Decade
From left to right, clockwise: Conflicts start to increase between theSecond French Empire and theKingdom of Prussia leading to theFranco-Prussian War fire Chicago kills approximately 300 people and leaves about another 100,000 people homeless in 1871;Claude Monet's Impression, Sunrise Impressionist movement U.S. Army is defeated byArapaho ,Lakota andNorthern Cheyenne tribes during theBattle of the Little Bighorn Nicolaus Otto patents the first commercial four-strokeinternal combustion engine Queen Victoria is recognized as the "Empress of India " in theRoyal Titles Act 1876 Emirate of Afghanistan forces defend againstBritish Raj invaders in theSecond Anglo-Afghan War British Empire andZulu Kingdom fighters engage in combat during theAnglo-Zulu War The1870s (pronounced "eighteen-seventies") was adecade of theGregorian calendar that began on 1 January 1870, and ended on 31 December 1879.
The trends of theprevious decade continued into this one, as great newempires ,imperialism andmilitarism rose inEurope andAsia . TheUnited States was recovering from theAmerican Civil War , though theReconstruction era introduced its own legacies of bitterness andracial segregation in the country.Germany unified as a nation in 1871 and became theGerman Empire . Changing social conditions led workforces to cooperate in the form oflabor unions in order to demand better pay and working conditions, withstrikes occurring worldwide in the later part of the decade and continuing untilWorld War I . The decade was also a period of significant technological advancement; thephonograph ,telephone , and electriclight bulb were all invented during the 1870s, though it would take several more decades before they became household items.
The last living person from this decade,Jeanne Calment , died in 1997.
Dungan Revolt (1862–1877),Hui uprising against theQing Empire which resulted in 20 million deaths and a Qing victoryFranco-Prussian War (1870–1871), resulted in the collapse of theSecond French Empire and in the formation of both theFrench Third Republic and theGerman Empire Third Anglo-Ashanti War , also known as the "First Ashanti Expedition" (1873–1874), ended with the destruction of the royal palace atKumasi and the signing of theTreaty of Fomena , which secured British trading rights in the areaTheThird Carlist War (1872–1876), the last of theCarlist Wars in Spain Ethiopian–Egyptian War (1874–1876), a resource conflict over access to theNile River basin between theEthiopian Empire and theKhedivate of Egypt , resulting in an Ethiopian victoryRusso-Turkish War (1877–1878) , resulted inSerbia ,Romania , andMontenegro becoming completely independent from theOttoman Empire , whileBulgaria became autonomousIn the United States, post-Civil War Reconstruction continued until its conclusion under PresidentRutherford B. Hayes in 1877 SecondAnglo-Afghan War (1878–1880), fought between theBritish Raj and theEmirate of Afghanistan Anglo-Zulu War (11 January – 5 July 1879)War of the Pacific (1879–1884), fought over resource-rich territory along the Pacific coast betweenChile and an alliance ofBolivia andPeru [ edit ] Political and social events [ edit ] Science and technology [ edit ] Franco-Prussian War Photograph ofThomas Edison with his phonograph, taken byMathew Brady in 1877 The first version of thelight bulb was invented by Edison in 1879 Literature and arts [ edit ] Jules Verne (France) publishesAround The World in Eighty Days Claude Monet ,Pierre-Auguste Renoir ,Camille Pissarro , andAlfred Sisley organized theSociété Anonyme Coopérative des Artistes Peintres, Sculpteurs, Graveurs ("Cooperative and Anonymous Association of Painters, Sculptors, and Engravers") for the purpose of exhibiting their artworks independently. Members of the association, which soon includedPaul Cézanne ,Berthe Morisot , andEdgar Degas , were expected to forswear participation in the Salon. The organizers invited a number of other progressive artists to join them in their inaugural exhibition, including the slightly olderEugène Boudin , whose example had first persuaded Monet to take upplein air painting years before.