Calendar year
1875 by topic Humanities By country Other topics Lists of leaders Birth and death categories Establishments and disestablishments categories Works category
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1875 .
1875 (MDCCCLXXV ) was acommon year starting on Friday of theGregorian calendar and acommon year starting on Wednesday of theJulian calendar , the 1875th year of theCommon Era (CE) andAnno Domini 2nd millennium , the 75th year of the19th century , and the 6th year of the1870s decade. As of the start of 1875, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Calendar year
February 3 –Third Carlist War : Battle of Lácar – Carlist commanderTorcuato Mendíri secures a brilliant victory, when he surprises and routs a Government force under General Enrique Bargés at Lácar, east of Estella, nearly capturing newly crowned King Alfonso XII. The Carlists take several pieces of artillery, more than 2,000 rifles, and 300 prisoners. 800 men of both sides are killed (mostly government troops).February 18 – TheMason County War begins, as a German-American mob breaks into a prison, and lynches cattle rustlers in centralTexas .February 24 – TheSS Gothenburg sinks off Australia's east coast with the loss of approximately 102 lives, including a number of high-profile civil servants and dignitaries.February 25 – The majority of theYavapai (Wipukyipai) andTonto Apache (Dil Zhéé) tribes are forced by theUnited States Cavalry , under command of Brigadier GeneralGeorge Crook , to walk at gunpoint fromArizona 'sVerde Valley , to theSan Carlos Apache Indian Reservation , 180 miles to the southeast. The two tribes are not allowed to return to the Verde Valley until1900 .February 27 –Newton Booth , 11thGovernor of California , resigns, having been electedSenator .Lieutenant Governor of California Romualdo Pacheco becomes acting Governor. He is later replaced by elected governorWilliam Irwin .June 4 – Two American colleges play each other in arguably the first game ofcollege football :[ 4] Tufts University andHarvard University atJarvis Field inCambridge, Massachusetts .June 18 – TheDublin whiskey fire in Ireland leaves 13 people dead and causes more than €6 million worth of damage.June 29 – TheArtisans' and Labourers' Dwellings Improvement Act 1875 is passed in the United Kingdom, to permitslum clearance .June –The record-setting Americanclipper Flying Cloud 1851 is burned for scrap metal. Third Carlist War in Spain: Two government armies under General Quesada and Martínez Campos start encroaching on Carlist territory. Both they and their Carlist opponent (Mendiri) drive opposing sympathisers from their homes, and burn crops in areas they can not hold. Several Carlist generals (Dorregaray, Savalls, and others) are unjustly put on trial for disloyalty. Mendiri is also removed from his command, and replaced by the Count of Caserta. Despite having 48 infantry battalions, 3 cavalry regiments, 2 engineer battalions, and 100 pieces of artillery at his disposal, Caserta is heavily outnumbered by the government forces opposing him.Convent Scandal: During the winter in Montreal,typhoid fever strikes at aconvent school . The corpses of the victims are filched bybody-snatchers before relatives arrive from America, causing much furor.[ 13] [ 14] AtWimbledon , Henry Cavendish Jones convinces the All England Croquet Club to replace a croquet lawn with a lawn tennis court. British Indian Army officerNeville Chamberlain originates the cue sport ofsnooker at Jubbulpore (Jabalpur ) in India.