Movatterモバイル変換

Jump to content

1874 in science

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Overview of the events of 1874 in science

List of years in science

+...

v
t
e

1874 in science
1873 1875
Fields
Archaeology
Technology
Sustainable energy research Transportation technology
Social sciences
Psychology Governance and policy studies
Paleontology
Dinosaurs' extinction
Extraterrestrial environment
Terrestrial environment
Tornado research
Other/related
Birding/ornithology Literature Timeline of cosmological theories List of open letters by academics History of technology by type List of science timelines
v t e

The year1874 inscience andtechnology involved some significant events, listed below.

Astronomy

December 9 – atransit of Venus across theSun is observed in Muddapur, India, by an astronomical expedition led byPietro Tacchini

Chemistry

Per Teodor Cleve discovers thatdidymium is in fact two elements, now known asneodymium andpraseodymium
C. R. Alder Wright synthesizesheroin
Othmar Zeidler synthesisesDDT^[1]
Carl Schorlemmer publishesA Manual of Chemistry of the Carbon Compounds; or, Organic Chemistry^[2]
Jacobus van 't Hoff andAchille Le Bel independently propose that organicmolecular models can be three-dimensional^[3]

Exploration

February – theChallenger expedition provides geological evidence for the existence of the continent ofAntarctica^[4]^[5]

History of science

John William Draper publishesHistory of the Conflict between Religion and Science

Mathematics

Georg Cantor's paper, "Ueber eine Eigenschaft des Inbegriffes aller reellen algebraischen Zahlen" ("On a Property of the Collection of All Real Algebraic Numbers"), published inCrelle's Journal, considered as the origin ofset theory^[6]
William Stanley Jevons publishes his comprehensive treatise onlogic,The Principles of Science^[7]
Sofia Kovalevskaya is awarded adoctorate in mathematics at theUniversity of Göttingen, the first woman in Europe to hold that degree. Her submission includes a paper onpartial differential equations containing a presentation of theCauchy-Kovalevski theorem^[8]

Medicine

April 1 – DrFrances Morgan marries Dr George Hoggan and they set up the first husband-and-wifegeneral medical practice in the United Kingdom^[9]
Autumn –London School of Medicine for Women founded^[10]
A. T. Still introducesosteopathic medicine in the United States^[11]

Neuroscience

Vladimir Alekseyevich Betz describes giantpyramidal cells in themotor cortex, later calledBetz cells

Physics

James Clerk Maxwell produces a model ofMaxwell's thermodynamic surface^[12]

Psychology

Franz Brentano publishesPsychologie vom Empirischen Standpunkte (Psychology from an Empirical Standpoint)

Technology

May 20 –Levi Strauss andJacob Davis receive a United Statespatent for blue denimjeans with copper rivets
July 1 –Sholes and Glidden typewriter, with cylindrical platen andQWERTY keyboard, first marketed, in the United States
July 4 – official opening ofEads Bridge (combined road and rail steel arch) over theMississippi River at St. Louis, Missouri, designed byJames B. Eads. It is the longest arch bridge in the world at this time, with an overall length of 6,442 feet (1,964 m); the first use of true steel as a primary structural material in a major bridge project;^[13] the first built usingcantilever support methods exclusively; and the first major project to make use ofpneumatic caissons
Invention ofbarbed wire byJoseph Glidden

Awards

Births

January 22 –Leonard Eugene Dickson (died1954), Americanmathematician
February 2 –Ernest Shackleton (died1922), Anglo-Irish Antarcticexplorer
April 25 –Guglielmo Marconi (died1937), Italianinventor
September 12 –Redcliffe N. Salaman (died1955), Englishbotanist
September 26 –Oakes Ames (died1950), American botanist
October 13 –Kiyotsugu Hirayama (died1943), Italianastronomer
November 27 –Chaim Weizmann (died1952), Russian-bornchemist and firstPresident of Israel
November 29 –António Egas Moniz (died1955), Portuguese neurologist, winner of the 1949Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
December 6 –Elizabeth Laird (died1969), Canadianphysicist
December 28 –Arthur Schüller (died1957), Austrian-bornneuroradiologist

Deaths

January 16 –Max Schultze (born1825), Germanphysiologist
January 24 –Johann Philipp Reis (born1834), German physicist and inventor
February 17 –Adolphe Quetelet (born1796), Belgian mathematician and astronomer
February 19 –Carl Ernst Bock (born1809), Germanphysician andanatomist
March 3 –Forbes Winslow (born1810), Englishpsychiatrist
March 10 –Moritz von Jacobi (born1801), German-born electrical engineer
March 14 –Johann Heinrich von Mädler (born1794), German astronomer
March 28 –Peter Andreas Hansen (born1795), Danish-born German astronomer
April 13 –James Bogardus (born1800), American inventor
November 21 –Sir William Jardine, 7th Baronet (born 1800), Scottish-bornnaturalist

References

^DDT and its derivatives, Environmental Health Criteria monograph No. 009, Geneva: World Health Organization, 1979,ISBN 92-4-154069-9
^Crilly, Tony (2007).50 Mathematical Ideas you really need to know. London: Quercus. p. 116.ISBN 978-1-84724-008-8.
^The Foundations of Stereo Chemistry: Memoirs by Pasteur, van 't Hoff, Lebel and Wislicenus. New York: American Book Co. 1901.
^Jones, Max (2003).The Last Great Quest. Oxford University Press. pp. 56–57.ISBN 0-19-280483-9.
^McGonigal, David (2009).Antarctica: Secrets of the Southern Continent. London: Frances Lincoln. p. 289.ISBN 0-7112-2980-5.
^Johnson, Phillip E. (1972). "The Genesis and Development of Set Theory".The Two-Year College Mathematics Journal.3 (1):55–62.
^Grattan-Guinness, Ivor (2000).The Search for Mathematical Roots, 1870–1940. Princeton University Press.ISBN 978-0-691-05858-0.
^Cooke, Roger (1984).The Mathematics of Sonya Kovalevskaya. New York: Springer-Verlag.ISBN 0-387-96030-9.
^Elston, M. A. (2004)."Hoggan, Frances Elizabeth (1843–1927)".Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press.doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/46422. Retrieved2012-06-22.(subscription orUK public library membership required)
^Elston, M. A. (2004)."Edinburgh Seven (act. 1869–1873)".Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. Retrieved2011-01-28.
^Autobiography of A. T. Still. Rev. ed., Kirksille, MO (1908).
^Maxwell, James Clerk; Harman, P. M. (2002),The Scientific Letters and Papers of James Clerk Maxwell, Volume 3; 1874-1879, Cambridge University Press,ISBN 0-521-25627-5, p. 148: "I have just finished a clay model of a fancy surface, showing the solid, liquid, and gaseous states, and the continuity of liquid and gaseous states." (letter toThomas Andrews, November 1874).
^DeLony, Eric."Context for World Heritage Bridges".International Council on Monuments and Sites. Archived fromthe original on 9 June 2007. Retrieved2007-02-06.
^"Copley Medal | British scientific award".Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved23 July 2020.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1874_in_science&oldid=1254827430"

Hidden categories:

[8]ページ先頭

©2009-2025 Movatter.jp