Calendar year
1895 by topic Humanities By country Other topics Lists of leaders Birth and death categories Establishments and disestablishments categories Works category
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1895 .
1895 (MDCCCXCV ) was acommon year starting on Tuesday of theGregorian calendar and acommon year starting on Sunday of theJulian calendar , the 1895th year of theCommon Era (CE) andAnno Domini 2nd millennium , the 95th year of the19th century , and the 6th year of the1890s decade. As of the start of 1895, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Calendar year
January 5 :Dreyfus affair January 5 –Dreyfus affair : French officerAlfred Dreyfus is stripped of his army rank and sentenced to life imprisonment onDevil's Island (off French Guiana) on what is much later admitted to be a false charge of treason.[ 1] January 6 – TheWilcox rebellion , an attempt led byRobert Wilcox to overthrow theRepublic of Hawaii and restore theKingdom of Hawaii , begins with royalist troops landing at Waikiki Beach in O'ahu and clashing with republican defenders. The rebellion ends after three days and the remaining 190 royalists are taken prisoners of war.[ 2] January 12 – Britain'sNational Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty is founded byOctavia Hill ,Robert Hunter and CanonHardwicke Rawnsley .[ 3] January 13 –First Italo-Ethiopian War :Battle of Coatit – Italian forces defeat the Ethiopians.[ 4] January 15 – A warehouse fire and dynamite explosion kills 57 people, including 13 firefighters inButte, Montana in the U.S.[ 5] January 17 –A 6.8 magnitude earthquake strikes northeasternIran near the town ofQuchan and causes at least 1,000 deaths.[ 6] January 21 –January 24 – An effort to restore the Hawaiian monarchy ends as the former QueenLiliʻuokalani abdicates and pledges allegiance to theRepublic of Hawaii .[ 9] January 31 – The sinking of the German ocean linerSSElbe kills 334 people on board, 20 minutes after the ship had collided with the British steamer SSCrathie in the North Sea. Only two lifeboats are able to evacuate before theElbe goes down, and the first lifeboat capsizes when too many passengers attempt to get onboard. A second lifeboat, with 15 members of the crew, four men and a woman, carries the only survivors.[ 10] March 18 : The first internal combustionbus , (Siegen toNetphen in Germany)April 17 :Shimonoseki treaty :Qing dynasty renounces claim on KoreaJuly 31:Sabino Arana founds theBasque Nationalist Party September –Shelbourne F.C. is founded inDublin ,Ireland .September 3 – The first professionalAmerican football game is played, inLatrobe, Pennsylvania , between the LatrobeYMCA and the Jeannette Athletic Club (Latrobe wins 12–0).September 7 – The first game of what will become known asrugby league football is played in England, starting the1895–96 Northern Rugby Football Union season .September 18 –Daniel David Palmer performs the first chiropracticspinal adjustment , onHarvey Lillard , whose complaint was partial deafness after an injury.September 24 –October 3 – theAutomobile Club de France Bordeaux toAgen and back.[ 16] rally . The first three places are taken by twoPanhards and a three-wheelerDe Dion-Bouton .[ 16] October:The Cosmopolitan October –Rudyard Kipling publishes the story "Mowgli Leaves the Jungle Forever" inThe Cosmopolitan The Second Jungle Book October 1 – French troops captureAntananarivo ,Madagascar .October 2 –Peiyang University , predecessor ofTianjin University , is founded as an institution of higher education inQing dynasty China.[ 19] October 8 –Queen Min , queen consort ofJoseon (Korea), isassassinated at her private residence withinGyeongbokgung Palace by Japanese agents.