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1876 Republican National Convention

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American political convention

1876 Republican National Convention
Convention
1876 presidential election
Nominees Hayes and Wheeler
Date(s)	June 14–16, 1876
City	Cincinnati,Ohio
Venue	Exposition Hall
Candidates
Presidential nominee	Rutherford B. Hayes ofOhio
Vice-presidential nominee	William A. Wheeler ofNew York
Other candidates	James G. Blaine Benjamin H. Bristow
‹ 1872 · 1880 ›

The1876 Republican National Convention was apresidential nominating convention held at theExposition Hall inCincinnati, Ohio on June 14–16, 1876. PresidentUlysses S. Grant had considered seeking a third term, but with various scandals, a poor economy and heavy Democratic gains in the House of Representatives that led many Republicans to repudiate him, he declined to run.^[1]^[2] The convention resulted in the nomination ofGovernor Rutherford B. Hayes ofOhio forpresident andRepresentative William A. Wheeler ofNew York forvice president.

The Republican ticket of Hayes and Wheeler went on to lose the popular vote to DemocratsSamuel J. Tilden andThomas A. Hendricks in theelection of 1876, but won the electoral vote after a controversy which was resolved by theCompromise of 1877.

Overview

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The convention was called to order byRepublican National Committee chairmanEdwin D. Morgan.Theodore M. Pomeroy served as the convention's temporary chairman andEdward McPherson served as permanent president.

The principal candidates at the convention included SenatorJames G. Blaine ofMaine, the formerSpeaker of the House; SenatorOliver P. Morton ofIndiana; Secretary of the TreasuryBenjamin H. Bristow ofKentucky; SenatorRoscoe Conkling ofNew York; GovernorRutherford B. Hayes ofOhio; and GovernorJohn F. Hartranft of Pennsylvania.James Russell Lowell, well-known poet and a professor atHarvard College, spoke on behalf of Hayes.^[3]

Two candidates, Benjamin Bristow andMarshall Jewell ofConnecticut, were serving as Cabinet members in theGrant administration.

Presidential nomination

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Presidential candidates

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Governor
Rutherford B. Hayes
ofOhio
FormerSpeaker
James G. Blaine
ofMaine
Treasury Secretary
Benjamin Bristow
ofKentucky
Senator
Oliver P. Morton
ofIndiana
Senator
Roscoe Conkling
ofNew York
Governor
John F. Hartranft
ofPennsylvania
Postmaster General
Marshall Jewell
ofConnecticut

Interior of theExposition Hall of Cincinnati during the announcement of Rutherford B. Hayes as the party's nominee for president

Blaine led after the first ballot, but had only 285 of the 378 delegates required to secure the nomination. Morton, Bristow, and Conkling each had around 100 delegates, while Hayes and Hartranft each had around 60. The second, third, and fourth ballots saw similar results, but Hayes began to surge on the fifth ballot, passing Morton and Conkling to secure third place after Blaine and Bristow. The sixth ballot saw Blaine rise to 308, but, with the other candidates fading, Hayes continued his surge, moving into second place. After the sixth ballot, the Bristow, Conkling, Morton, and Hartranft supporters withdrew their candidates' names from consideration, leaving Hayes as the sole focus of opposition to Blaine. With the other candidates gone, Hayes won a narrow majority on the seventh ballot and secured the nomination.

Presidential Ballot
Ballot	1st	2nd	3rd	4th	5th	6th	7th
Hayes	61	64	67	68	104	113	384
Blaine	285	296	293	292	286	308	351
Bristow	113	114	121	126	114	111	21
Morton	124	120	113	108	95	85	0
Conkling	99	93	90	84	82	81	0
Hartranft	58	63	68	71	69	50	0
Jewell	11	0	0	0	0	0	0
Washburne	0	1	1	3	3	4	0
Wheeler	3	3	2	2	2	2	0
Not Voting	2	2	1	2	1	2	0

Presidential Balloting / 3rd Day of Convention (June 16, 1876)

1st
Presidential Ballot
2nd
Presidential Ballot
3rd
Presidential Ballot
4th
Presidential Ballot
5th
Presidential Ballot
6th
Presidential Ballot
7th
Presidential Ballot

Vice Presidential nomination

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Vice Presidential candidates

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Representative
William A. Wheeler
ofNew York
Senator
Frederick Frelinghuysen
ofNew Jersey
Postmaster General
Marshall Jewell
ofConnecticut
FormerRepresentative
Stewart L. Woodford
ofNew York
(Declined)
FormerRepresentative
Joseph R. Hawley
ofConnecticut

Five names were presented to the convention for the vice presidential nomination.Stewart L. Woodford ofNew York withdrew his own name from consideration as it was not done at his suggestion.

