1902 United States House of Representatives elections

← 1900 June 2, September 12, September 18, and November 4, 1902[a] 1904 →
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All 386 seats in theUnited States House of Representatives 194 seats needed for a majority
Majority party Minority party   Leader Joseph Cannon John Sharp Williams Party Republican Democratic Leader since March 4, 1903 March 4, 1903 Leader's seat Illinois 18th Mississippi 8th Last election 200 seats 151 seats Seats before 198 seats[b] 152 seats[c] Seats won 206[1][2][d] 176[1][2] Seat change 6 25 Popular vote 5,470,468 4,942,208 Percentage 49.81% 45.00% Swing 0.84pp 0.55pp   Third party Fourth party   Party Independent Populist Last election 0 seats 5 seats Seats before 0 seats 5 seats Seats won 4[d][e] 0 Seat change 4 5 Popular vote 61,629 151,192 Percentage 0.56% 1.38% Swing 0.23pp 0.97pp
Speaker before election David Henderson Republican ElectedSpeaker Joseph Cannon Republican

The1902 United States House of Representatives elections were held for the most part on November 4, 1902, with Oregon, Maine, and Vermont holding theirs early in either June or September. They occurred in the middle ofPresidentTheodore Roosevelt's first term, about a year after theassassination of William McKinley in September 1901. Elections were held for 386 seats of theUnited States House of Representatives, representing 45 states, to serve in the58th United States Congress.

Due to the increased size of the House and thereapportionment that resulted from the1900 U.S. census, theRepublican Party and theDemocratic Party both gained seats simultaneously, which has not occurred in any elections since. The Democrats increased their share of the House, but not by enough to regain control.

With a stable economy and no cornerstone issue, Democratic gains can mostly be linked to the effects of redistricting. Many of the new seats were in areas with high numbers of immigrants (mostly Eastern and Southern European industrial workers, and Northern European farmers), with new immigrants tending to vote Democrat. ThePopulist Party disappeared from the House, with its supporters almost unanimously switching to the Democratic Party.^{[citation needed]}

This election marked the third and most recent time in American history where the incumbent president's party gained House seats in a midterm election while still losing seats in the Senate, the first two being in1814 and1822.

29 new seats were added inreapportionment following the1900 census.^[3] No states lost seats, 16 had no change in apportionment, 14 gained 1 seat, 3 gained 2 seats, and 3 gained 3 seats. Two of the states that gained representation elected the new seat at-large.

State	Type	Total seats		Democratic		Republican
		Seats	Change	Seats	Change	Seats	Change
Alabama	Districts	9		9		0
Arkansas	Districts	7	1	7	1	0
California	Districts	8	1	3	3	5	2
Colorado	District +at-large[f]	3[g]	1	0		3	2[h]
Connecticut	District +at-large[f]	5	1	0		5	1
Delaware	At-large	1		1	1	0	1
Florida	Districts	3	1	3	1	0
Georgia	Districts	11		11		0
Idaho	At-large	1[g]		0		1	1
Illinois	Districts	25	3	8	3	17	6
Indiana	Districts	13		4		9
Iowa	Districts	11		1	1	10	1
Kansas	District +at-large	8		0	1	8	1
Kentucky	Districts	11		10	1	1	1
Louisiana	Districts	7	1	7	1	0
Maine[i]	Districts	4		0		4
Maryland	Districts	6		2	2	4	2
Massachusetts	Districts	14	1	4	1	10
Michigan	Districts	12		1	1	11	1
Minnesota	Districts	9	2	1	1	8	1
Mississippi	Districts	8	1	8	1	0
Missouri	Districts	16	1	15	3	1	2
Montana	At-large	1[g]		0		1	1
Nebraska	Districts	6[j]		1	1	5	3
Nevada	At-large	1		1		0
New Hampshire	Districts	2		0		2
New Jersey	Districts	10	2	3	1	7	1
New York	Districts	37	3	17	4	20	1
North Carolina	Districts	10	1	10	3	0	2
North Dakota	At-large	2	1	0		2	1
Ohio	Districts	21		4		17
Oregon[i]	Districts	2		0		2
Pennsylvania	District[k]	32	2	3	1	29[d]	3
Rhode Island	Districts	2		1	1	1	1
South Carolina	Districts	7		7		0
South Dakota	At-large	2		0		2
Tennessee	Districts	10		8		2
Texas	Districts	16	3	16	3	0
Utah	At-large	1		0		1
Vermont[i]	Districts	2		0		2
Virginia	Districts	10		9	1	1	1
Washington	At-large	3	1	0		3	1
West Virginia	Districts	5	1	0		5	1
Wisconsin	Districts	11	1	1	1	10
Wyoming	At-large	1		0		1
Total		386	29	176 45.6%	25	210[d] 54.4%	9

The previous election had 5Populists, but the party completely disappeared from the U.S. House in the 1902 elections.

All the states held their elections November 4, 1902, except for 3 states, with 8 seats among them:

• June 2:Oregon
• September 2:Vermont
• September 8:Maine

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