[ 20] October 10 – TheLondon School of Economics holds its first classes in London, England.October 23 – The city ofTainan , last stronghold of theRepublic of Formosa , capitulates to the forces of theEmpire of Japan , ending the short-lived republic, and beginning the era ofTaiwan under Japanese rule .October 31 –1895 Charleston earthquake : A major earthquake occurs nearCharleston, Missouri , in theNew Madrid Seismic Zone of themidwestern United States . As of 2014, the earthquake risk for the region is being closely monitored.December 7 – A corps of 2,350 Italian troops, mostlyAskari , are crushed by 30,000 Abyssinian troops atAmba Alagi .December 11 –Svante Arrhenius becomes the first scientist to deliver quantified data aboutthe sensitivity of global climate to atmospheric carbon dioxide (the "Greenhouse effect "), as he presents his paper "On the Influence of Carbonic Acid in the Air Upon The Temperature of the Ground" to theRoyal Swedish Academy of Sciences .[ 23] December 13 – The first complete performance ofGustav Mahler 'sSymphony No. 2 is given, with theBerlin Philharmonic orchestra conducted by the composer.[ 24] December 15 – The railways of theCape of Good Hope ,Colony of Natal , theOrange Free State , theSouth African Republic and southernMozambique are all linked at Union Junction nearAlberton .[ 25] December 18 – TheLaurin & Klement automobile brand, predecessor ofŠkoda Auto , is founded as a bicycle manufacturer in centralBohemia (modern-dayCzech Republic ).[ 26] December 24 December 28 –Auguste and Louis Lumière make what is probably the first commercialpublic screening of projected moving picture films to a paying audience, at theSalon Indien du Grand Café in Paris.[ 27] December Otto Lilienthal gliding experiment J. Edgar Hoover Leo Aryeh Mayer Babe Ruth Louise Lovely February 2 –George Halas , American football player and coach, co-founder of the National Football League (d.1983 )February 6 –Babe Ruth , American baseball player (d.1948 )February 8 –Khorloogiin Choibalsan ,Marshal of the Mongolian People's Republic , Prime Minister of theMongolian People's Republic (d.1952 )February 10 –Victor Jacob Koningsberger , Dutch botanist (d.1966 )[ 30] February 14 –Max Horkheimer , German philosopher, sociologist (d.1973 )February 15 –Earl Thomson , Canadian athlete (d.1971 )February 18 (O.S. 6 February) –Semyon Timoshenko , Soviet general, Marshal of the Soviet Union (d.1970 )February 19 February 21 –Henrik Dam , Danish biochemist, recipient of theNobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d.1976 )February 27 –Edward Brophy , American character actor (d.1960 )February 28 Robert Benoist James McCudden SirStanley Rous April 1 –Alberta Hunter , American singer (d.1984 )[ 32] April 3 –Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco , Italian composer (d.1968 )[ 33] April 4 –John Kotelawala , 3rd Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (d.1980 )April 5 –Mike O'Dowd , American boxer (d.1957 )April 13 –Olga Rudge , American violinist (d.1996 )April 14 –Anton Reinthaller , Austrian right-wing politician (d.1958 )April 25 –Stanley Rous , English administrator, 6th President of FIFA (d.1986 )April 26 –Hans Kopfermann , German physicist (d.1963 )April 29 –Malcolm Sargent , English conductor (d.1967 )[ 34] Rudolph Valentino Jiddu Krishnamurti May 1 –Nikolai Yezhov , Soviet politician and police chief, Great Purge Perpetrator (d.1940 )May 2 –Lorenz Hart , American lyricist (d.1943 )[ 35] May 5 –Charles Lamont , Russian-born film director (d.1993 )May 6 –Rudolph Valentino , Italian actor (d.1926 )May 8 –Fulton J. Sheen , American Catholic archbishop, television personality (d.1979 )May 9 –Richard Barthelmess , American actor (d.1963 )May 11 –Jiddu Krishnamurti , Indian philosopher, speaker and writer (d.1986 )[ 36] May 12 –William Giauque , Canadian chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d.1982 )May 15 –Prescott Bush , American banker and politician (d.1972 )May 17 –Saul Adler , Russian-born British-Israeli expert on parasitology (d.1966 )May 21 –Lázaro Cárdenas , 44thPresident of Mexico , 1934–1940 (d.1970 )[ 37] May 25 –Dorothea Lange , American documentary photographer, photojournalist (d.1965 )Jack Dempsey Carl Orff Kirsten Flagstad July 2 –Pavel Sukhoi , Russian aircraft engineer (d.1975 )July 8 –Igor Tamm , Russian physicist,Nobel Prize laureate (d.1971 )July 9 –Frederick Hanson , New Zealand soldier, engineer, military leader and public servant (d.1979 )July 10 July 12 July 14 July 18 –Olga Spessivtseva , Russian ballerina (d.1991 )July 19 –Xu Beihong , Chinese painter (d.1953 )July 21 –Ken Maynard , American actor (d.1973 )July 22 –León de Greiff , Colombian poet (d.1976 )July 23 –Aileen Pringle , American actress (d.1989 )July 24 –Robert Graves , English writer (d.1985 )[ 40] July 26 –Gracie Allen , American actress and comedian (d.1964 )Abdul Rahman of Negeri Sembilan Sara García John Diefenbaker September 1 September 6 –Margery Perham , English Africanist (d.1982 )September 7 – SirBrian Horrocks , British general (d.1985 )September 8 –Sara García , Mexican actress (d.1980 )September 11 –Vinoba Bhave , Indian religious leader (d.1982 )September 13 September 18 September 20 –Joseph Frank Wehner , American World War Iflying ace (d.1918 )[ 42] September 21 –Juan de la Cierva , Spanish civil engineer, aviator, aeronautical engineer and inventor of the autogyro (d.1936 )September 22 –Paul Muni , Austro-Hungarian-born American actor (d.1967 )September 24 –André Frédéric Cournand , French-born physician, recipient of theNobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d.1988 )September 29 –Joseph Banks Rhine , American parapsychologist (d.1980 )September 30 –Aleksandr Vasilevsky , Soviet general, Marshal of the Soviet Union (d.1977 )Buster Keaton Juan Perón Levi Eshkol Gerhard Domagk October 1 –Liaquat Ali Khan , 1st Prime Minister of Pakistan (d.1951 )October 3 –Sergei Yesenin , Russian lyric poet (d.1925 )October 4 October 8 October 9 –Ivan Yumashev , Soviet admiral (d.1972 )October 10 –Wolfram von Richthofen , German field marshal (d.1945 )October 17 –Miguel Ydígoras Fuentes , 21st President of Guatemala (d.1982 )October 19 –Lewis Mumford , American historian (d.1990 )October 20 –October 21 –Edna Purviance , American actress (d.1958 )October 22 –Rolf Nevanlinna , Finnish mathematician (d.1980 )October 24 –Charles Walter Allfrey , British general (d.1964 )October 25 October 30 October 31 –Basil Liddell Hart , British military historian (d.1970 )Paul Hindemith George VI Josef Hoop Frederick Douglass T. Muthuswamy Iyer January 3 –Mary Torrans Lathrap , American temperance reformer (b.1838 )January 4 –William Loring , British admiral (b.1811 )January 9 –Aaron Lufkin Dennison , American watchmaker (b.1812 )January 10 –Benjamin Godard , French composer (b.1849 )January 19 –António Luís de Seabra, 1st Viscount of Seabra , Portuguese magistrate and politician (b.1798 )January 24 –Lord Randolph Churchill , British statesman (b.1849 )January 25 –T. Muthuswamy Iyer , Lawyer, first Indian Judge of the Madras high court (b. 1832)January 26 –Arthur Cayley , British mathematician, (b.1821 )[ 44] January 27 –John Erskine , Irish-American jurist and United States district judge from 1865 to 1883 (b.1813 )January 28 –François Certain de Canrobert , French general,Marshal of France (b.1809 )February 9 –Ōdera Yasuzumi , Japanese general (killed in action) (b.1846 )February 10 –Liu Buchan , Chinese admiral (suicide) (b.1852 )February 12 –Ding Ruchang , Chinese army officer, admiral (killed in action) (b.1836 )February 18 –Archduke Albrecht, Duke of Teschen , Austrian general (b.1817 )February 20 –Frederick Douglass , American ex-slave and author (b. c.1818 )[ 45] February 25 –Henry Bruce, 1st Baron Aberdare , politician (b.1815 )[ 46] February 26 –Salvador de Itúrbide y Marzán , Prince of Mexico (b.1849 )Berthe Morisot May 19 –José Martí , Cuban independence leader (b.1853 )May 21 –Franz von Suppé , Austrian composer (b.1819 )May 23 –Franz Ernst Neumann , German mineralogist, physicist and mathematician (b.1798 )May 26 –Ahmed Cevdet Pasha , Ottoman statesman (b.1822 )May 28 –Walter Q. Gresham , American politician (b.1832 )May 30 –Joseph Marello , Italian Roman Catholic prelate (b.1844 )June 2 –Zeng Laishun , Chinese interpreter and educator (b.1826 )June 4 –Abu Bakar of Johor , Malaysian sultan (b.1833 )June 6 –Gustaf Nordenskiöld , Swedish explorer (b.1868 )June 13 –Manuel Ruiz Zorrilla , Prime Minister of Spain (b.1833 )June 27 –Sophie Adlersparre , Swedish feminist and magazine editor (b.1823 )[ 49] June 29 Friedrich Engels Louis Pasteur September 8 –Adam Opel , German founder of the automobile company Adam Opel AG (b.1837 )September 26 –Ephraim Wales Bull , American horticulturalist, creator of theConcord grape (b.1806 )September 28 –Louis Pasteur , French microbiologist, chemist (b.1822 )October 3 –Harry Wright , English-born American baseball pioneer (b.1835 )October 8 –Empress Myeongseong (Queen Min), last Korean empress (assassinated) (b.1851 )October 13 –Franklin Leonard Pope , American engineer, explorer and inventor (b.1840 )October 25 – SirCharles Hallé , German-born pianist and conductor (b.1819 )October 27 /28 –Adele Spitzeder , German actress, folk singer and confidence trickster (b.1832 )^ Derfler, Leslie (2002).The Dreyfus Affair 2 . ^ Loomis, Albertine (1976).For Whom Are the Stars? ISBN 978-0-8248-0416-9 ^ Jenkins, Jennifer; James, Patrick (1994).From acorn to oak tree: the growth of the National Trust 1895–1994 . London: Macmillan. pp. 1– 23. ^ John (2014).The Italian Army and the First World War . Cambridge University Press. p. 23.ISBN 9780521193078 ^ Emeigh, John Grant (August 13, 2012)."Deadly disaster: Firefighters, onlookers perish in 1895 explosion" .The Montana Standard . RetrievedNovember 2, 2017 . ^ Hollingsworth, J.; Jackson J.; Waler R.; Gheitanchi M.R. & Bolourchi M.J. (2006)."Strike-slip faulting, rotation, and along-strike elongation in the Kopeh Dagh mountains, NE Iran" .Geophysical Journal International .166 (3).Royal Astronomical Society :1161– 1177.Bibcode :2006GeoJI.166.1161H .doi :10.1111/j.1365-246x.2006.02983.x ^ United States v. E. C. Knight Co. 156 U.S. 1 (1895).^ "Not One Rescued: That the SteamerChicora Was Wrecked Is Now a Curiosity" .St. Paul Daily Globe ISSN 2151-5328 .LCCN sn90059523 .OCLC 21579130 . RetrievedJanuary 16, 2016 – viaChronicling America .^ Liliuokalani (1898).Hawaii's Story by Hawaii's Queen, Liliuokalani ISBN 978-0-548-22265-2 OCLC 2387226 .{{cite book }}:ISBN / Date incompatibility (help ) ^ "Elbe Disaster Investigation; Witnesses of the Steamer Crathie Testify at Lowestoft",The New York Times , May 1, 1895 ^ Chernow, Ron (2010).The House of Morgan: An American Banking Dynasty and the Rise of Modern Finance Grove/Atlantic, Inc. ISBN 978-0-87113-338-0 ^ McCullough, David Willis (October 8, 2000)."The Fairy Defense" .The New York Times . RetrievedMarch 23, 2007 . ^ Carey, Otis (October 19, 2021)."Kyoto" .britannica.com .Archived from the original on June 11, 2015. RetrievedOctober 19, 2021 . ^ Chardère, B.; Borgé, G.; Borgé, M. (1985).Les Lumière (in French). Paris: Bibliothèque des Arts. p. 71.ISBN 2-85047-068-6 ^ Weale, Bertram Lenox Putnam (1905).The Re-shaping of the Far East 431 –437.^a b c The Story of the Grand Prix . (retrieved 11 June 2017)^ Penguin Pocket On This Day . Penguin Reference Library. 2006.ISBN 0-14-102715-0 ^ "Key Dates & Anniversaries" .Rugby Football League .Archived from the original on August 28, 2019. RetrievedAugust 28, 2019 .^ "History-Tianjin University" .www.tju.edu.cn . RetrievedFebruary 2, 2022 .^ Team, Gale Review (August 16, 2022)."The murder of Empress Myeongseong of Korea" .review.gale.com . RetrievedJuly 27, 2025 . ^ "A Fundação" .Flamengo's official site (in Portuguese). Archived fromthe original on April 10, 2017. RetrievedApril 9, 2017 .