Calendar year
1873 by topic Humanities By country Other topics Lists of leaders Birth and death categories Establishments and disestablishments categories Works category
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1873 .
1873 (MDCCCLXXIII ) was acommon year starting on Wednesday of theGregorian calendar and acommon year starting on Monday of theJulian calendar , the 1873rd year of theCommon Era (CE) andAnno Domini 2nd millennium , the 73rd year of the19th century , and the 4th year of the1870s decade. As of the start of 1873, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Calendar year
July 1 –Prince Edward Island joins theCanadian Confederation .July 5 – New Rush inGriqualand West ,South Africa , is renamedKimberley .[ 2] July 9 –Third Carlist War : Battle of Alpens – Campaigning in Catalonia, a government column under GeneralJosé Cabrinetty is ambushed atAlpens , 15 miles east of Berga, by Carlist forces under GeneralFrancisco Savalls . After heavy fighting, with Cabrinety killed, virtually the entire column of 800 men is killed or captured.The government of Otto von Bismarck in a united Germany introduces thegold mark , a unified currency to replace the various legal tender of the nation-states of the German Confederation..[ 3] July 17 –Richard Southey becomes the first Lieutenant-Governor ofGriqualand West .[ 4] July 21 – AtAdair, Iowa ,Jesse James and theJames–Younger Gang pull off the first successfultrain robbery in theAmerican Old West (US$3,000 from the Rock Island Express).July 22 –Sir Benjamin Pine becomesLieutenant-governor of the Colony of Natal .July – The end of the war between the United Kingdom andGhana 's King Kofi KariKari, who is involved in the trading ofslaves , leads to the establishment of theGold Coast Colony .December 15 – Women ofFredonia, New York , march against the retail liquor dealers in town, to inaugurate the Woman's Crusade of 1873–74.December 16 – TheHeineken Brewery is founded inAmsterdam , the Netherlands.December 19 (December 7 OS) –Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky 's fantasiaThe Tempest December 21 – French officialFrancis Garnier is attacked outsideHanoi byBlack Flag mercenaries fighting for theVietnamese .December 22 –Third Carlist War : Battle of Bocairente – Campaigning in Valenica, Spanish Republican GeneralValeriano Weyler is attacked at Bocairente, northwest of Alcoy, by a greatly superior Carlist force under General José Santés. Weyler is initially driven back, losing some of his guns, but in a brilliant counter-attack he turns defeat into victory, and Santés is heavily repulsed and forced to withdraw.December 23 – TheWoman's Christian Temperance Union is founded, inHillsboro, Ohio .December 27 –Third Carlist War : Siege of Bilbao (until2 May 1874 ) – Campaigning inNavarre , Pretender Don Carlos VII and General Joaquín Elío besiegeBilbao , held by General Ignacio del Castillo and 1,200 men. The Carlist force is ten times this number, and includes most of the troops from Navarre,Vizcaya andÁlava , although a considerable force is left in Guipúzcoa. Despite defeat at nearby Somorrostro, Republican commander MarshalFrancisco Serrano , supported by Generals Manuel de la Concha andArsenio Martínez-Campos , brilliantly breaks the siege, and Concha then marches on Estella.December – MajorWalter Clopton Wingfield designs andpatents aracquet sport , which he callssphairistike (Greek σφάίρίστική, "skill at playing at ball"), soon known simply asStické lawn tennis , for the amusement of his guests at a garden party on his estate of