Calendar year
1891 by topic Humanities By country Other topics Lists of leaders Birth and death categories Establishments and disestablishments categories Works category
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1891 .
1891 (MDCCCXCI ) was acommon year starting on Thursday of theGregorian calendar and acommon year starting on Tuesday of theJulian calendar , the 1891st year of theCommon Era (CE) andAnno Domini 2nd millennium , the 91st year of the19th century , and the 2nd year of the1890s decade. As of the start of 1891, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Calendar year
January 21 : Hawaii, QueenLili'Uokalani .January 1 A strike of 500 Hungarian steel workers occurs; 3,000 men are out of work as a consequence. Germany takes formal possession of its new African territories.January 4 – TheEarl of Zetland issues a declaration regarding the famine in the western counties of Ireland.January 5 January 7 January 9 – The great shoe strike inRochester, New York is called off.January 10 – InFrance , the Irish Nationalist leaders hold a conference atBoulogne . The French government promptly takes loan.January 11 3,000Lakotas approach Pine Ridge with a view to surrender. InMahoning Valley , Ohio, sixteen blast furnaces shut down, putting 10,000 men out of work. January 12 January 14 – Conference ofLakota chiefs with General Miles atPine Ridge Reservation : theLakota agree to surrender.January 15 – Scottish railway strikers attempt to wreck a train nearGreenock, Scotland .January 16 – TheChilean Civil War of 1891 breaks out.[ 1] January 19 General Miles officially announces the end of the native outbreak and congratulates his troops. A BritishRoyal Navy squadron is ordered toChile . January 20 –Jim Hogg becomes the first nativeTexan to be governor of that state.January 27 –May 2 – TheJamaica International Exhibition is held.[ 2] January 29 –Liliuokalani is proclaimed Queen ofHawaii .January 31 – The Portugueserepublican revolution breaks out, in the northern city ofPorto .May 5 :Tchaikovsky opensCarnegie Hall May 20 :Edison 'skinetoscope .July 30 – TheSpringboks rugby union team of South Africa play their first international test match against the Lions team of the British Isles, and lose by 4–0.Zora Neale Hurston Walther Bothe Antonio Segni José P. Laurel Earl Warren January 1 –Charles Bickford , American actor (d.1967 )[ 18] January 7 –Zora Neale Hurston , African-American writer, anthropologist, ethnographer (d.1960 )[ 19] January 8 –Walther Bothe , German physicist,Nobel Prize in Physics (d.1957 )[ 20] January 13 –Miguel Pro , MexicanJesuit priest , martyr and blessed (d.1927 )[ 21] January 15 –Ray Chapman , American baseball player (d.1920 )January 22 January 23 Marjorie Maynard , British artist and farmer (died 1975)Pavlo Tychyna , Ukrainian poet, translator, publicist, public activist, academician, and statesman. (d. 1967)January 24 –Walter Model , German field marshal (d.1945 )[ 23] January 27 –Ilya Ehrenburg , Russian writer (d.1967 )February 1 –Shigeru Fukudome , Japanese admiral (d.1971 )February 2 –Antonio Segni , Italian politician, 34thPrime Minister of Italy (1955–1957, 1959–1960), 4thPresident of the Italian Republic (d.1972 )February 9 –Ronald Colman , English actor (d.1958 )February 13 –Grant Wood , American painter (d.1942 )[ 24] February 17 –Abraham Fraenkel , German-born Israeli mathematician, recipient of theIsrael Prize (d.1965 )February 21 –Seán Heuston , Irish rebel (d.1916 )February 27 –David Sarnoff , Russian-born American broadcasting pioneer (d.1971 )March 3 –Fritz Rumey , German World War I fighter ace (d.1918 )March 9 –José P. Laurel , 3rdPresident of the Philippines (d.1959 )[ 25] March 10 –Sam Jaffe , American actor (d.1984 )[ 26] March 16 –Patsy Gallacher , Irish footballer (d.1953 )March 19 –Earl Warren , American politician andChief Justice of the United States (d.1974 )March 24 –Rudolf Berthold , German fighter pilot (d.1920 )March 29 –Yvan Goll , French lyricist, dramatist (d.1950 )Ahmad bin Yahya John A. Costello April 2 –Max Ernst , German painter (d.1976 )April 5 –Laura Vicuña , ChileanRoman Catholic holy figure and blessed (d.1904 )April 7 April 13 –Nella Larsen , American novelist (d.1964 )April 14 –B. R. Ambedkar , Indian jurist and politician (d.1956 )April 15 –Wallace Reid , American actor (d.1923 )[ 27] April 17 –George Adamski , Polish-born alleged UFO traveler (d.1965 )April 23 –Sergei Prokofiev , Soviet composer (d.1953 )April 29 –Bharathidasan , Tamil poet and rationalist (d.1964 )[ 28] May 10 May 15 May 16 May 18 –Rudolf Carnap , German philosopher (d.1970 )May 19 –Oswald Boelcke , German World War I fighter ace (d.1916 )May 23 –Pär Lagerkvist , Swedish writer,Nobel Prize laureate (d.1974 )May 24 –William F. Albright , American archeologist, Biblical scholar (d.1971 )June 2 –Takijirō Ōnishi , Japanese admiral (d.1945 )June 4 –Leopold Vietoris , Austrian mathematician (d.2002 )June 9 –Cole Porter , American composer, songwriter (d.1964 )June 18 –Ahmad bin Yahya , King of Yemen (d.1962 )June 20 –John A. Costello , secondTaoiseach of Ireland (d.1976 )June 21 –Hermann Scherchen , German conductor (d.1966 )June 24 –Devere Allen , American socialist, pacifist political activist, and journalist (d.1955 )[ 31] June 28 –Carl Spaatz , American general (d.1974 )June 30 –Man Mountain Dean , American professional wrestler (d.1953 )Karl Kobelt MadameMinna Craucher Karl Dönitz William McKell July 5 –John Howard Northrop , American chemist,Nobel Prize laureate (d.1987 )July 7 –Tadamichi Kuribayashi , Imperial Japanese Army general (d.1945 )July 12 –Jetta Goudal , Dutch-American actress (d.1985 )July 18 –Gene Lockhart , Canadian-American actor, singer, and playwright (d.1957 )July 21 –Elmer Ripley , American basketball coach (d.1982 )July 27 –Ruby McKim , American quilter (d.1976 )[ 32] July 28 –Joe E. Brown , American actor, comedian (d.1973 )July 29 –Bernhard Zondek , German-born Israeli gynecologist, developer of first reliable pregnancy test (d.1966 )July 30 –Roderic Dallas , Australian World War I fighter ace (d.1918 )August 1 –Karl Kobelt , 2-time President of the Swiss Confederation (d.1968 )August 11 –Stancho Belkovski , Bulgarian architect, lecturer (d.1962 )August 13 –Ethel Roosevelt Derby , youngest daughter ofTheodore Roosevelt (d.1977 )August 14 –Ralph Barton , American artist (d.1931 )August 17 –Dulcie Mary Pillers , English medical illustrator (d.1961 )August 21 –Emiliano Mercado del Toro , Puerto Rican supercentenarian, oldest war veteran ever and last surviving person born in 1891 (d.2007 )August 23 –Minna Craucher , Finnish socialite andspy (d.1932 )[ 33] August 29 –Michael Chekhov , Russian-American actor, theatre director (d.1955 )September 12 –Pedro Albizu Campos , advocate of Puerto Rican independence (d.1965 )September 14 –William F. Friedman , American cryptographer (d.1969 )September 16 September 22 –Hans Albers , German actor, singer (d.1960 )September 22 –Alma Thomas , African-American painter (d.1978 )September 26 James Chadwick Frederick Banting Nelly Sachs Hu Shih October 12 –Fumimaro Konoe ,Prime Minister of Japan (d.1945 )October 13 –Irene Rich , American actress (d.1988 )October 15 –Tadashige Daigo , Japanese admiral (d.1947 )October 20 –James Chadwick , English physicist,Nobel Prize laureate (d.1974 )October 24 –Rafael Trujillo , dictator of the Dominican Republic (d.1961 )October 25 –Charles Coughlin , American Catholic priest, anti-Semitic radio host (d.1979 )October 28 –Ormer Locklear , American stunt pilot, film actor (d.1920 )November 4 –Orlando Ward , American general (d.1972 )November 7 November 10 –Carl W. Stalling , American musician (d.1972 )November 12 –Władysław Bortnowski , Polish historian and general (d.1966 )November 14 –Frederick Banting , Canadian physician, recipient of theNobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d.1941 )November 15 November 19 –Juan Yagüe , Spanish general (d.1952 )November 24 –Mariano Ospina Pérez , Colombian politician, 17thPresident of Colombia (d.1976 )November 28 –Gregorio Perfecto , Filipino jurist, politician (d.1949 )November 29 –Julius Raab ,Chancellor of Austria (d.1964 )December 4 –T. V. Soong ,Taiwanese businessman, politician (d.1971 )December 6 December 9 –Maksim Bahdanovič , Belarusian poet (d.1917 )[ 34] December 10 December 14 –Katherine MacDonald , American silent screen actress (d.1956 )December 17 –Hu Shih , Chinese liberal (d.1962 )December 19 –Edward Bernard Raczynski ,President of Poland (d.1993 )December 24 –Feodor Stepanovich Rojankovsky , Russian illustrator (d.1970 )December 25 December 26 –Henry Miller , American novelist (d.1980 )[ 36] December 29 –Béla Imrédy , 32nd Prime Minister of Hungary (d.1946 )Carl Johan Thyselius Nicolaus Otto Helena Petrovna Blavatsky John A. Macdonald Wilhelm Eduard Weber January 4 –Charles Keene , English artist and illustrator (b.1823 )January 5 –Emma Abbott , American opera singer (b.1849 )January 11 January 15 –John Wellborn Root , American architect (b.1850 )January 16 –Léo Delibes , French composer (b.1836 )January 20 –Kalākaua , last reigningKing of Hawaii (b.1836 )January 21 January 25 –Theo van Gogh , Dutch art dealer (b.1857 )January 26 –Nicolaus Otto , German engineer (b.1832 )February 4 –Pelagio Antonio de Labastida y Dávalos , Roman Catholicarchbishop and Mexican politician who served asregent during theSecond Mexican Empire , 1863-1864 (b.1816 )[ 37] February 10 –Sofia Kovalevskaya , Russian mathematician (b.1850 )February 13 –David Dixon Porter , American admiral (b.1813 )February 14 –William Tecumseh Sherman , American general (b.1820 )March 13 –Théodore de Banville , French writer (b.1823 )[ 38] March 15 –Sir Joseph Bazalgette , English civil engineer (b.1819 )[ 39] March 17 –Eduard Clam-Gallas , Austrian general (b.1805 )March 27 –James A. Ekin , Union Army general (b.1819 )March 29 –Georges Seurat , French painter (b.1859 )April 2 –Ahmed Vefik Pasha , Turkish statesman (b.1823 )April 7 –P. T. Barnum , American showman (b.1810 )April 9 –George Cavendish-Bentinck , British Conservative politician (b.1821 )April 24 –Helmuth von Moltke the Elder , Prussian field marshal (b.1800 )April 25 –Nathaniel Woodard , English educationalist (b.1811 )May 2 –Albany James Christie , BritishJesuit priest and academic (b.1817 )May 8 May 16 –Ion C. Brătianu , 2-Time Prime Minister of Romania (b.1821 )June 6 –John A. Macdonald , 1stPrime Minister of Canada , Father of Confederation (b.1815 )June 19 –David Settle Reid , American politician (b.1813 )June 23 –Samuel Newitt Wood , American politician (b.1825 )June 24 –Wilhelm Eduard Weber , German physicist (b.1804 )Herman Melville SaintAmbrose of Optina Prince Kuni Asahiko Arthur Rimbaud July 1 –Mihail Kogălniceanu , 3rd Prime Minister of Romania (b.1817 )July 4 –Hannibal Hamlin ,15th Vice President of the United States (b.1809 )July 20 –Sir Frederick Weld , 6th Prime Minister of New Zealand (b.1823 )July 24 –Hermann Raster , German-bornForty-Eighter , editor-in-chief of theIllinois Staats-Zeitung (b.1827 )August 12 –James Russell Lowell , American poet and essayist (b.1819 )[ 40] August 14 –Sarah Childress Polk ,First Lady of the United States (b.1803 )August 27 –Samuel C. Pomeroy , American politician, railroad executive (b.1816 )August 29 –Pierre Lallement , French inventor of thebicycle (b.1843 ?)September 4 –José María Urvina , 5th President of Ecuador (b.1808 )September 7 –Lorenzo Sawyer , 9th Chief Justice of theSupreme Court of California (b.1820 )September 11 –Antero de Quental , Portuguese poet (b.1842 )September 15 –Ivan Goncharov , Russian author (b.1812 )[ 41] September 19 –José Manuel Balmaceda , 10thPresident of Chile (b.1840 )September 28 –Herman Melville , American novelist (b.1819 )[ 42] September 30 –Georges Ernest Boulanger , French general, politician (b.1837 )October 6 October 15 –Lawrence Dudley Bailey , Americanabolitionist and jurist who served on theKansas Supreme Court from 1861 to 1869 (b.1819 )October 23 –Ambrose of Optina , Russian Orthodox saint (b.1812 )October 25 –Prince Kuni Asahiko of Japan (b.1824 )November 6 –J. Gregory Smith , Vermont governor (b.1818 )November 10 –Arthur Rimbaud , French poet (b.1854 )[ 43] November 17 –George H. Cooper , United States Navy admiral (b.1821 )November 28 –Sir James Corry, 1st Baronet , British politician (b.1826 )December 4 –Frederick Whitaker , English-New Zealand lawyer, politician and 5th Prime Minister of New Zealand (b.1812 )December 5 –Pedro II , 2nd and lastEmperor of Brazil (b.1825 )December 6 –Émile Bayard , French artist (b.1837 )December 7 –Mary Crane , American activist; mother of the writer,Stephen Crane (b.1827 )December 12 –Julia A. Ames , American reformer (b.1861 )December 17 –José María Iglesias , Mexican lawyer and journalist, interim president from1876 to 1877 (b.1823 )[ 44] December 20 –William Robert Woodman , British co-founder of the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn (b.1828 )December 29 –Leopold Kronecker , Polish-born German mathematician, academic (b.1823 )December 31 –Samuel Ajayi Crowther , 1st African Anglican bishop, linguist and legendary missionary (b.1809 )^ Naval Institute Proceedings ^ Revista Interamericana: Interamericana Review ^ Woodward, Antony; Penn, Robert (2007).The Wrong Kind of Snow . London: Hodder & Stoughton.ISBN 978-0-340-93787-7 ^ 562 passengers and crew fromUtopia and two rescue sailors fromHMSImmortalité -"The Dead of the Utopia" (PDF) .The New York Times Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. ^a b c Penguin Pocket On This Day . Penguin Reference Library. 2006.ISBN 0-14-102715-0 ^ Iwanczuk, Jorge (1992).Historia del Fútbol Amateur en la Argentina . Autores Editores.ISBN 9504343848 ^ "Blanco Encalada, fragata blindada (1º)" (in Spanish). Armada de Chile. Archived fromthe original on 3 December 2009. Retrieved27 October 2009 .^ Stem, Robert (2008).Destroyer Battles: Epics of Naval Close Combat ISBN 978-1473813564 ^ Stagebill ^ Pope Leo XIII (2002) [1891].Rerum Novarum: Encyclical on the Rights and Duties of Capital and Labour ISBN 978-1-86082-153-0 ^ "Host With The Most" .Time the original on June 16, 2010.^ Vesistörakentamisen historiaa - Suomen Kalakirjasto (in Finnish)^ "History" . ThyssenKrupp. RetrievedAugust 5, 2024 .^ "Stanford History - Facts" . RetrievedJuly 20, 2025 .