RepresentativeWilliam A. Wheeler ofNew York was thirteen votes shy of a majority on a partial first ballot when the rules were suspended so that he could be nominated by acclamation. Wheeler defeatedFrederick T. Frelinghuysen ofNew Jersey, Marshall Jewell andJoseph R. Hawley ofConnecticut for the nomination.

Vice Presidential Ballot^[4]
Ballot	1st (Partial Roll-Call)
Wheeler	366
Frelinghuysen	89
Jewell	86
Woodford	70
Hawley	25
Not Called	120

Vice Presidential Balloting / 3rd Day of Convention (June 16, 1876)

1st
Vice Presidential Ballot
(Partial)

References

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^McFeely, William S. (1981).Grant: A Biography. Norton. pp. 440–441.ISBN 0-393-01372-3.
^Patrick, Rembert W. (1968).The Reconstruction of the Nation.New York: Oxford University Press. p. 255.ISBN 0-195-01016-7.
^Heymann, C. David (1980).American Aristocracy: The Lives and Times of James Russell, Amy, and Robert Lowell. New York: Dodd, Mead & Company. p. 136.ISBN 0-396-07608-4.
^Republican party. National convention. 6th, Cincinnati; Clancy, A. M.; Nelson, William (10 April 1876)."Proceedings of the Republican national convention, held at Cincinnati, Ohio ... June 14, 15, and 16, 1876 ." Concord, N.H., Republic press association. Retrieved10 April 2018 – via Internet Archive.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

External links

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Republican Party Platform of 1876 atThe American Presidency Project
Proceedings of the Republican National Convention, Held at Cincinnati, Ohio, Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday, June 14, 15, and 16, 1876

Preceded by
1872
Philadelphia

Republican National Conventions

Succeeded by
1880
Chicago

v t e Rutherford B. Hayes
19th President of the United States (1877–1881) 29th and 32nd Governor of Ohio (1868–1872, 1876–1877)
Life	23rd Ohio Infantry Regiment Kanawha Division Battle of South Mountain Army of West Virginia Battle of Cloyd's Mountain Ohio State University Spiegel Grove 1876 United States presidential election 1876 Republican National Convention Compromise of 1877 Electoral Commission Oakwood Cemetery
Presidency	Red Room Inauguration of Rutherford B. Hayes United States Civil Service Commission Star Route scandal Great Railroad Strike of 1877 Baltimore railroad strike of 1877 Specie Payment Resumption Act Posse Comitatus Act Villa Hayes Presidente Hayes Department Chinese Exclusion Act List of federal judges appointed by Rutherford B. Hayes
Public image	Rutherford B. Hayes Presidential Center USSPresident Hayes These Are My Jewels Laudo Hayes Firm Day Club Presidente Hayes Hayes County, Nebraska Rutherford B. Hayes High School University, Hayes and Orton Halls
Family	Lucy Webb Hayes (wife) Webb Hayes (son) Rutherford P. Hayes (son)
← Ulysses S. Grant James A. Garfield → Category

(← 1872)1876 United States presidential election (1880 →)

Republican Party
(Convention)

Nominees	President:Rutherford B. Hayes Vice President:William A. Wheeler
Other candidates	James G. Blaine Benjamin Bristow Oliver P. Morton Roscoe Conkling John F. Hartranft Marshall Jewell Elihu B. Washburne William A. Wheeler Ulysses S. Grant (incumbent)

Democratic Party
(Convention)

Nominees	President:Samuel J. Tilden Vice President:Thomas A. Hendricks
Other candidates	Thomas A. Hendricks Winfield S. Hancock William Allen Thomas F. Bayard Joel Parker

Third-party andindependent candidates
Greenback Party	Nominee:Peter Cooper VP nominee:Samuel F. Cary Other candidates:Andrew Curtin William Allen
Prohibition Party	Nominee:Green C. Smith VP nominee:Gideon T. Stewart
American Party	Nominee: James Walker VP nominee: Donald Kirkpatrick