[ 4] Johan Jongkind , declined to participate, as didManet . In total, thirty artists participatedin their first exhibition , held in April 1874 at the studio of the photographerNadar . The group soon became known as theImpressionists [ 5] Jeanne Calment , born 1875, would eventually become the longest-living human being with a verified lifespan. She lived until 1997, aged 122. She still holds the record as of November 2024.Lewis Carroll publishesThrough the Looking-Glass Mark Twain publishesThe Adventures of Tom Sawyer Henrik Ibsen releasesA Doll's House Famous and infamous people [ edit ] Sam Bass ,Wild West , outlawCharlie Bowdre , Wild West, outlaw/cowboyRichard M. Brewer , Wild West, gunslinger/cowboy, outlawCrazy Horse ,Native American war leaderGeorge Armstrong Custer ,U. S. Army officerWyatt Earp , Wild West, lawmanE. B. Farnum , Elected official and one of the first residents ofDeadwood, South Dakota "Wild Bill" Hickok , Legendary Wild West, lawman, gunfighter, and entertainerDoc Holliday , Legendary Wild West, gambler, gunfighter, outlaw, dentistFrank James , Wild West, outlawJesse James , Wild West, outlawCalamity Jane , Frontierswoman and professionalscout Jack McCall , murderer of"Wild Bill" Hickok Henry McCarty a.k.a.William Bonney a.k.a.Billy the Kid , Wild West, outlaw/cowboyAlexander McSween , Wild West, figureLawrence Murphy , Wild West,racketeer Tom O'Folliard , Wild West, outlaw, best friend ofBilly the Kid Giovanni Passannante , anarchist, attempted assassin ofUmberto I ofItaly Frank Stilwell , Wild West, outlaw/cowboyAl Swearengen , pimp and entertainment entrepreneur who ran theGem Theater , for 22 years during the late 19th centuryJohn Tunstall , First man to be killed during theLincoln County War John Younger , Wild West, outlawJim Younger , Wild West, outlawCole Younger , Wild West, outlaw
Births 1870
Ernst Barlach Gustav Bauer January 2 –Ernst Barlach , German sculptor, graphic artist and poet (d.1938 )January 6 –Gustav Bauer ,Chancellor of Germany (d.1944 )January 4 –Helena Willman-Grabowska , Polish indologist, Sorbonne and Jagiellonian University professor (d.1957 )January 8 January 11 –Alexander Stirling Calder , American sculptor (d.1945 )January 14 –George Pearce , Australian politician (d.1952 )January 20 –Ajahn Mun Bhuridatta , Thai Buddhist monk (d.1949 )January 23 –William G. Morgan , American inventor of volleyball (d.1942 )February 1 –Erik Adolf von Willebrand , Finnish physician (d.1949 )February 7 –Alfred Adler , Austrian psychologist (d.1937 )February 12 February 20 –Jay Johnson Morrow , American military engineer, politician, 3rdGovernor of the Panama Canal Zone (d.1937 )February 25 –Jelica Belović-Bernardzikowska , Croatian writer (d.1946 )March 5 –Frank Norris , American writer (d.1902 )March 10 –Ester Rachel Kamińska , Polish actress, "mother of Yiddish theatre" (d.1925 )March 13 –Seale Harris , American physician (d.1957 )March 17 –Horace Donisthorpe , English entomologist (d.1951 )March 20 –Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck , German general (d.1964 )March 22 –Arthur Storch (sculptor) (d.1947 )March 29 –Pavlos Melas , Greek revolutionary and army officer (d.1904 )March 31 –James M. Cox ,Democratic candidate forPresident of the United States in theelection of 1920 (d.1957 )Hamaguchi Osachi Vladimir Lenin Franz Lehár April 1 –Hamaguchi Osachi , 27thPrime Minister of Japan (d.1931 )April 4 –George Albert Smith , 8th president ofThe Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (d.1951 )April 17 –Ray Stannard Baker , American journalist, author (d.1946 )April 19 –J. Howard Crocker , Canadian educator and sports executive (d.1959 )April 21 –Edwin S. Porter , American film director (d.1941 )April 22 –Vladimir Lenin , Russian revolutionary, firstPremier of the Soviet Union (d.1924 )April 24 –Friedrich Freiherr Kress von Kressenstein , German general (d.1948 )[ 6] April 30 –Franz Lehár , Austrian composer (d.1948 )May 9 –Harry Vardon , English golf professional (d.1937 )May 10 –Reginald Tyrwhitt , British admiral (d.1951 )May 19 –Albert Fish , American serial killer (d.1936 )May 24 June 13 –Jules Bordet , Belgian immunologist, microbiologist, recipient of theNobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d.1961 )June 18 –Édouard Le Roy , French mathematician and philosopher (d.1954 )June 20 –Georges Dufrénoy , French post-impressionist painter (d.1943 )Maria Montessori Georges Claude July 3 –R. B. Bennett , 11thPrime Minister of Canada (d.1947 )July 12 –Louis II, Prince of Monaco (d.1949 )July 25 –Maxfield Parrish , American illustrator (d.1966 )July 26 –Charles Becker , American policeman and murderer (d.1915 )July 27 –Hilaire Belloc , French/English man of letters (d.1953 )July 29 –George Dixon , Canadian boxer (d.1909 )August 2 –Marianne Weber , German sociologist and suffragist (d.1954 )[ 7] August 4 –Harry Lauder , Scottish entertainer (d.1950 )August 10 –Hans Zenker , German admiral (d.1932 )August 11 –Tom Richardson , English cricketer (d.1912 )August 12 –Hubert Gough , British general (d.1963 )August 20 –Edward Stanley Kellogg , 16thGovernor of American Samoa (d.1948 )August 31 –Maria Montessori , Italian educator (d.1952 )September 24 –Georges Claude , French engineer, inventor (d.1960 )September 26 – KingChristian X of Denmark (d.1947 )September 30 October 2 –Horace Hood , British admiral (d.1916 )October 4 –Karl Renner , 1st Chancellor of Austria (d.1950 )October 10 –Ivan Bunin , Russian writer,Nobel Prize laureate (d.1953 )October 18 –D. T. Suzuki , Japanese