^ Berger, Michael L. (2001).The automobile in American history and culture: a reference guide ISBN 9780313245589 ^ The London, Edinburgh and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science ^ "1895 Concert Berlin 13-12-1895 – Symphony No. 2 (Premiere)" . Mahler Foundation. March 5, 2016. RetrievedAugust 2, 2025 .^ Statement Showing, in Chronological Order, the Date of Opening and the Mileage of Each Section of Railway , Statement No. 19, p. 183, ref. no. 200954-13^ Mick Walker's European Racing Motorcycles 76– 77.ISBN 978-0-9531311-3-6 ^ "Présentation Du Cinématographe Lumière" .Encyclopædia Universalis . March 27, 2002. RetrievedMarch 28, 2023 .^ Hovannisian, Richard G., ed. (2006).Armenian Tigranakert/Diarbekir and Edessa/Urfa . Costa Mesa, Calif.: Mazda Publishers.ISBN 1568591535 OCLC 67361643 . ^ "About our history" .Rabobank.com . RetrievedApril 12, 2022 .^ Arisz, W.H. (1967). "Levensbericht V.J. Koningsberger" [Obituary of V.J. Koningsberger].Jaarboek, 1965-1966 Yearbook, 1965–1966 ](PDF) (in Dutch). Amsterdam:Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences . pp. 329– 339. Archived fromthe original (PDF) on June 1, 2023. ^ "Admiral Robert B. Carney" .Biographies in Naval History . Naval Historical Center, Department of the Navy. August 11, 2008. Archived fromthe original on March 10, 2009. RetrievedAugust 16, 2008 .^ Down Beat ^ Nicolas Slonimsky (1938).Music Since 1900 ^ Charles Reid (1968).Malcolm Sargent: A Biography ISBN 978-0-241-91316-1 ^ Caryl Brahms; Ned Sherrin (1984).Song by Song: The Lives and Work of 14 Great Lyric Writers ISBN 978-0-86360-013-5 ^ Williams, Christine V. (2004).Jiddu Krishnamurti: world philosopher (1895–1986): his life and thoughts Delhi :Motilal Banarsidass .ISBN 978-81-208-2032-6 . RetrievedOctober 3, 2011 . ^ "Biografía de Lázaro Cárdenas" (in Spanish). Independencia de Mexico.com. RetrievedMay 31, 2019 .^ Mark Morris (1996).A Guide to 20th-century Composers ISBN 978-0-413-45601-4 ^ Dennis, James F. E. (1962).The Record Collector: A Magazine for Collectors of Recorded Vocal Art ^ Alan Bold; Allen Freer (March 4, 1976).Cambridge Book of English Verse 1939-1975 ISBN 978-0-521-09840-3 ^ "Mrs. Bogardus Passes After Brief Illness".Honolulu Star-Bulletin 1 ,4 . Retrieved 2025-06-28 – viaNewspapers.com . ^ "Joseph Wehner" . theaerodrome.com.Archived from the original on June 30, 2019.^ "BBC Two - Russia's Lost Princesses - Beyond the portraits" .BBC . RetrievedJanuary 14, 2022 .^ Scott, Charlotte Angas (1895)."Arthur Cayley. Born August 16th, 1821. Died January 26th, 1895" .Bull. Amer. Math. Soc .1 (6):133– 141.doi :10.1090/s0002-9904-1895-00261-x MR 1557369 .^ Rochester (N.Y.). Council (1895).Proceedings ... ^ Rees, James Frederick ."Bruce, Henry Austin (1815–1895), 1st Baron Aberdare" .Dictionary of Welsh Biography National Library of Wales . RetrievedDecember 10, 2019 .^ Twayne's World Authors Series ^ "Death of Emily Thornton Charles. Logansport Reporter. Logansport, Indiana. April 29, 1895, p 6" .Logansport Reporter . April 29, 1895. p. 6. RetrievedOctober 4, 2017 – viaNewspapers.com .^ Sigrid Leijonhufvud."K Sophie Adlersparre (f. Leijonhuvud)" .Svenskt biografiskt lexikon . RetrievedJune 16, 2015 . ^ Radical Philosophy ^ Frank Northen Magill (1958).Masterplots: Cyclopedia of world authors; seven hundred fifty three novelists, poets, playwrights from the world's fine literature ^ Istituto Matteucci biography.Appletons' Annual Cyclopaedia and Register of Important Events of the Year 1895: Embracing Political, Military, and Ecclesiastical Affairs; Public Documents; Biography, Statistics, Commerce, Finance, Literature, Science, Agriculture, and Mechanical Industry (1896); highly detailed compilation of facts and primary documents; worldwide coverage. not online.
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