See also:Electoral Commission
Other 1876 elections:House
Senate

Republican Party

History

Presidential
tickets,
national
conventions,
and
presidential
primaries

Presidential
administrations

Lincoln (1861–1865)
Johnson (1865–1868)
Grant (1869–1877)
Hayes (1877–1881)
Garfield (1881)
Arthur (1881–1885)
Harrison (1889–1893)
McKinley (1897–1901)
Roosevelt (1901–1909)
Taft (1909–1913)
Harding (1921–1923)
Coolidge (1923–1929)
Hoover (1929–1933)
Eisenhower (1953–1961)
Nixon (1969–1974)
Ford (1974–1977)
Reagan (1981–1989)
G. H. W. Bush (1989–1993)
G. W. Bush (2001–2009)
Trump (2017–2021;2025–present)

U.S. Senate
leaders
and
Conference
chairs

J. P. Hale (1859–1862)
Anthony (1862–1884)
Sherman (1884–1885)
Edmunds (1885–1891)
Sherman (1891–1897)
Allison (1897–1908)
E. Hale (1908–1911)
Cullom (1911–1913)
Gallinger (1913–1918)
Lodge (1918–1924)
Curtis (1924–1929)
Watson (1929–1933)
McNary (1933–1940)
Austin (1940–1941)
McNary (1941–1944)
White (1944–1949)
Wherry (1949–1952)
Bridges (1952–1953)
Taft (1953)
Knowland (1953–1959)
Dirksen (1959–1969)
Scott (1969–1977)
Baker (1977–1979)
Stevens (1979–1980)
Baker (1980–1985)
Dole (1985–1996)
Lott (1996–2003)
Frist (2003–2007)
McConnell (2007–2025)
Thune (2025–present)

U.S. House
leaders,
Speakers,
and
Conference
chairs

Pennington (1860–1861)
Grow (1861–1863)
Colfax (1863–1869)
Pomeroy (1869)
Blaine (1869–1875)
McCrary (1875–1877)
Hale (1877–1879)
Frye (1879–1881)
Keifer (1881–1883)
Cannon (1883–1889)
Reed (1889–1891)
T. J. Henderson (1891–1895)
Reed (1895–1899)
D. B. Henderson (1899–1903)
Cannon (1903–1911)
Mann (1911–1919)
Gillett (1919–1925)
Longworth (1925–1931)
Snell (1931–1939)
Martin (1939–1959)
Halleck (1959–1965)
Ford (1965–1973)
Rhodes (1973–1981)
Michel (1981–1995)
Gingrich (1995–1999)
Hastert (1999–2007)
Boehner (2007–2015)
Ryan (2015–2019)
McCarthy (2019–2023)
Johnson (2023–present)

RNC

Chairs

Chair elections

Parties by
state and
territory

State

Territory

Affiliated
organizations

Congress	House Conference Legislative Digest Steering and Policy Committees Senate Conference Policy Committee Factions Freedom Caucus Problem Solvers Caucus Republican Governance Group Republican Study Committee
Campaign committees	National Republican Congressional Committee National Republican Redistricting Trust National Republican Senatorial Committee Republican Attorneys General Association Republican Governors Association
Constituency groups	College Republicans Chairmen Congressional Hispanic Conference Log Cabin Republicans National Black Republican Association Republican Hindu Coalition Republican Jewish Coalition Republican Muslim Coalition Republican National Hispanic Assembly Republicans Abroad Teen Age Republicans Young Republicans Republicans Overseas
Factional groups	Republican Main Street Partnership Republican Majority for Choice Republican Liberty Caucus Republican National Coalition for Life ConservAmerica Liberty Caucus Ripon Society The Wish List

Reconstruction era

Participants

Federal government	Presidents Abraham Lincoln Andrew Johnson Ulysses S. Grant Rutherford B. Hayes Congress 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 Radical Republicans Moderate Republicans Conservative Republicans African-American senators African-American representatives Reconstruction Amendments United States Congressional Joint Committee on Reconstruction United States House Select Committee on Reconstruction Federal judiciary Taney Court Chase Court Waite Court Federal bureaucracy Edwin Stanton Freedmen's Bureau Justice Department
State governments	Southern United States Confederate States of America
Others	African Americans Free people of color Freedman Politicians Carpetbaggers Ku Klux Klan Scalawag Redeemers White League Red Shirts Democratic Party Bourbon Democrat Horatio Seymour Samuel J. Tilden Republican Party Stalwarts Charles Sumner Thaddeus Stevens Lyman Trumbull Benjamin Wade John Bingham James Mitchell Ashley Freedman's Savings Bank Women during the Reconstruction era

