3]

Americans

Pirates

1903 World Series Teams

The Pirates won their third straight pennant in 1903 thanks to a powerful lineup that included legendary shortstopHonus Wagner, who hit .355 and drove in 101 runs, player-managerFred Clarke, who hit .351, andGinger Beaumont, who hit .341 and led the league in hits and runs. The Pirates' pitching was weaker than it had been in previous years but boasted 24-game winnerDeacon Phillippe and 25-game winnerSam Leever.^{[1]: 119, 123}

The Americans had a strong pitching staff, led byCy Young, who went 28–9 in 1903 and became the all-time wins leader that year.Bill Dinneen andLong Tom Hughes, right-handers like Young, had won 21 games and 20 games each. The Boston outfield, featuringChick Stahl (.274),Buck Freeman (.287, 104RBI) andPatsy Dougherty (.331, 101runs scored) was considered excellent.^[1]: 124

Although the Pirates had dominated their league for the previous three years, they went into the series riddled with injuries and plagued by bizarre misfortunes.Otto Krueger, the team's onlyutility player, wasbeaned on September 19 and never fully played in the series. 16-game winnerEd Doheny left the team three days later, exhibiting signs ofparanoia; he was committed to aninsane asylum the following month.^[1]: 122 Leever had been battling an injury to his pitching arm (which he made worse by entering atrapshooting competition). Worst of all, Wagner, who had a sore thumb throughout the season, injured his right leg in September and was never 100 percent for the postseason.^{[1]: 122–123}

Some sources say Boston were heavy underdogs. Bostonbookies actually gave even odds to the teams (and only because Dreyfuss and other "sports" were alleged to have bet on Pittsburgh to bring down the odds).^[1]: 124 The teams were generally thought to be evenly matched, with the Americans credited with stronger pitching and the Pirates with superior offense and fielding. The outcome, many believed, hinged on Wagner's health. "If Wagner does not play, bet your money at two to one on Boston", said theSporting News, "but if he does play, place your money at two to one on Pittsburg."^{[1]: quoted in p. 124}

ALBoston Americans (5) vs. NLPittsburgh Pirates (3)

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The Pirates started Game 1 strong, scoring six runs in the first four innings, and held on to win the first World Series game in modern baseball history. They extended their lead to 7–0 on aninside-the-park home run byJimmy Sebring in the seventh, the first home run in World Series history. Boston scored a few runs in the last three innings, but it was too little, too late; they ended up losing 7–3 in the first ever World Series game. Both Phillippe and Young threwcomplete games, with Phillippe striking out ten and Young fanning five, but Young also gave up twice as many hits and allowed threeearned runs to Phillippe's two.

After starting out strong in Game 1, the Pirates simply shut down offensively, eking out a mere three hits, all singles. Pittsburgh starter Sam Leever went 1 inning and gave up three hits and two runs, before his ailing arm forced him to leave in favor ofBucky Veil, who finished the game. Bill Dinneen struck out 11 and pitched a complete game for the Americans, while Patsy Dougherty hit home runs in the first and sixth innings for two of the Boston's three runs. The Americans'Patsy Dougherty led off the Boston scoring with aninside-the-park home run, the first time a lead-off batter did just that untilAlcides Escobar of theKansas City Royals duplicated the feat in the2015 World Series, 112 years later. Dougherty's second home run was the first in World Series history to actually sail over the fence, an incredibly rare feat at the time.

Phillippe, pitching after only a single day of rest, started Game 3 for the Pirates and didn't let them down, hurling his second complete-game victory of the Series to put Pittsburgh up two games to one.

After two days of rest, Phillippe was ready to pitch a second straight game. He threw his third complete-game victory of the series against Bill Dinneen, who was making his second start of the series. But Phillippe's second straight win was almost not to be, as the Americans, down 5–1 in the top of the ninth, rallied to narrow the deficit to one run. The comeback attempt failed, as Phillippe managed to put an end to it and give the Pirates a commanding 3–1 series lead.