Nantclwyd, inLlanelidan , Wales.TheLeague of the Three Emperors is created. It links the conservative monarchs ofAustria-Hungary , theGerman Empire and theRussian Empire in an alliance against radical movements. Founding in Canada of: Liebig's Extract of Meat Company begins producing tinnedcorned beef , sold under the labelFray Bentos , from the town inUruguay where it is processed.Coors Brewing Company begins makingbeer inGolden, Colorado .Konishiya Rokubei, predecessor of theKonica Minolta worldwide imaging brand, is founded inTokyo , Japan.[ 9] TheSwedish arms company Aktiebolaget (AB) Bofors-Gullspång, better known asBofors , is founded. InMexico , theVeracruz –Mexico City railroad is completed. NinePekin ducks are imported toLong Island (the first in the United States). TheMarried Woman's Property Rights Association is founded in Sweden. Demonstration of an electrictram operated onMiller's line atSestroretsk nearSaint Petersburg in the Russian Empire by inventorFyodor Pirotsky .[ 10] Adolph Zukor Melitta Bentz Enrico Caruso Sergei Rachmaninoff January 2 –Thérèse of Lisieux , Catholic saint, mystic (d.1897 )January 4 –Blanche Walsh , American stage, screen actress (d.1915 )January 7 –Adolph Zukor , Austrian-born film studio pioneer (d.1976 )January 8 –Iuliu Maniu , Romanian politician (d.1953 )January 9 January 10 –George Orton , Canadian athlete (d.1958 )January 12 –Spyridon Louis , Greek runner (d.1940 )January 20 –Johannes V. Jensen , Danish writer,Nobel Prize laureate (d.1950 )[ 11] January 28 –Colette , French writer (d.1954 )[ 12] January 29 –Prince Luigi Amedeo, Duke of the Abruzzi , Italian mountaineer, explorer and admiral (d.1933 )January 30 –Vassily Balabanov , administrator, Provincial Governor ofImperial Russia (d.1947 )January 31 –Melitta Bentz , German entrepreneur who invented the coffee filter in1908 (d.1950 )February 2 –Maurice Tourneur , French film director (d.1961 )February 3 February 4 –Étienne Desmarteau , Canadian athlete (d.1905 )February 7 –Thomas Andrews , Irish shipbuilder (d.1912 )[ 13] February 13 February 15 –Hans von Euler-Chelpin , German-born chemist,Nobel Prize laureate (d.1964 )February 19 –Louis Feuillade , French film director (d.1925 )February 25 –Enrico Caruso , Italian tenor (d.1921 )[ 15] February 28 –William McMaster Murdoch , Officer of Titanic (d.1912 )March 3 –William Green , American labor leader (d.1952 )March 11 –David Horsley , English-born film executive (d.1933 )March 19 –Max Reger , German composer (d.1916 )[ 16] March 29 –Billy Quirk , American actor (d.1926 )April 1 (N.S. )/March 20 (O.S. ) –Sergei Rachmaninoff , Russian pianist and composer (d.1943 )[ 17] April 4 –Gyula Peidl , 23rd prime minister of Hungary (d.1943 )April 7 –John McGraw , American baseball player, manager (d.1934 )April 10 –Kyösti Kallio ,Prime Minister andPresident of Finland (d.1940 )April 13 –John W. Davis , American politician, diplomat, and lawyer (d.1955 )April 19 –Sydney Barnes , English cricketer (d.1967 )April 20 –Gombojab Tsybikov , Russian explorer (d.1930 )April 22 –Ellen Glasgow , American writer (d.1945 )[ 18] April 23 –Theodor Körner ,President of Austria (d.1957 )April 25 Hans Berger Otto Loewi Alexis Carrel May 4 –Joe De Grasse , Canadian film director (d.1940 )May 5 –Leon Czolgosz , assassin of U.S. PresidentWilliam McKinley (d.1901 )May 9 –Anton Cermak , Mayor of Chicago (d.1933 )May 10 –Cary D. Landis , American attorney and politician (d.1938 )May 15 –Oskari Tokoi , Finnish socialist and the Chairman of the Senate of Finland (d.1963 )[ 19] May 17 May 21 –Hans Berger , German neurologist (d.1941 )May 28 –D. D. Sheehan , Irish politician (d.1948 )June 2 –Anna Eliza Williams , British supercentenarian and oldest person in the world (d.1987 )June 3 –Otto Loewi , German-born pharmacologist, recipient of theNobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d.1961 )June 15 –Leonora Cohen , British suffragette and trade unionist (d.1978 )June 28 –Alexis Carrel , French surgeon and biologist, recipient of theNobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d.1944 )June 29 –Monroe Dunaway Anderson , Founder of Anderson, Clayton and Company; "Father of Texas Medical Center" (d.1939 )Prince Yamashina Kikumaro Karl Schwarzschild July 1 July 3 –Prince Yamashina Kikumaro , Japanese prince (d.1908 )July 6 –Dimitrios Maximos , Prime Minister of Greece (d.1955 )July 8 –Carl Vaugoin , 7th Chancellor of Austria (d.1949 )July 12 –Oscar von Sydow , 18th prime minister of Sweden (d.1936 )July 17 –Many Benner , French painter (d.1965 )July 20 –Alberto Santos-Dumont , Brazilian aviation pioneer (d.1932 )August 4 –Dámaso Berenguer , Spanish general and politician (d.1953 )August 5 –Joseph Russell Knowland , American politician, newspaperman (d.1966 )August 10 –William Ernest Hocking , American philosopher (d.1966 )August 13 –Cornelis Jacobus Langenhoven , South African author (d.1932 )August 17 –John A. Sampson , American gynecologist (d.1946 )August 18 –Otto Harbach , American lyricist (d.1963 )[ 21] August 20 –William Henry Bell , 1st director of theSouth African College of Music (d.1946 )August 21 –Harry T. Morey , American actor (d.1936 )August 26 –Lee de Forest , American inventor (d.1961 )September 1 September 5 –Cornelius Vanderbilt III , American military officer, inventor, engineer (d.1942 )September 8 September 17 –Ibrahim of Johor , Malaysian sultan (d.1959 )September 20 September 21 –Papa Jack Laine , American jazz musician (d.1966 )October 8 –Ma Barker , American criminal (d.1935 )October 9 –Karl Schwarzschild , German physicist, astronomer (d.1916 )October 13 –Georgios Kafantaris , Prime Minister of Greece (d.1946 )October 14 –Ray Ewry , American athlete (d.1937 )October 16 –Juho Kekkonen , Finnish forestry manager and tenant farmer (d.1928 )[ 23] October 18 –Ivanoe Bonomi , 2-time prime minister of Italy (d.1951 )October 19 October 20 –Jussi Merinen , Finnish politician (d.1918 )[ 24] October 26 October 30 Ramón Castillo November 9 –Fritz Thyssen , German industrialist (d.1951 )November 16 –W. C. Handy , American blues composer (d.1958 )[ 25] November 20 –Ramón Castillo , Argentinian politician, 25thPresident of Argentina (d.1944 )November 22 –Johnny Tyldesley , English cricketer (d.1930 )November 28 –Frank Phillips , American oil executive (d.1950 )November 30 –William Boyle, 12th Earl of Cork , British admiral (d.1967 )[ 26] December 7 –Willa Cather , American novelist (d.1947 )[ 27] December 11 –Josip Plemelj , Slovenian mathematician (d.1967 )December 17 –Ford Madox Ford , English writer (d.1939 )[ 28] December 20 –Kan'ichi Asakawa , Japanese historian (d.1948 )December 26 –Thomas Wass , Nottinghamshire cricketer (d.1953 )December 30 –Al Smith , American politician, Democratic presidential candidate (d.1944 )Napoleon III Justus von Liebig David Livingstone January 9 –Napoleon III , lastEmperor of the French (b.1808 )January 18 –Edward Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Baron Lytton , English novelist (b.1803 )January 20 –Basil Moreau , French founder of theCongregation of Holy Cross (b.1799 )January 23 –Ramalinga Swamigal , Hindu religious leader (b.1823 )January 26 –Empress Amélie , consort ofPedro I of Brazil (b.1812 )February 3 –Isaac Baker Brown , English gynaecologist, surgeon (b.1811 )February 7 –Sheridan Le Fanu , Irish writer (b.1814 )[ 31] February 18 –Vasil Levski , Bulgarian revolutionary (executed) (b.1837 )February 23 –Jakob von Hartmann , Bavarian general (b.1795 )March 10 –John Torrey , American botanist (b.1796 )March 24 –Mary Ann Cotton , Englishserial killer (executed) (b.1832 )March 25 –Wilhelm Marstrand , Danish painter (b.1810 )[ 32] March 29 – PrinceUnakan Ananta Norajaya Prince of Siam (b.1856 )March 31 April 11 April 18 –Justus von Liebig , German chemist (b.1803 )April 27 –William Charles Macready , English actor (b.1793 )April 29 –Hortense Globensky-Prévost , Canadian heroine (b.1804 )May 1 –David Livingstone , Scottish explorer of Africa (b.1813 )May 5 –Jerónimo Carrión , 8th president of Ecuador (b.1804 )May 6 –José Antonio Páez , firstpresident of Venezuela (b.1790 )May 7 May 13 –Charles Lucy , English painter (b.1814 )[ 34] May 15 –Alexandru Ioan Cuza , first ruler of Romania (b.1820 )May 20 –George-Étienne Cartier , Canadian statesman (b.1814 )May 22 –Alessandro Manzoni , Italian poet and novelist (b.1785 )[ 35] May 29 –Édouard de Verneuil , French palaeontologist (b.1805 )May 30 –Karamat Ali Jaunpuri , Indian Muslim scholar (b.1800 )[ 36] June 1 –Joseph Howe , Canadian politician (b.1804 )Johan Gabriel Ståhlberg August 18 –Charles II, Duke of Brunswick (b.1804 )August 31 –Charles Ferdinand Pahud ,Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (b.1803 )September 8 –Johan Gabriel Ståhlberg , Finnish priest and father ofK. J. Ståhlberg , the firstPresident of Finland (b.1832 )[ 37] September 11 –Agustín Fernando Muñoz, Duke of Riánsares , morganatic husband ofMaria Christina of the Two Sicilies (b.1808 )September 17 –Alexander Berry , Scottish adventurer, Australian pioneer (b.1781 )September 22 –Friedrich Frey-Herosé , Swiss Federal Councilor (b.1801 )September 23 –Jean Chacornac , French astronomer (b.1823 )September 28 –Émile Gaboriau , French writer (b.1833 )[ 38] October 5 –William Todd , American businessman, Canadian Senate nominee (b.1803 )October 9 –George Ormerod , English historian, antiquarian (b.1785 )October 17 – SirRobert McClure , British Arctic explorer (b.1807 )December 14 ^ Wilhelm Emil Angerstein,Fünfundzwanzig Jahre oesterreichischer Finanzpolitik: (1848 bis 1873) : ein historischer Rückblick (Twenty-five years of Austrian financial policy: (1848 to 1873) : a historical review) (Luckhardt'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1874) (in German) ^ Roberts, Brian. 1976.Kimberley, turbulent city . Cape Town: David Philip, p 115 ^ Shaw, William Arthur (1896).The History of Currency, 1252-1894 ^ The British Empire: Griqualand West Administrators (Accessed on 16 April 2017)^ This Day in History Archived December 2, 2013, at theWayback Machine . Accessed 22 November 2013.^ "Ismailia, Anchor Line" .norwayheritage.com . 2012. RetrievedSeptember 14, 2012 .^ Hashagen, Justus (1911)."John, King of Saxony" Encyclopædia Britannica 444– 445. ^ "Alexander Mackenzie (politician) | EBSCO Research Starters" .www.ebsco.com . RetrievedJuly 18, 2025 .^ "History" . Konica Minolta. RetrievedNovember 10, 2022 .^ Pyrgidis, C. N. (2016).Railway Transportation Systems: Design, Construction and Operation . CRC Press. p. 156. ^ Rossel, Sven (1984).Johannes V. Jensen . Boston: Twayne Publishers. p. 1.ISBN 9780805765656 ^ Cummins, Laurel (2005).Colette and the conquest of self . Birmingham, Ala: Summa. p. 20.ISBN 9781883479466 ^ "Thomas Andrews | Irish ship designer | Britannica" .www.britannica.com . RetrievedApril 15, 2022 .