^ Carroll, Sean B. (2009).Remarkable Creatures: Epic Adventures in the Search for the Origin of Species . London: Quercus. pp. 90– 91.ISBN 978-1-84916-072-8 ^ Lloyd, John ; Mitchinson, John (2010).The Second Book of General Ignorance . London: Faber. p. 163.ISBN 978-0-571-26965-5 ^ Heerding, A. (1986).The Origin of the Dutch Incandescent Lamp Industry 1 . Cambridge University Press.ISBN 0-521-32169-7 ^ Ellenberger, Allan (2001).Celebrities in Los Angeles cemeteries : a directory . Jefferson, N.C: McFarland. p. 225.ISBN 9780786409839 ^ Bloom, Harold (2003).Zora Neale Hurston . Philadelphia: Chelsea House. p. 129.ISBN 9781438115535 ^ 1891 at theEncyclopædia Britannica ^ Br. Dominic, MICM, Tert. (October 7, 2004)."Saint Miguel Pro, A Modern Martyr" .Catholicism.org . RetrievedNovember 29, 2021 . {{cite web }}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link )^ Bellamy, Richard (1993).Gramsci and the Italian state . Manchester, UK New York: Manchester University Press Distributed by St. Martin's Press. p. xiv.ISBN 9780719033421 ^ Forczyk, Robert (2011).Walther Model: Leadership, Strategy, Conflict . London: Bloomsbury. pp. 6– 7.ISBN 978-1-84908-357-7 OCLC 668188562 . ^ Magill, Frank (1999).Dictionary of world biography . London: Routledge. p. 4045.ISBN 9781579580483 ^ David Steinberg (August 1965). "Jose P. Laurel: A "Collaborator" Misunderstood".The Journal of Asian Studies .24 (4). Cambridge University Press:651– 665.doi :10.2307/2051111 .JSTOR 2051111 .S2CID 159495188 . ^ Flint, Peter B. (March 25, 1984)."Sam Jaffe, A Character Actor On Stage and Film, Dies at 93" .The New York Times the original ^ Fleming, E.J. (February 8, 2007).Wallace Reid: The Life And Death of a Hollywood Idol . McFarland & Company.ISBN 978-0786428151 ^ Pāppaṇṇā Paramēsvaran̲ (1991).Bharathidasan: Life ^ Nadine Natov (1985).Mikhail Bulgakov ISBN 978-0-8057-6598-4 ^ "Strongheart's Lineage" (PDF) .Sin-Wit-Ki .11 (3). Yakima, Washington: Yakama Nation Fish and Wildlife Resource Management Program: 12. Fall–Winter 2006. Archived fromthe original (PDF) on August 21, 2014. RetrievedAugust 24, 2014 .^ Powers, R.S.; Vogele, W.B.; Bond, D.; Kruegler, C. (1997).Protest, Power, and Change: An Encyclopedia of Nonviolent Action from ACT-UP to Women's Suffrage ISBN 978-1-136-76482-0 . RetrievedAugust 17, 2024 . ^ Fullerton Jones, Christina."Ruby Short McKim – The Quilters Hall of Fame" . RetrievedJuly 5, 2025 . ^ "Minna Craucher" .Time Magazine the original on October 27, 2010. RetrievedAugust 9, 2008 .^ Гістарычны шлях беларускай нацыі і дзяржавы ISBN 978-985-6783-06-0 ^ S. Lillian Kremer (2003).Holocaust Literature: Lerner to Zychlinsky, index ISBN 978-0-415-92984-4 ^ Lawrence Durrell; Henry Miller (September 1998).Durrell-Miller Letters, 1935-1980 ISBN 978-0-8112-1730-9 ^ "Excmo. Sr. Don Pelagio Antonio de Labastida y Dávalos (1855-1863)" (in Spanish). Arquidiocesis de Puebla. Archived fromthe original on May 29, 2019. RetrievedMay 29, 2019 .^ Merriam-Webster, Inc; MERRIAM-WEBSTER STAFF; Encyclopaedia Britannica Publishers, Inc. Staff (1995).Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of Literature ISBN 978-0-87779-042-6 ^ "BBC - History - Joseph Bazalgette" .www.bbc.co.uk . RetrievedMarch 18, 2022 .^ "The Last Tribute Paid. James Russell Lowell Laid At Rest. Buried Under Hornbeam Trees In The Spot He Had Himself Selected And Near The Grave Of Longfellow At Mount Auburn" .The New York Times . RetrievedMarch 23, 2010 .^ Chisholm, Hugh , ed. (1911)."Goncharov, Ivan Alexandrovich" Encyclopædia Britannica ^ Hershel Parker (1996).Herman Melville: A Biography ISBN 978-0-8018-8186-2 ^ Enid Starkie (1954).Arthur Rimbaud, 1854-1954 ^ "JOSÉ MARÍA IGLESIAS" (in Spanish). Presidencia de la Republica de Mexico. Archived fromthe original on May 30, 2019. RetrievedMay 30, 2019 .Appletons' Annual Cyclopaedia and Register of Important Events of the Year 1891: Embracing Political, Military, and Ecclesiastical Affairs; Public Documents; Biography, Statistics, Commerce, Finance, Literature, Science, Agriculture, and Mechanical Industry (1892); highly detailed compilation of facts and primary documents; worldwide coverage. not online.
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