Elections

Presidential	1864 DNC National Union Convention Radical Democratic Party 1868 DNC RNC 1872 DNC RNC Liberal Republican Party Straight-Out Democratic Party Victoria Woodhull 1876 DNC RNC Greenback Convention Prohibition Convention Electoral Commission Compromise of 1877
U.S. Senate	1864–65 1866–67 1868–69 1870–71 1872–73 1874–75 1876–77
U.S. House	1864–65 1866–67 1868–69 1870–71 1872–73 1874–75 1876–77
Gubernatorial	1863 Alabama California Connecticut Kentucky Massachusetts Minnesota New Hampshire Ohio Pennsylvania Virginia Vermont Wisconsin West Virginia 1864 Connecticut Illinois Indiana Louisiana Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Missouri New Hampshire Vermont West Virginia 1865 Connecticut Florida Louisiana Massachusetts Minnesota New Jersey Ohio South Carolina Vermont Wisconsin 1866 Connecticut Delaware Massachusetts Maine Michigan North Carolina Oregon Pennsylvania Texas Vermont West Virginia 1867 California Connecticut Kentucky Massachusetts Maryland Maine Minnesota Ohio Vermont Wisconsin 1868 Alabama Connecticut Florida Illinois Indiana Kentucky (special) Louisiana Massachusetts Maine Michigan Missouri North Carolina New Jersey South Carolina Vermont West Virginia 1869 Connecticut Iowa Massachusetts Maine Minnesota Mississippi Ohio Pennsylvania Rhode Island Virginia Vermont Wisconsin 1870 Alabama Connecticut Delaware Massachusetts Maine Michigan Missouri Oregon Rhode Island South Carolina Vermont West Virginia 1871 California Connecticut Iowa Kentucky Massachusetts Maryland Maine Minnesota New Jersey Ohio Rhode Island Wisconsin 1872 Alabama Connecticut Florida Illinois Indiana Louisiana Massachusetts Maine Michigan Missouri North Carolina Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina Vermont West Virginia 1873 Connecticut Iowa Massachusetts Maine Minnesota Mississippi Ohio Texas Virginia Wisconsin 1874 Alabama Connecticut Delaware Kansas Massachusetts Maine Michigan Missouri New Jersey Nevada Oregon South Carolina Vermont 1875 California Connecticut Iowa Kentucky Massachusetts Maryland Maine Minnesota Ohio Ohio Wisconsin 1876 Alabama Colorado ConnecticutApril ConnecticutNovember Florida Illinois Indiana Kansas Louisiana Massachusetts Maine Michigan Missouri North Carolina Rhode Island South Carolina Vermont West Virginia
U.S. elections	1864 1866 1868 1870 1872 1874 1876

