| 18th United States Congress | |
|---|---|
17th ← → 19th | |
 United States Capitol (1827) | |
March 4, 1823 – March 4, 1825 | |
| Members | 48 senators 213 representatives 3 non-voting delegates |
| Senate majority | Democratic-Republican |
| Senate President | Daniel D. Tompkins (DR) |
| House majority | Democratic-Republican |
| House Speaker | Henry Clay (DR) |
| Sessions | |
| 1st: December 1, 1823 – May 27, 1824 2nd: December 6, 1824 – March 3, 1825 | |
The18th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of theUnited States Senate and theUnited States House of Representatives. It met inWashington, D.C., from March 4, 1823, to March 4, 1825, during the seventh and eighth years ofJames Monroe'spresidency. The apportionment of seats in theHouse of Representatives was based on the1820 United States census. Both chambers had aDemocratic-Republican majority.
| States for Adams | States for Jackson | States for Crawford |
|---|---|---|
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| Total: 13 (54%) | Total: 7 (29%) | Total: 4 (17%) |
The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section. The 18th Congress was the final one in which members sat who are identified with theFirst Party System and theFederalist Party.
| Affiliation | Party (Shading indicates majority caucus) | Total | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic- Republican (DR) | Federalist (F) | Vacant | ||||||
| End ofprevious Congress | 43 | 4 | 47 | 1 | ||||
| Begin | 42 | 3 | 45 | 3 | ||||
| End | 43 | 5 | 48 | 0 | ||||
| Final voting share | 89.6% | 10.4% | ||||||
| Beginning ofnext Congress | Jacksonian: 25 | 45 | 3 | |||||
| Adams Republican: 20 | ||||||||
| Affiliation | Party (Shading indicates majority caucus) | Total | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic-Republican | Federalist | Vacant | ||||||
| Adams-Clay (A-DR) | Crawford (C-DR) | Jackson (J-DR) | Adams-Clay (A-F) | Crawford (C-F) | Jackson (J-F) | |||
| End ofprevious Congress | 154 | 31 | 185 | 2 | ||||
| Begin | 71 | 53 | 64 | 15 | 2 | 7 | 212 | 1 |
| End | 72 | 213 | 0 | |||||
| Final voting share | 88.7% | 11.3% | ||||||
| Beginning ofnext Congress | Jacksonian: 104 | 213 | 0 | |||||
| Adams Republican: 109 | ||||||||
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and representatives are listed by district.
Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below areSenate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring re-election in 1826; Class 2 meant their term began with this Congress, requiring re-election in 1828; and Class 3 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring re-election in 1824.
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|  2 Democratic-Republicans 1 Democratic-Republican and 1 Federalist 2 Federalists
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The names of representatives are preceded by their district numbers.
The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.
| State (class) | Vacated by | Reason for change | Successor | Date of successor's formal installation[a] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| New Jersey (1) | Vacant | Samuel L. Southard resigned at end of previous Congress. Successorelected November 12, 1823. | Joseph McIlvaine (DR) | November 12, 1823 |
| Delaware (2) | Vacant | Legislature had failed to elect. Incumbent wasre-elected late January 7, 1824. | Nicholas Van Dyke (F) | January 7, 1824 |
| Delaware (1) | Vacant | Caesar A. Rodney resigned in previous term. Successorelected January 8, 1824. | Thomas Clayton (F) | January 8, 1824 |
| Connecticut (1) | Elijah Boardman (DR) | Died August 18, 1823. Successor appointed October 8, 1823, and laterelected May 5, 1824. | Henry W. Edwards (DR) | October 8, 1823 |
| Louisiana (3) | James Brown (DR) | Resigned December 10, 1823, after being appointedMinister to France. Successor appointed January 15, 1824. | Josiah S. Johnston (DR) | January 15, 1824 |
| Illinois (3) | Ninian Edwards (DR) | Resigned March 4, 1824, after being appointedMinister to Mexico. Successorelected November, 1824. | John McLean (DR) | November 23, 1824 |
| Louisiana (2) | Henry Johnson (DR) | Resigned May 27, 1824, to run forGovernor of Louisiana. Successorelected November 19, 1824. | Dominique J. Bouligny (DR) | November 19, 1824 |
| Virginia (2) | John Taylor (DR) | Died August 21, 1824. Successorelected December 7, 1824. | Littleton W. Tazewell (DR) | December 7, 1824 |
| Georgia (2) | Nicholas Ware (DR) | Died September 7, 1824. Successorelected December 6, 1824. | Thomas W. Cobb (DR) | December 6, 1824 |
| District | Vacated by | Reason for change | Successor | Date of successor's formal installation[a] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Massachusetts 10th | Vacant | John Bailey was declared not entitled to seat in previous election. Bailey was thenre-elected. | John Bailey (A-DR) | Seated December 13, 1824. |
| New York 28th | William B. Rochester (A-DR) | Resigned April 21, 1823. New memberelected. | William Woods (A-DR) | Seated November 3, 1823. |
| Pennsylvania 13th | John Tod (J-DR) | Resigned sometime in 1824. New memberelected. | Alexander Thomson (J-DR) | Seated December 6, 1824. |
| New York 29th | Isaac Wilson (A-DR) | Lost contested election January 7, 1824. New member seated. | Parmenio Adams (A-DR) | Seated January 7, 1824. |
| Virginia 13th | William Lee Ball (C-DR) | Died February 29, 1824. New memberelected. | John Taliaferro (C-DR) | Seated March 24, 1824. |
| North Carolina 2nd | Hutchins G. Burton (C-DR) | Resigned March 23, 1824, when electedGovernor of North Carolina. New memberelected. | George Outlaw (C-DR) | Seated January 19, 1825. |
| Pennsylvania 8th | Thomas J. Rogers (J-DR) | Resigned April 20, 1824. New memberelected. | George Wolf (J-DR) | Seated December 9, 1824. |
| Indiana 1st | William Prince (J-DR) | Died September 8, 1824. New memberelected. | Jacob Call (J-DR) | Seated December 23, 1824. |
| Vermont 3rd | Charles Rich (A-DR) | Died October 15, 1824. New memberelected. | Henry Olin (A-DR) | Seated December 13, 1824. |
| Georgia at-large | Thomas W. Cobb (C-DR) | Resigned December 6, 1824, whenelected U.S. Senator. New memberelected. | Richard H. Wilde (C-DR) | Seated February 7, 1825. |
Lists of committees and their party leaders.
