The18th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), formally thePolitical Bureau of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, was elected at the 1st plenary session of the18th Central Committee of theCCP on 15 November 2012 in the aftermath of the18th National Congress. Thiselectoral term was preceded by the17th Politburo and succeeded by the19th. Of the 25 members, seven served in the18th Politburo Standing Committee.
At the beginning of its term, the 25 Politburo members held the following portfolios: seven members of theCCP Politburo Standing Committee, six regional party leaders, two military figures, five leaders of central party organs and commissions, three Vice Premiers, the Vice President, and the head of thenational trade union federation. The internal composition was similar to the previous Politburo, with only a few portfolio changes. The number of Standing Committee members decreased from nine to seven. The party leaders of thedirect-controlled municipalities of Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, and Chongqing, the province of Guangdong, and the far western region ofXinjiang were represented on the Politburo; this arrangement was unchanged from the previous Politburo. The two vice-chairmen of the Central Military Commission, the national trade union head, the head of the party's Organization and Propaganda departments, and all Vice-Premiers were represented on the Politburo; again this arrangement was totally consistent with the composition of the previous Politburo.[citation needed]
The long-term head of the Policy Research Office,Wang Huning, gained a seat on the Politburo. This was the first time the head of this office was represented at the Politburo level. Before starting his Politburo term, Wang sat on the Central Secretariat. Similarly,Li Zhanshu was appointed director of the party's General Office and was given a seat on the Politburo, while his predecessors generally did not enjoy this 'privilege'. The Secretary of theCentral Political and Legal Affairs Commission,Meng Jianzhu, did not earn a seat on the Standing Committee, unlike his predecessorZhou Yongkang. Moreover, no Politburo member directly took on the role thatLi Changchun played as "propaganda chief" in the previous Politburo; instead, Standing Committee memberLiu Yunshan was named both executive Secretary of the Secretariat in charge of party affairs, he was also seen as having 'taken over' Li Changchun's post as informal "propaganda chief".Liu Yandong, who continued her term from the 17th Politburo, was promoted from State Councilor to Vice-Premier; therefore, no State Councilors sat on the 18th Politburo. Apart from the seven Standing Committee members, only three others maintained their membership from the previous Politburo: Liu Yandong, Li Yuanchao, andWang Yang, meaning that 15 out of the 25 members were newcomers. Li held the office of vice-president, which Xi Jinping previously held, and Wang was transferred from his post as Guangdong party secretary to become Vice Premier. Li and Wang theoretically meet the age requirements to advance one level higher to the Standing Committee at the 19th Party Congress, the only two-term Politburo members apart from Xi Jinping and Li Keqiang who met this requirement.[citation needed]
Two women, Sun Chunlan and Liu Yandong, sat on the Politburo, the first time this has happened since 1973 (whenYe Qun andJiang Qing were part of the Politburo). No ethnic minorities had a seat on the council.[citation needed]