Game 5 was a pitcher's duel for the first five innings, with Boston's Cy Young and Pittsburgh'sBrickyard Kennedy giving up no runs. That changed in the top of the sixth, however, when the Americans scored a then-record six runs before being retired. Young, on the other hand, managed to keep his shutout intact before finally giving up a pair of runs in the bottom of the eighth. He went the distance and struck out four for his first World Series win.

Game 6 was a rematch between the starters of Game 2, Boston's Dinneen and Pittsburgh's Leever. Leever pitched a complete game this time but so did Dinneen, who outmatched him to earn his second complete-game victory of the series. After losing three of the first four games of the World Series, the underdog Americans had tied the series at three games apiece.

The fourth and final game in Allegheny saw Phillippe start his fourth game of the Series for the Pirates. This time, however, he did not fare as well as he did in his first three starts. Cy Young, in his third start of the Series, held the Pirates to three runs and put the Americans ahead for the first time as the Series moved back to Boston.

The final game of this inaugural World Series started out as an intense pitcher's duel, scoreless until the bottom of the fourth whenHobe Ferris hit a two-run single. Phillippe started his fifth and final game of the series and Dinneen his fourth. As he did in Game 2, Dinneen threw a complete-game shutout, striking out seven and leading his Americans to victory, while Phillippe pitched respectably but could not match Dinneen because his arm had been worn out with five starts in the eight games, giving up three runs to give the first 20th-century World Championship to the Boston Americans, Honus Wagner striking out to end the Series.

1903 World Series(5–3):Boston Americans (A.L.) overPittsburgh Pirates (N.L.)

Note: GP=Games Played; AB=At Bats; R=Runs; H=Hits; 2B=Doubles; 3B=Triples; HR=Home Runs; RBI=Runs Batted In; BB=Walks; AVG=Batting Average; OBP=On Base Percentage; SLG=Slugging Percentage

Note: G=Games Played; GS=Games Started; ERA=Earned Run Average; W=Wins; L=Losses; SV=Saves; IP=Innings Pitched; H=Hits; R=Runs; ER= Earned Runs; BB=Walks; SO= Strikeouts

Note: GP=Games Played; AB=At Bats; R=Runs; H=Hits; 2B=Doubles; 3B=Triples; HR=Home Runs; RBI=Runs Batted In; BB=Walks; AVG=Batting Average; OBP=On Base Percentage; SLG=Slugging Percentage

Note: G=Games Played; GS=Games Started; ERA=Earned Run Average; W=Wins; L=Losses; SV=Saves; IP=Innings Pitched; H=Hits; R=Runs; ER= Earned Runs; BB=Walks; SO= Strikeouts

• Abrams, Roger L. (2003).The First World Series and the Baseball Fanatics of 1903. Boston: Northeastern University Press.ISBN 1-55553-644-1.
• Anderson, Shelly (June 1, 2003)."Pirates, Red Sox face off for first time in a century".Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. RetrievedDecember 14, 2009.
• Dabilis, Andy; Tsiotos, Nick (2004).The 1903 World Series: the Boston Americans, the Pittsburg Pirates, and "the first championship of the United States". Jefferson, NC: McFarland.ISBN 0-7864-1840-0.
• Anderson, Shelly (June 3, 2003)."Pirates Cy Young found old magic as Boston rallied to win title".Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. RetrievedDecember 14, 2009.

• Cohen, Richard M.; Neft, David S. (1990).The World Series: Complete Play-By-Play of Every Game, 1903–1989. New York: St. Martin's Press. pp. 3–8.ISBN 0-312-03960-3.
• Masur, Louis P. (2003).Autumn Glory: Baseball's First World Series. New York: Hill & Wang.ISBN 0-8090-2763-1.
• Reichler, Joseph (1982).The Baseball Encyclopedia (5th ed.). Macmillan Publishing. p. 2112.ISBN 0-02-579010-2.

• 1903 World Series atWorldSeries.com viaMLB.com
• 1903 World Series atBaseball Almanac
• 1903 World Series atBaseball-Reference.com
• The 1903 Post-Season Games (box scores and play-by-play) atRetrosheet
• History of the World Series - 1903 atThe Sporting News. Archived fromthe original in May 2006.

• Boston Red Sox postseason
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