[ 15] The opening ofFlushing High School , the oldest public high school in New York City. Thomas Hicks KingIbn Saud Albert Schweitzer January 3 –Alexandros Diomidis , Prime Minister of Greece (d.1950 )January 5 –J. Stuart Blackton , American film producer (d.1941 )January 6 –Leslie Green , English architect (d.1908 )January 9 –Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney , American sculptor, socialite (d.1942 )January 11 –Reinhold Glière , Russian composer (d.1956 )January 14 January 15 January 22 –D. W. Griffith , American film director (The Birth of a Nation 1948 )February 1 –Eddie Polo , Austrian-American actor (d.1961 )February 2 –Fritz Kreisler , Austrian violinist (d.1962 )February 4 –Ludwig Prandtl , German physicist (d.1953 )February 7 –Erkki Melartin , Finnish composer (d.1937 )February 8 –Valentine O'Hara , Irish author, authority on Russia and theBaltic states (d.1941 )February 21 –Jeanne Calment , French supercentenarian, world's longest lived person (d.1997 )February 26 –Emma Dunn , British-born stage, screen actress (d.1966 )Syngman Rhee March 4 –Mihály Károlyi ,Prime Minister andPresident of Hungary (d.1955 )March 7 –Maurice Ravel , French composer (d.1937 )March 8 –Kenkichi Ueda , Japanese general (d.1962 )March 9 March 19 –Zhang Zuolin , Chinese bandit, soldier, and warlord (d.1928 )March 26 –Syngman Rhee ,President of South Korea (d.1965 )March 28 –Helen Westley , American stage, film actress (d.1942 )April 1 –Edgar Wallace , English author (d.1932 )April 2 –Walter Chrysler , American automobile pioneer (d.1940 )April 4 April 5 –Mistinguett , French singer (d.1956 )April 8 – KingAlbert I of Belgium (d.1934 )April 9 –Kristian Laake , Norwegian general (d.1950 )[ 17] April 15 –James J. Jeffries , American boxer (d.1953 )April 18 –Abd-ru-shin , German author (d.1941 )Krishna Chandra Bhattacharya Thomas Mann May 2 –Owen Roberts ,Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d.1955 )May 6 –William D. Leahy , American admiral (d.1959 )May 11 –Harriet Quimby , American pilot (d.1912 )May 12 May 23 –Alfred P. Sloan , American automobile industrialist (d.1966 )June 4 –Albert E. Smith , English stage magician, film director and producer (d.1958 )June 6 June 9 –Henry Hallett Dale , English pharmacologist and physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d.1968 )June 12 –Sam De Grasse , Canadian actor (d.1953 )June 15 –Herman Smith-Johannsen , Norwegian supercentenarian (d.1987 )June 24 –Diedrich Westermann , German linguist (d.1956 )June 28 –Henri Lebesgue , French mathematician (d.1941 )Carl Jung Katharine McCormick July 3 July 10 July 25 –Jim Corbett , Anglo-Indian hunter, conservationist and author (d.1955 )July 26 August 8 –Artur Bernardes , 12th President of Brazil (d.1955 )August 10 –Florrie Forde , Australian-born music hall singer (d.1940 )August 15 –Samuel Coleridge-Taylor , English composer (d.1912 )August 16 –Juho Sunila , Prime Minister of Finland (d.1936 )August 21 –Winnifred Eaton , Canadian author (d.1954 )August 26 –John Buchan , Scottish-Canadian novelist, historian and politician, 15thGovernor General of Canada (d. 1940)August 27 –Katharine McCormick , American suffragist (d.1967 )August 29 –Leonardo De Lorenzo , Italian flautist (d.1962 )August 31 –Rosa Lemberg , Namibian-born Finnish American teacher, singer and choral conductor (d.1959 )[ 18] Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis September 1 –Edgar Rice Burroughs , American fiction writer (d.1950 )September 3 –Ferdinand Porsche , Austrian automotive engineer (d.1951 )September 16 –James Cash Penney , American businessman, founder ofJ. C. Penney (d.1971 )September 18 –Tomás Burgos , Chilean philanthropist (d.1945 )September 20 –Matthias Erzberger , German