philosopher (d.1966 )October 22 –Johan Ludwig Mowinckel , Norwegian businessman,Prime Minister of Norway (d.1943 )October 25 –Elsa Reger , German writer (d. 1951)[ 8] October 30 –Lawrence Grant , English actor (d.1952 )November 21 –Sigfrid Edström , Swedish sports official,President of the International Olympic Committee (d.1964 )November 27 –Juho Kusti Paasikivi ,Prime Minister andPresident of Finland (d.1956 )November 28 –Gustavus M. Blech , German-American physician, surgeon (d.1949 )November 29 –Trixie Friganza , American actress (d.1955 )December 5 –Vítězslav Novák , Czech composer (d.1949 )December 9 –Francisco S. Carvajal , 36thPresident of Mexico (d.1932 )December 10 –Jadunath Sarkar , Indian historian (d.1958 )December 14 December 18 –Saki , English writer (d.1916 )December 31 (alleged) –Mbah Gotho , Indonesian man, alleged oldest human (d.2017 )1871
James Weldon Johnson Friedrich Ebert Birdie Blye Heinrich Mann Christian Morgenstern Ernst Stromer von Reichenbach January 1 –Manuel Gondra , Paraguayan author and journalist, 21stPresident of Paraguay (d.1927 )[ 9] January 7 –Émile Borel , French mathematician, politician (d.1956 )January 8 –Jeanne Adnet , French anarchist (d.1942 )January 8 –William O. Taylor , American newspaper executive (d.1955 )January 17 –David Beatty, 1st Earl Beatty , British admiral (d.1936 )[ 10] January 19 –Frederick Maurice ,British Army officer ,military correspondent , writer and academic (d.1951 )January 20 January 30 –Wilfred Lucas , Canadian-born actor (d.1940 )February 4 February 6 –C. V. Kunhiraman , Indian social reformer, journalist and the founder ofKerala Kaumudi 1949 )February 9 –Howard Taylor Ricketts , American pathologist (d.1910 )February 14 –Florence Roberts , American stage actress (d.1927 )February 18 –Harry Brearley , English inventor (d.1948 )February 25 –Lesya Ukrainka , born Larysa Petrivna Kosach, Ukrainian writer; political, civil and feminist activist (d.1913 )February 26 –Matti Turkia , Finnish politician (d.1946 )[ 11] February 27 –Otto Praeger , American postal official, implemented U.S. Airmail (d.1948 )February 28 March 1 March 4 –Boris Galerkin , Russian mathematician (d.1945 )March 5 –Rosa Luxemburg , German politician (d.1919 )[ 13] March 6 –Afonso Costa , Portuguese lawyer, professor, politician and 3-timePrime Minister of Portugal (d.1937 )May 10 –Edward FitzGerald , American-bornmountaineer and soldier of British descent (d.1931 )March 12 –Kitty Marion , German-born actress and women's rights activist in England and the United States (d.1944 )March 15 March 17 –Konstantinos Pallis , Greek general (d.1941 )March 19 March 24 –Birdie Blye , American pianist (d.1935 )March 26 –Jonah Kūhiō Kalanianaʻole , Hawaiian royalty and politician (d.1922 )March 27 –Heinrich Mann , German writer (d.1950 )March 28 –Herman van Roijen , Dutch diplomat (d.1933 )March 29 –Aleksei Chichibabin ,Soviet Russian organic chemist (d.1945 )March 31 –Arthur Griffith ,President of Ireland (d.1922 )April 1 –F. Melius Christiansen ,Norwegian -born violinist andchoral conductor (d.1955 )April 3 –John Wren , Australian business man (d.1953 )April 4 –Luke McNamee , American admiral (d.1952 )April 6 –Giorgi Mazniashvili ,Georgian general and prominent military figures in theDemocratic Republic of Georgia (d.1937 )April 7 –Charlotte Maxeke , South African religious leader, social and political activist (d.1939 )April 8 –Clarence Hudson White , American photographer (d.1925 )April 12 –Ioannis Metaxas , Prime Minister of Greece (d.1941 )April 13 –Jurgis Matulaitis-Matulevičius , Lithuanian author,Roman Catholic archbishop and blessed (d.1927 )April 15 –Jonathan Zenneck , German physicist, electrical engineer (d.1959 )May 2 –Francis P. Duffy , Canadian-born American Catholic priest (d.1932 )May 3 –Emmett Dalton , American outlaw, train robber and member of theDalton Gang (d. 1937)May 6 May 7 –Gyula Károlyi , 29th Prime Minister of Hungary (d.1947 )May 9 –Grand Duke George Alexandrovich of Russia , third son ofAlexander III ,Maria of Russia and brother ofNicholas II (d.1899 )May 14 –Walter Stanley Monroe , businessman, politician, and formerPrime Minister ofNewfoundland (d.1952 )May 19 –Walter Russell , American artist (d.1963 )May 26 –Camille Huysmans , Belgian politician and formerprime minister of Belgium (d. 1968)May 27 –Georges Rouault , French painter, graphic artist (d.1958 )May 28 –Teriimaevarua III , lastQueen ofBora Bora (d.1932 )June 5 June 7 –Khwaja Salimullah , fourthNawab of Dhaka and one of the leading Muslim politicians during theBritish rule in India (d.1915 )June 8 –Howard Gould , American financier and the son ofJay Gould (d.1959 )June 11 –Walter Cowan , British admiral (d.1956 )June 12 June 13 –Princess Hélène of Orléans , member of the deposedOrléans royal family of France (d.1951 )June 14 –Jacob Ellehammer , Danish inventor (d.1946 )June 17 –James Weldon Johnson , American author, politician, diplomat, critic, journalist, poet, anthologist, educator, lawyer, songwriter and early civil rights activist (d.1938 )June 18 –Edmund Breese , American actor (d.1936 )June 23 –Jantina Tammes , Dutch plant biologist (d.1947 )June 26 –Reginald R. Belknap , United States Navy rear admiral (d.1959 )Marcel Proust Orville Wright Ernest Rutherford Pietro Badoglio July 2 –Wilhelm von Mirbach , German diplomat (d.1918 )July 5 –Claus Schilling , German medical researcher and war criminal (d.1946 )July 10 –Marcel Proust , French writer (d.1922 )July 13 –John Norton-Griffiths , British engineer, army officer, and politician (d.1930 )July 17 –Lyonel Feininger , German painter (d.1956 )July 18 –Sada Yacco , Japanese stage actress (d.1946 )July 22 –Aarnoud van Heemstra , Dutchnobleman ,jurist and politician (d.1951 )July 25 –Richard Turner , Canadian soldier (d.1961 )August 1 –John Lester , Americancricketer (d.1969 )August 3 –Augusta Holtz , Polish-American supercentenarian, last surviving person born in 1871 (d.1986 )August 4 –Lillian Smith , Americantrick shooter andtrick rider (d.1930 )August 12 August 13 –Karl Liebknecht , German politician (d.1919 )August 14 –Guangxu Emperor of China (d.1908 )August 19 August 23 –Sofia Panina , Russian politician (d.1956 )August 25 –Nils Edén , 15th Prime Minister of Sweden (d.1945 )August 26 –Edward Lavin Girroir , Canadian politician (d.1932 )August 27 –Theodore Dreiser , American writer (d.1945 )August 29 –Albert François Lebrun , French politician (d.1950 )August 30 –Ernest Rutherford , New Zealand physicist, recipient of theNobel Prize in Chemistry (d.1937 )August 31 September 1 –J. Reuben Clark , Under Secretary of State for U.S. PresidentCalvin Coolidge (d.1961 )September 7 –Francis Aylmer Maxwell ,British-Indian Army officer in theSecond Boer War andWWI (d.1917 )September 10 September 11 –Scipione Borghese , Italian aristocrat, industrialist, politician, explorer, mountain climber and race driver (d.1927 )September 13 –Alma Kruger , American actress (d.1960 )September 15 –Aloysius, Prince of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg September 17 –Eivind Astrup , Norwegian Arctic explorer (d.1895 )September 19 September 22 –Gaskell Romney , Americanpatriarch of theRomney family (d.1955 )September 23 –František Kupka , Czech painter andgraphic artist (d.1957 )September 24 –Lottie Dod , English athlete (d.1960 )September 26 –Winsor McCay , American cartoonist, animator (d.1934 )September 27 –Grazia Deledda , Italian writer,Nobel Prize laureate (d.1936 )September 28 –Pietro Badoglio , Italian field marshal, prime minister (d.1956 )September 30 –Adolphe Stoclet , Belgian engineer, financier and noted collector (d.1949 )October 2 –Cordell Hull ,United States Secretary of State , recipient of theNobel Peace Prize (d.1955 )October 3 –Kim Bo-hyon , paternal grandfather ofKim Il Sung , great-grandfather ofKim Jong Il , and great-great-grandfather ofKim Jong Un (d.1955 )October 5 –Sulejman Delvina , Albanian politician (d.1932 )October 10 –David Lindsay , BritishConservative politician and art connoisseur (d.1940 )October 11 –Sidney Dillon Redmond , American civic leader, physician, lawyer, and politician (d.1948 )October 14 –Alexander von Zemlinsky , Austriancomposer ,conductor , and teacher (d.1942 )October 19 –Walter Bradford Cannon , American physiologist (d.1945 )October 11 –Harriet Boyd Hawes , American archaeologist (d.1945 )October 17 –Dénes Berinkey , 21st Prime Minister of Hungary (d.1944 )October 20 –Atul Prasad Sen , Bengali composer, lyricist, singer, lawyer, philanthropist, social worker, educationist and writer (d.1934 )October 25 –John Gough , British general, Victoria Cross recipient (d.1915 )October 27 –Vatslav Vorovsky , RussianBolshevik ,Marxist revolutionary, literary critic, publicist andSoviet diplomat (d.1923 )October 30 November 1 –Stephen Crane , American writer (d.1900 )November 12 –Dagmar Hansen , Danishcabaret -singer, stage-performer and Denmark's first "pin-up girl " (d.1959 )November 13 –Vladislav F. Ribnikar , Serbian journalist (d.1914 )November 14 –Wajed Ali Khan Panni , Bengali aristocrat and philanthropist (d.1936 )[ 15] November 10 November 18 –Amadeu Vives i Roig , Spanish-Catalan composer and writer (d.1932 )November 23 –William Watt , Australian politician,Premier of Victoria (d.1946 )November 26 –Luigi Sturzo , ItalianCatholic priest and politician (d.1959 )November 27 –Giovanni Giorgi , Italian physicist andelectrical engineer (d.1950 )December 9 –Joe Kelley , AmericanBaseball Hall of Famer (d.1943 )December 13 –Emily Carr , Canadian artist (d.1945 )December 14 –August von Hayek , Austrian physician and botanist (d.1928 )December 16 –Manuel Fernández Silvestre , Spanish general (d.1921 )December 