Key events

Prelude	American Indian Wars Slavery in the United States A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792) The Equality of the Sexes and the Condition of Women (1838) Woman in the Nineteenth Century (1839) Seneca Falls Convention (1848) National Women's Rights Convention (1850) American Civil War Confiscation Act of 1861 Confiscation Act of 1862 District of Columbia Compensated Emancipation Act (1862) Militia Act of 1862
1863	Emancipation Proclamation General Order No. 143 Lincoln's presidential Reconstruction Ten percent plan National Bank Act Women's Loyal National League New York City draft riots 1863 State of the Union Address
1864	Wade–Davis Bill 1864 elections 1864 State of the Union Address
1865	13th Amendment Second inauguration of Abraham Lincoln Address Black Codes Special Field Orders No. 15 Freedmen's Bureau Freedmen's Bureau bills Confederates surrender at Appomattox Assassination of Abraham Lincoln Shaw University New Departure 1865 State of the Union Address Founding of the Ku Klux Klan
1866	Civil Rights Act of 1866 Memphis massacre of 1866 New Orleans Massacre of 1866 Swing Around the Circle Southern Homestead Act of 1866 Fort Smith Conference and Cherokee Reconstruction Treaty of 1866 Choctaw and Chickasaw Treaty of Washington of 1866 Tennessee readmitted to Union Petition for Universal Freedom National Labor Union Ex parte Garland Ex parte Milligan Slave Kidnapping Act of 1866 1866 elections
1867	Tenure of Office Act Command of Army Act Indian Peace Commission Knights of the White Camelia Pulaski riot Reconstruction Acts Reconstruction military districts Constitutional conventions of 1867 Habeas Corpus Act of 1867 Peonage Act of 1867 First impeachment inquiry into Andrew Johnson 1867 State of the Union Address
1868	14th Amendment Second impeachment inquiry into Andrew Johnson Impeachment of Andrew Johnson Timeline Impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson Impeachment managers investigation Articles of impeachment Arkansas readmitted to Union Florida readmitted to Union North Carolina readmitted to Union South Carolina readmitted to Union Louisiana readmitted to Union Alabama readmitted to Union Opelousas massacre Fourth Reconstruction Act Georgia v. Stanton 1868 elections 1868 State of the Union Address
1869	National Woman Suffrage Association American Woman Suffrage Association Alabama Claims Proposed annexation of Santo Domingo Board of Indian Commissioners Public Credit Act of 1869 Black Friday (1869) Ex parte McCardle First transcontinental railroad 1869 State of the Union Address
1870	15th Amendment Enforcement Act of 1870 Justice Department Naturalization Act of 1870 Kirk–Holden war Shoffner Act 1870 elections 1870 State of the Union Address
1871	Ku Klux Klan hearings Second Enforcement Act Ku Klux Klan Act Alcorn State University Meridian race riot of 1871 Treaty of Washington New York custom house ring Civil service commission United States expedition to Korea 1871 State of the Union Address
1872	General Mining Act of 1872 Crédit Mobilier scandal Modoc War Star Route scandal Salary Grab Act Amnesty Act 1872 elections 1872 State of the Union Address
1873	Panic of 1873 Colfax massacre Timber Culture Act Slaughter-House Cases Virginius Affair Coinage Act of 1873 Long Depression Comstock laws 1873 State of the Union Address
1874	Brooks–Baxter War Battle of Liberty Place Coushatta massacre Red River War Timber Culture Act White League Election Massacre of 1874 Vicksburg massacre Black Hills Gold Rush Sanborn incident Anti-Moiety Acts 1874 elections 1874 State of the Union Address
1875	United States v. Cruikshank Civil Rights Act of 1875 Red Shirts Mississippi Plan Clifton Riot of 1875 Yazoo City Riot of 1875 Specie Payment Resumption Act Whiskey Ring Wheeler Compromise Delano affair Pratt & Boyd 1875 State of the Union Address
1876	Hamburg massacre South Carolina civil disturbances of 1876 Ellenton massacre Great Sioux War of 1876 Battle of the Little Bighorn United States v. Reese Trader post scandal Centennial Exposition Cattellism Safe burglary conspiracy 1876 elections 1876 State of the Union Address
1877	Electoral Commission Compromise of 1877 Nez Perce War Desert Land Act Great Railroad Strike of 1877
Aftermath	Posse Comitatus Act (1878) Civil Rights Cases (1883) United States v. Harris (1883) Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) Williams v. Mississippi (1898) Wilmington massacre Giles v. Harris (1903) Disenfranchisement

Aspects

Historiography	Bibliography of the Reconstruction era James Shepherd Pike The Prostrate State (1874) James Bryce The American Commonwealth (1888) Claude G. Bowers The Tragic Era (1929) Columbia University John Burgess Walter L. Fleming Dunning School William Archibald Dunning Charles A. Beard Howard K. Beale W. E. B. Du Bois Black Reconstruction in America (1935) C. Vann Woodward Joel Williamson William R. Brock The American Crisis (1963) John Hope Franklin From Slavery to Freedom (1947) After Slavery (1965) Leon Litwack Been in the Storm So Long (1979) Eric Foner Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877 (1988) Kenneth M. Stampp Steven Hahn A Nation Under Our Feet (2003) The Second Founding: How the Civil War and Reconstruction Remade the Constitution (2019)
Memory	Winslow Homer A Visit from the Old Mistress (1876) Thomas Dixon Jr. The Leopard's Spots (1902) The Clansman: A Historical Romance of the Ku Klux Klan (1905) D. W. Griffith The Birth of a Nation (1915) United Daughters of the Confederacy Gone with the Wind (1939) David W. Blight Race and Reunion (2001)
Legacy	Women's suffrage in the United States Labor history of the United States Gilded Age Jim Crow era Civil rights movement American frontier
Other topics	African American founding fathers of the United States Forty acres and a mule Habeas corpus History of the United States (1865–1917) Paramilitary Race (human categorization) Reconstruction Treaties Suffrage Technological and industrial history of the United States White supremacy Whitecapping