politician (assassinated1921 )[ 19] September 22 –Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis , Lithuanian composer (d.1911 )October 1 –Eugeen Van Mieghem , Belgian painter (d.1930 )October 12 –Aleister Crowley , British occultist (d.1947 )October 18 –James Emman Kwegyir Aggrey , Ghanaian-born educationalist (d.1927 )October 19 –George Ranetti , Romanian poet, publicist (d.1928 )October 23 –Gilbert N. Lewis , American chemist (d.1946 )October 31 –Vallabhbhai Patel , Indian political leader ("Iron Man of India") (d.1950 )Gregorio del Pilar Theodor Innitzer November 6 –Marie Celeste , American soprano and actress (d.1954 )November 8 –Qiu Jin , Chinese revolutionary, writer and feminist (executed1907 )November 14 –Gregorio del Pilar , Filipino general (k. in action1899 )November 17 –Birger Eriksen , Norwegian military officer, sinker of theBlücher (d.1958 )November 30 –Otto Strandman , 1st Prime Minister of Estonia (d.1941 )December 4 –Rainer Maria Rilke , Austrian poet (d.1926 )December 5 –Arthur Currie , Canadian general (d.1933 )December 6 –Evelyn Underhill , British writer (d.1941 )December 11 –Yehuda Leib Maimon , Bassarabian-born Israeli rabbi, government minister (d.1962 )December 12 –Gerd von Rundstedt , German field marshal (d.1953 )December 15 –Emilio Jacinto , Filipino poet, revolutionary (d.1899 )December 19 –Mileva Marić , Albert Einstein's first wife (d.1948 )December 24 –Otto Ender , 8th Chancellor of Austria (d.1960 )December 25 –Theodor Innitzer , Austrian Catholic cardinal (d.1955 )Tongzhi Emperor Jean-François Millet Georges Bizet January 12 –Tongzhi Emperor , 8th emperor ofQing dynasty (b.1856 )January 20 –Jean-François Millet , French painter (b.1814 )January 23 –Charles Kingsley , English writer (b.1819 )February 5 –Birgitte Andersen , Danish actress and ballet dancer (b.1791 )February 7 –Edmund Spangler , American stagehand atFord's Theatre (b.1825 )February 22 March 1 –Tristan Corbière , French poet (b.1845 )April 4 –Karl Mauch , German explorer (b.1837 )April 17 –Marija Milutinović Punktatorka , Serbian lawyer (b.1810 )April 25 – the12th Dalai Lama (b.1857 )May 17 –John C. Breckinridge ,14th Vice President of the United States ,Confederate States Secretary of War (b.1821 )May 20 –Amalia of Oldenburg , Greek queen (b.1818 )May 31 –Eliphas Lévi , French occult author, magician (b.1810 )June 2 –Józef Kremer , Polish philosopher (b.1806 )June 3 –Georges Bizet , French composer (b.1838 )June 4 –Eduard Mörike , German poet (b.1804 )June 25 –Antoine-Louis Barye , French sculptor (b.1796 )June 29 –Ferdinand I of Austria , Emperor of Austria (b.1793 )Aleksey Konstantinovich Tolstoy Maximilian Piotrowski July 8 –Francis Preston Blair Jr. , American politician, Civil War officer (b.1821 )July 29 –Paschal Beverly Randolph , American occultist (b.1825 )July 30 –George Pickett , American Confederate general (b.1825 )July 31 –Andrew Johnson , 17thPresident of the United States (b.1808 )August 4 –Hans Christian Andersen , Danish writer (b.1805 )August 6 –Gabriel García Moreno ,President of Ecuador (b.1821 )August 10 –Karl Andree , German geographer (b.1808 )August 11 –William Alexander Graham ,United States Senator fromNorth Carolina , (1840–1843),Confederate States Senator (1864–1865) (b.1804 )August 12 –János Kardos ,Hungarian Slovenes evangelic priest, teacher and writer (b.1801 )August 16 –Prince Karl Theodor of Bavaria , Bavarian field marshal (b.1795 )August 17 –Wilhelm Bleek , German linguist (b.1827 )August 25 –Charles Auguste Frossard , French general (b.1807 )August 27 –William Chapman Ralston , American banker and financier (b.1826 )September 12 –Chauncey Wright , American philosopher and mathematician (b.1830 )September 22 –Charles Bianconi , Italian-Irish entrepreneur (b.1786 )October 10 –Aleksey Konstantinovich Tolstoy , Russian writer (b.1817 )October 12 –Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux , French sculptor, painter (b.1827 )October 15 – ChiefLone Horn , Native American Chief (b.1790 )October 19 –Sir Charles Cowper , Australian politician,Premier of New South Wales (b.1807 )October 24 –Jacques Paul Migne , French priest, theologian, and publisher (b.1800 )November 14 –Werner Munzinger , Swiss adventurer (b.1832 )November 21 –Orris S. Ferry , American Civil War general and politician (b.1823 )November 22 –Henry Wilson ,18th Vice President of the United States (b.1812 )November 24 –William Backhouse Astor, Sr. , American businessman (b.1792 )November 27 –Richard Christopher Carrington , English astronomer (b.1826 )November 29 –Maximilian Piotrowski , Polish painter,Kunstakademie Königsberg professor (b.1813 )December 13 –Théonie Rivière Mignot , American restaurateur and businesswoman (b.1819 )December 25 –Young Tom Morris , Scottish golfer (b.1851 )^ Gold, Martin (2012).Forbidden Citizens: Chinese Exclusion and the U.S. Congress: A Legislative History . TheCapitol.Net. p. 525. ^ Lockwood, Jeffrey A. (2004).Locust: the Devastating Rise and Mysterious Disappearance of the Insect that Shaped the American Frontier . New York: Basic Books.ISBN 0-7382-0894-9 ^ "II. PERIOD BEFORE 1905" .Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan .Archived from the original on March 1, 2024. RetrievedJuly 18, 2025 .^ Smith, Ronald A. (1988).Sports and Freedom: The Rise of Big-Time College Athletics ^ ja:田中久重/田中製造所の設立と晩年 (Japanese language edition) Retribute date 4 December 2018.^ "The Origins of Hibernian - Part 1" .Hibernian FC: The Official Website . August 11, 2009. Archived fromthe original on March 4, 2014. RetrievedFebruary 27, 2014 .^ "Aleksis Kivi" .Naytelmat.fi (in Finnish). RetrievedSeptember 24, 2023 .^ "The Early Years 1875-1904" (PDF) .When Football Was Football . Haynes. RetrievedJanuary 3, 2015 .^ "1875–1884: The early years" . Blackburn Rovers F.C. July 2, 2007. Archived fromthe original on March 9, 2009. RetrievedJuly 1, 2011 .^ "The Purpose of the Foundation of Doshisha University | About Doshisha | Doshisha University" .www.doshisha.ac.jp . RetrievedJanuary 19, 2021 .^ This inspiresGerard Manley Hopkins ' poemThe Wreck of the Deutschland 1918 . ^ "Disasters – Names" . Durham Mining Museum. Archived fromthe original on December 3, 2008. RetrievedOctober 15, 2010 .^ Gordon, Richard (1994).The Alarming History of Medicine 12 .ISBN 0-312-10411-1 ^ History of Medicine Days Archived 2004-06-15 at theWayback Machine , p. 132.^ Moreman, T. R. (May 2006) [2004]. "Chamberlain, Sir Neville Francis Fitzgerald (1856–1944)".Oxford Dictionary of National Biography doi :10.1093/ref:odnb/73766 . (Subscription,Wikipedia Library access orUK public library membership required.) ^ Thompson, Oscar (1975).The International Cyclopedia of Music and Musicians ISBN 978-0-460-04235-2 ^ Agøy, Nils Ivar ."Kristian Laake" . InHelle, Knut (ed.).Norsk biografisk leksikon . RetrievedSeptember 25, 2010 .^ Leitzinger, Antero (June 22, 2011)."Clay, Rosa Emilia (1875 - 1959)" .Finnish Literature Society . RetrievedJune 27, 2023 . ^ Brustein, William (1996).The Logic of Evil: The Social Origins of the Nazi Party, 1925-1933 ISBN 978-0-300-07432-1 ^ "Sir Charles Lyell (1797-1875)" .National Records of Scotland . May 31, 2013. Archived fromthe original on October 28, 2021. RetrievedOctober 28, 2021 .1875 Annual Cyclopedia (1876)