17 –Virginia Fábregas , Mexican actress (d.1950 )[ 16] December 29 –Meyer London , American politician (d.1926 )Mulai Ahmed er Raisuni , Moroccansharif and tribal leader (d.1925 )Sevasti Qiriazi , Albanian educator, women's rights activist (d.1949 )Zhang Jinghui , Chinese general and politician, second and finalPrime Minister of Manchukuo (d.1959 )Armando Falconi , Italianstage andfilm actor (d.1954 )Cyrus Avery , creator ofUS Route 66 (d.1963 )Hasan Rıza Pasha , general in theOttoman Army (d.1913 )Isfandiyar Khan ,Khan of Khiva between September 1910 and 1 October 1918 (d.1918 )R. Ramachandra Rao , Indian civil servant, mathematician and social and political activist (d.1936 )Konstantinos Spanoudis , Greek politician and journalist (d.1941 )1872 *January 6 –Alexander Scriabin , Russian composer (d.1915 )
January 11 –Georg Karo , German archaeologist (d.1963 )January 14 –Kerstin Hesselgren , Swedish politician (d.1962 )January 20 –Julia Morgan , American architect (d.1957 )January 23 –Gotse Delchev ,Bulgarian revolutionary (d.1903 )January 31 –Zane Grey , American writer (d.1939 )February 2 –Abul Kasem , Bengali politician (d.1936 )[ 17] February 6 –Robert Maillart , Swiss civil engineer (d.1940 )February 11 –Hannah Mitchell , English socialist, suffragette (d.1956 )February 19 –Johan Pitka , Estonian entrepreneur, sea captain, and admiral (d.1944 )February 27 –Alexandru Vaida-Voevod , 3-time prime minister of Romania (d.1950 )February 28 –Mehdi Frashëri , Albanian politician, 15thPrime Minister of Albania (d.1963 )March 3 –Willie Keeler , American baseball player (d.1923 )March 7 –Piet Mondrian , Dutch painter (d.1944 )March 18 –Ludwig Herzer , Austrian musician and composer (d.1939 )March 19 –Anna Held , Polish-born French actress (d.1918 )March 23 –Michael Joseph Savage , 23rdPrime Minister of New Zealand (d.1940 )March 28 –José Sanjurjo , Spanish general (d.1936 )Ladislas Lazaro Paul Laurence Dunbar April 9 –Léon Blum , French politician,Prime Minister of France (d.1950 )April 14 –Abdullah Yusuf Ali , Indian-born Islamic scholar, translator (d.1953 )April 29 –Harry Payne Whitney , American businessman, horse breeder (d.1930 )May 1 –Sidónio Pais , 4th President, 66th Prime Minister of Portugal (d.1918 )May 2 –Ichiyō Higuchi , Japanese author (d.1896 )May 6 –William Bowie , American geodetic engineer (d.1940 )May 12 –Anton Korošec , Slovenian political leader (d.1940 )May 18 –Bertrand Russell , British philosopher and mathematician, recipient of theNobel Prize in Literature (d.1970 )May 22 –Kim Gap-sun , bureaucrat and modern Korean businessman, politician, and realtor(d.1961 )[ 18] May 31 June 3 –Saburō Hyakutake , Japanese admiral (d.1963 )June 5 –Ladislas Lazaro ,U.S. Representatives fromLouisiana (d.1927 )June 6 –Alexandra Feodorovna (Alix of Hesse) (d.1918 )June 8 –Jan Frans De Boever , Belgian painter (d.1949 )June 22 –Charles Murray , American actor (d.1941 )June 27 –Paul Laurence Dunbar , American poet, publisher (d.1906 )Calvin Coolidge Roald Amundsen Aubrey Beardsley Louisa Martindale Maude Adams July 1 –Louis Blériot , French aviation pioneer (d.1936 )July 4 –Calvin Coolidge , 30thPresident of the United States (d.1933 )July 5 –Édouard Herriot , 3-time prime minister of France (d.1957 )July 12 –Emil Hácha , 3rd President of Czechoslovakia (d.1945 )July 16 –Roald Amundsen , Norwegian polar explorer (d.1928 )[ 19] July 23 –Edward Adrian Wilson , English polar explorer (d.1912 )July 28 –Albert Sarraut , 2-time prime minister of France (d.1962 )August 3 – KingHaakon VII of Norway (d.1957 )August 9 –Archduke Joseph August of Austria , Austrian field marshal (d.1962 )August 10 –William Manuel Johnson , American jazz double-bassist (d.1972 )August 13 –Richard Willstätter , German chemist,Nobel Prize laureate (d.1942 )August 15 –Sri Aurobindo , Indian nationalist, writer and mystic (d.1950 )August 21 –Aubrey Beardsley , English illustrator (d.1898 )[ 20] August 23 –Egerton Reuben Stedman , Canadian politician (d.1946 )August 26 –Joseph Taylor Robinson , American politician (d.1937 )September 13 –Kijūrō Shidehara , 31st Prime Minister of Japan (d.1951 )September 20 –Maurice Gamelin , French general (d.1958 )September 21 –Henry Tingle Wilde , British mariner, Chief OfficerRMS Titanic (d.1912 )September 28 –David Unaipon , Aboriginal Australian preacher, author and inventor (d.1967 )October 4 –Roger Keyes, 1st Baron Keyes , British admiral (d.1945 )October 6 –Carl Gustaf Ekman , 2-time prime minister of Sweden (d.1945 )October 11 October 12 –Ralph Vaughan Williams , English composer (d.1958 )October 15 October 27 –Emily Post , American etiquette expert (d.1960 )October 30 –Louisa Martindale , British physician, writer, magistrate and prison commissioner (d.1966 )November 1 –Louis Dewis , BelgianPost-Impressionist painter (d.1946 )November 4 –Barbu Știrbey , 30th Prime Minister of Romania (d.1946 )November 11 –Maude Adams , American stage actress (d.1953 )November 20 –Joseph M. Reeves , American admiral (d.1948 )[ 21] November 30 –John McCrae , Canadian soldier, surgeon and poet (d.1918 )December 3 –William Haselden , Spanish-born English cartoonist (d.1953 )December 7 –Johan Huizinga , Dutch cultural historian (d.1945 )December 8 –Mace Greenleaf , American actor (d.1912 )December 11 –René Bull , British illustrator, photographer (d.1942 )December 14 –John Smith Archibald , Canadian architect (d.1934 )December 16 –Anton Ivanovich Denikin , Imperial Russian Lieutenant General (d.1947 )December 21 –Lorenzo Perosi , Italian composer (d.1956 )December 26 –Norman Angell , English politician, recipient of theNobel Peace Prize (d.1967 )1873
Adolph Zukor Melitta Bentz Enrico Caruso Sergei Rachmaninoff January 2 –Thérèse of Lisieux , Catholic saint, mystic (d.1897 )January 4 –Blanche Walsh , American stage, screen actress (d.1915 )January 7 –Adolph Zukor , Austrian-born film studio pioneer (d.1976 )January 8 –Iuliu Maniu , Romanian politician (d.1953 )January 9 January 10 –George Orton , Canadian athlete (d.1958 )January 12 –Spyridon Louis , Greek runner (d.1940 )January 20 –Johannes V. Jensen , Danish writer,Nobel Prize laureate (d.1950 )[ 22] January 28 –Colette , French writer (d.1954 )[ 23] January 29 –Prince Luigi Amedeo, Duke of the Abruzzi , Italian mountaineer, explorer and admiral (d.1933 )January 30 –Vassily Balabanov , administrator, Provincial Governor ofImperial Russia (d.1947 )January 31 –Melitta Bentz , German entrepreneur who invented the coffee filter in1908 (d.1950 )February 2 –Maurice Tourneur , French film director (d.1961 )February 3 February 4 –Étienne Desmarteau , Canadian athlete (d.1905 )February 7 –Thomas Andrews , Irish shipbuilder (d.1912 )[ 24] February 13 February 15 –Hans von Euler-Chelpin , German-born chemist,Nobel Prize laureate (d.1964 )February 19 –Louis Feuillade , French film director (d.1925 )February 25 –Enrico Caruso , Italian tenor (d.1921 )[ 26] February 28 –William McMaster Murdoch , Officer of Titanic (d.1912 )March 3 –William Green , American labor leader (d.1952 )March 11 –David Horsley , English-born film executive (d.1933 )March 19 –Max Reger , German composer (d.1916 )[ 27] March 29 –Billy Quirk , American actor (d.1926 )April 1 (N.S. )/March 20 (O.S. ) –Sergei Rachmaninoff , Russian pianist and composer (d.1943 )[ 28] April 4 –Gyula Peidl , 23rd prime minister of Hungary (d.1943 )April 7 –John McGraw , American baseball player, manager (d.1934 )April 10 –Kyösti Kallio ,Prime Minister andPresident of Finland (d.1940 )April 13 –John W. Davis , American politician, diplomat, and lawyer (d.1955 )April 19 –Sydney Barnes , English cricketer (d.1967 )April 20 –Gombojab Tsybikov , Russian explorer (d.1930 )April 22 –Ellen Glasgow , American writer (d.1945 )[ 29] April 23 –Theodor Körner ,President of Austria (d.1957 )April 25 Hans Berger Otto Loewi Alexis Carrel May 4 –Joe De Grasse , Canadian film director (d.1940 )May 5 –Leon Czolgosz , assassin of U.S. PresidentWilliam McKinley (d.1901 )May 9 –Anton Cermak , Mayor of Chicago (d.1933 )May 10 –Cary D. Landis , American attorney and politician (d.1938 )May 15 –Oskari Tokoi , Finnish socialist and the Chairman of the Senate of Finland (d.1963 )[ 30] May 17 May 21 –Hans Berger , German neurologist (d.1941 )May 28 –D. D. Sheehan , Irish politician (d.1948 )June 2 –Anna Eliza Williams , British supercentenarian and oldest person in the world (d.1987 )June 3 –Otto Loewi , German-born pharmacologist, recipient of theNobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d.1961 )June 15 –Leonora Cohen , British suffragette and trade unionist (d.1978 )June 28 –Alexis Carrel , French surgeon and biologist, recipient of theNobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d.1944 )June 29 –Monroe Dunaway Anderson , Founder of Anderson, Clayton and Company; "Father of Texas Medical Center" (d.1939 )Prince Yamashina Kikumaro Karl Schwarzschild July 1 July 3 –Prince Yamashina Kikumaro , Japanese prince (d.1908 )July 6 –Dimitrios Maximos , Prime Minister of Greece (d.1955 )July 8 –Carl Vaugoin , 7th Chancellor of Austria (d.1949 )July 12 –Oscar von Sydow , 18th prime minister of Sweden (d.1936 )July 17 –Many Benner , French painter (d.1965 )July 20 –Alberto Santos-Dumont , Brazilian aviation pioneer (d.1932 )August 4 –Dámaso Berenguer , Spanish general and politician (d.1953 )August 5 –Joseph Russell Knowland , American politician, newspaperman (d.1966 )August 10 –William Ernest Hocking , American philosopher (d.1966 )August 13 –Cornelis Jacobus Langenhoven , South African author (d.1932 )August 17 –John A. Sampson , American gynecologist (d.1946 )August 18 –Otto Harbach , American lyricist (d.1963 )[ 32] August 20 –William Henry