^ Jaffé, Daniel (2012).Historical dictionary of Russian music . Lanham, Md: Scarecrow Press. p. 83.ISBN 9780810879805 ^ Caruso, Enrico (1997).Enrico Caruso : my father and my family . Portland, Ore: Amadeus Press. p. 19.ISBN 9781574670226 ^ Steinberg, Michael (2000).The concerto : a listener's guide . Oxford New York: Oxford University Press. p. 380.ISBN 9780195103304 ^ Steinberg, Michael (1995).The symphony : a listener's guide . New York: Oxford University Press. p. 443.ISBN 9780195126655 ^ Parini, Jay (2004).The Oxford encyclopedia of American literature . New York: Oxford University Press. p. 118.ISBN 9780195156539 ^ "Etusivu" .kansallisbiografia.fi .^ Wharton, Edith (2000).Yrs. ever affly : the correspondence of Edith Wharton and Louis Bromfield . East Lansing: Michigan State University Press. p. 111.ISBN 9780870135163 ^ Bloom, Ken (2013).Routledge Guide to Broadway . Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. p. 104.ISBN 9781135871178 ^ Ben Fisher (2000).The Pataphysician's Library: An Exploration of Alfred Jarry's 'Livres Pairs' . Liverpool University Press. p. 4.ISBN 9781781388013 ^ Urho Kekkosen isä Juho –Kotiseurakuntani (in Finnish)^ "Person: Merinen, Juho Rikard" .War Victims of Finland 1914–1922 National Archives of Finland . RetrievedJuly 23, 2023 .^ Hardy, Phil (1995).The Da Capo companion to 20th-century popular music . New York: Da Capo Press. p. 402.ISBN 9780306806407 ^ "William Boyle, 12th Earl of Cork and Orrery" Oxford Dictionary of National Biography doi :10.1093/ref:odnb/32015 . RetrievedSeptember 20, 2014 .(Subscription,Wikipedia Library access orUK public library membership required.) ^ Parini, Jay (2004).The Oxford encyclopedia of American literature . New York: Oxford University Press. p. 240.ISBN 9780195156539 ^ Henderson, Lesley (1990).Twentieth-Century romance and historical writers . Chicago: St. James Press. p. 243.ISBN 9780912289977 ^ Ahmed, Siraj Uddin (2010). "নেছারউদ্দীন আহমদ (রহ.), শাহ সূফী, (শর্শিনার পির সাহেব)".বরিশাল বিভাগের ইতিহাস [History of Barisal Division ] (in Bengali). Vol. 2.Dhaka : Bhaskar Prakashani.^ Tudor, Anghel C. (April 10, 2019)."Celebrități medicale buzoiene / Doctor Mișea Filip, creatorul secției de contagioase a Spitalului Gârlași" .Opinia Buzău (in Romanian). ^ Melada, Ivan (1987).Sheridan Le Fanu . Boston: Twayne Publishers. p. 12.ISBN 9780805769371 ^ The American Cyclopædia: A Popular Dictionary of General Knowledge . D. Appleton. 1881. p. 203.^ Bruce Mazlish (1988).James and John Stuart Mill: Father and Son in the Nineteenth Century . Transaction Books. p. 111. ^ Robertson, David (September 23, 2004)."Lucy, Charles" Oxford Dictionary of National Biography doi :10.1093/ref:odnb/17147 . (Subscription,Wikipedia Library access orUK public library membership required.) ^ Manzoni, Alessandro (2004).Alessandro Manzoni's The Count of Carmagnola and Adelchis . Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 5.ISBN 9780801878817 ^ Sirajul Islam ; Miah, Sajahan;Khanam, Mahfuza ; Ahmed, Sabbir, eds. (2012)."Jaunpuri, Karamat Ali" .Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh Asiatic Society of Bangladesh .ISBN 984-32-0576-6 OCLC 52727562 .OL 30677644M . RetrievedNovember 26, 2025 .^ Johan Gabriel Ståhlberg – KirjastoVirma Archived June 24, 2021, at theWayback Machine (in Finnish)^ Magill, Frank (1997).Cyclopedia of world authors . Pasadena, Calif: Salem Press. p. 738.ISBN 9780893564360 1873 Annual Cyclopedia (1874)