Bell , 1st director of theSouth African College of Music (d.1946 )August 21 –Harry T. Morey , American actor (d.1936 )August 26 –Lee de Forest , American inventor (d.1961 )September 1 September 5 –Cornelius Vanderbilt III , American military officer, inventor, engineer (d.1942 )September 8 September 17 –Ibrahim of Johor , Malaysian sultan (d.1959 )September 20 September 21 –Papa Jack Laine , American jazz musician (d.1966 )October 8 –Ma Barker , American criminal (d.1935 )October 9 –Karl Schwarzschild , German physicist, astronomer (d.1916 )October 13 –Georgios Kafantaris , Prime Minister of Greece (d.1946 )October 14 –Ray Ewry , American athlete (d.1937 )October 16 –Juho Kekkonen , Finnish forestry manager and tenant farmer (d.1928 )[ 34] October 18 –Ivanoe Bonomi , 2-time prime minister of Italy (d.1951 )October 19 October 20 –Jussi Merinen , Finnish politician (d.1918 )[ 35] October 26 October 30 Ramón Castillo November 9 –Fritz Thyssen , German industrialist (d.1951 )November 16 –W. C. Handy , American blues composer (d.1958 )[ 36] November 20 –Ramón Castillo , Argentinian politician, 25thPresident of Argentina (d.1944 )November 22 –Johnny Tyldesley , English cricketer (d.1930 )November 28 –Frank Phillips , American oil executive (d.1950 )November 30 –William Boyle, 12th Earl of Cork , British admiral (d.1967 )[ 37] December 7 –Willa Cather , American novelist (d.1947 )[ 38] December 11 –Josip Plemelj , Slovenian mathematician (d.1967 )December 17 –Ford Madox Ford , English writer (d.1939 )[ 39] December 20 –Kan'ichi Asakawa , Japanese historian (d.1948 )December 26 –Thomas Wass , Nottinghamshire cricketer (d.1953 )December 30 –Al Smith , American politician, Democratic presidential candidate (d.1944 )1874
Alfonso Quiñónez Molina John D. Rockefeller Jr. Honus Wagner Harry Houdini Robert Frost Lou Henry Hoover January 1 January 4 –Josef Suk , Czech composer, violinist (d.1935 )January 5 –Joseph Erlanger , American physiologist,Nobel Prize laureate (d.1965 )January 11 –Alfonso Quiñónez Molina , Salvadoran politician, physician, and three-timepresident of El Salvador (d.1950 )[ 42] January 12 –Marta Anna Wiecka , PolishRoman Catholic religious professed and blessed (d.1904 )January 16 –Robert W. Service , American poet (d.1958 )January 20 –Steve Bloomer , English footballer, cricketer and baseball player (d.1938 )January 21 –Frederick M. Smith , American religious leader, author (d.1946 )January 25 –W. Somerset Maugham , English author (d.1965 )January 28 January 29 –John D. Rockefeller Jr. , American entrepreneur (d.1960 )February 1 –Hugo von Hofmannsthal , Austrian writer (d.1929 )February 3 –Gertrude Stein , American writer, patron of the arts (d.1946 )February 6 –Henry C. Mustin , American naval aviation pioneer (d.1923 )February 9 –Amy Lowell , American poet (d.1925 )February 11 February 15 – SirErnest Shackleton , Irish explorer (d.1922 )February 17 –Thomas J. Watson , American computer pioneer (d.1956 )February 19 –Carl Stockdale , American actor (d.1953 )February 20 –Mary Garden , American opera soprano of Scots descent (some sources state her birth year as 1877) (d.1967 )February 23 –Konstantin Päts , 1stPresident of Estonia (d.1956 )February 24 –Honus Wagner , American baseball player (d.1955 )February 26 –Nikolai Korotkov , Russian surgeon (d.1920 )February 28 –Pawang Nong , Pahang Hero (d.1977 )Guglielmo Marconi Howard Carter April 1 –Emmi Mäkelin , Finnish midwife and politician (d.1962 )April 8 –Stanisław Taczak , Polish general, commander-in-chief of the Greater Poland Uprising (d.1960 )April 14 –Matti Lonkainen , Finnish politician (d.1918 )[ 43] April 15 –Johannes Stark , German physicist,Nobel Prize laureate (d.1957 )April 19 –Ernst Rüdin , Swiss psychiatrist, geneticist (d.1952 )April 25 –Guglielmo Marconi , Italian inventor, recipient of theNobel Prize in Physics (d.1937 )April 28 –Sidney Toler , American actor, playwright and theatre director (d.1947 )May 3 –François Coty , French perfume manufacturer (d.1934 )May 9 –Howard Carter , British archaeologist (d.1939 )May 14 –Polaire , French actress, singer (d.1939 )May 17 –Mikhail Diterikhs , Russian general (d.1937 )May 19 –Gilbert Jessop , English cricketer (d.1955 )May 22 –D. F. Malan , 4th prime minister of South Africa (d.1959 )May 26 –Henri Farman , French pilot and aircraft designer (d.1958 )May 27 –Dustin Farnum , American actor (d.1929 )May 29 –G. K. Chesterton , English author (d.1936 )Herbert Hoover Carl Bosch July 3 –R. B. Bennett , 11thPrime Minister of Canada (d.1947 )July 5 –Eugen Fischer , German professor of medicine, anthropology, and eugenics (d.1967 )July 6 –Isaías de Noronha , 13thPresident of Brazil (d.1963 )July 14 –Abbas II , last khedive of Egypt (d.1944 )July 25 –Alfred Walton Hinds , 17thNaval Governor of Guam (d.1957 )July 26 –Serge Koussevitzky , Russian conductor (d.1951 )July 27 –Frank Shannon , Irish-born American actor (d.1959 )July 29 –J. S. Woodsworth , Canadian politician (d.1942 )August 1 –Constantin Levaditi , Romanian physician and microbiologist (d.1953 )August 6 –Charles Fort ,Dutch-American writer, researcher into anomalous phenomena (d.1932 )August 8 –Albert Stanley, 1st Baron Ashfield , British-American businessman (d.1948 )August 10 August 14 –Bertha M. Wilson , American dramatist, critic, and actress (d.1936 )August 27 –Carl Bosch , German chemist,Nobel Prize laureate (d.1940 )Winston Churchill William Lyon Mackenzie King November 1 –Salima Machamba ,Sultan of Mohéli (d.1964 )November 13 –Henry Kolker , American stage, screen actor (d.1947 )November 14 –Johann Schober , 3rd Chancellor of Austria (d.1932 )November 15 –August Krogh , Danish zoophysiologist, recipient of theNobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d.1949 )November 22 –Elizabeth Patterson , actress (d.1966 )November 27 –Chaim Weizmann , 1st president of Israel (d.1952 )November 29 –António Egas Moniz , Portuguese physician and neurologist, recipient of theNobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d.1955 )November 30 December 2 –Eleanor Addison Phillips , English educator and founder of the world's first Soroptimist Movement, the Venture Club (d.1952 )December 11 December 13 –Josef Lhévinne , Russian pianist (d.1944 )December 17 –William Lyon Mackenzie King , 10thPrime Minister of Canada (d.1950 )December 22 –Franz Schmidt , Austrian composer (d.1939 )December 26 –Khan Bahadur Ahsanullah , Indian educationist, philosopher, philanthropist, social reformer, Sufi thinker, scientist and spiritual person (d.1965 )December 29 –Thomas W. Benoist , American aviator, aircraft designer and manufacturer, founder of the world's first scheduled airline (d.1917 )1875
KingIbn Saud Albert Schweitzer January 3 –Alexandros Diomidis , Prime Minister of Greece (d.1950 )January 5 –J. Stuart Blackton , American film producer (d.1941 )January 6 –Leslie Green , English architect (d.1908 )January 9 –Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney , American sculptor, socialite (d.1942 )January 11 –Reinhold Glière , Russian composer (d.1956 )January 14 January 15 January 22 –D. W. Griffith , American film director (The Birth of a Nation 1948 )February 1 –Eddie Polo , Austrian-American actor (d.1961 )February 2 –Fritz Kreisler , Austrian violinist (d.1962 )February 4 –Ludwig Prandtl , German physicist (d.1953 )February 7 –Erkki Melartin , Finnish composer (d.1937 )February 8 –Valentine O'Hara , Irish author, authority on Russia and theBaltic states (d.1941 )February 21 –Jeanne Calment , French supercentenarian, world's longest lived person (d.1997 )February 26 –Emma Dunn , British-born stage, screen actress (d.1966 )Syngman Rhee March 4 –Mihály Károlyi ,Prime Minister andPresident of Hungary (d.1955 )March 7 –Maurice Ravel , French composer (d.1937 )March 8 –Kenkichi Ueda , Japanese general (d.1962 )March 9 March 19 –Zhang Zuolin , Chinese bandit, soldier, and warlord (d.1928 )March 26 –Syngman Rhee ,President of South Korea (d.1965 )March 28 –Helen Westley , American stage, film actress (d.1942 )April 1 –Edgar Wallace , English author (d.1932 )April 2 –Walter Chrysler , American automobile pioneer (d.1940 )April 4 April 5 –Mistinguett , French singer (d.1956 )April 8 – KingAlbert I of Belgium (d.1934 )April 9 –Kristian Laake , Norwegian general (d.1950 )[ 47] April 15 –James J. Jeffries , American boxer (d.1953 )April 18 –Abd-ru-shin , German author (d.1941 )Krishna Chandra Bhattacharya Thomas Mann May 2 –Owen Roberts ,Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d.1955 )May 6 –William D. Leahy , American admiral (d.1959 )May 11 –Harriet Quimby , American pilot (d.1912 )May 12 May 23 –Alfred P. Sloan , American automobile industrialist (d.1966 )June 4 –Albert E. Smith , English stage magician, film director and producer (d.1958 )June 6 June 9 –Henry Hallett Dale , English pharmacologist and physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d.1968 )June 12 –Sam De Grasse , Canadian actor (d.1953 )June 15 –Herman Smith-Johannsen , Norwegian supercentenarian (d.1987 )June 24 –Diedrich Westermann , German linguist (d.1956 )June 28 –Henri Lebesgue , French mathematician (d.1941 )Carl Jung Katharine McCormick July 3 July 10 July 25 –Jim Corbett , Anglo-Indian hunter, conservationist and author (d.1955 )July 26 August 8 –Artur Bernardes , 12th President of Brazil (d.1955 )August 10 –Florrie Forde , Australian-born music hall singer (d.1940 )August 15 –Samuel Coleridge-Taylor , English composer (d.1912 )August 16 –Juho Sunila , Prime Minister of Finland (d.1936 )August 21 –Winnifred Eaton , Canadian author (d.1954 )August 26 –John Buchan , Scottish-Canadian novelist, historian and politician, 15thGovernor General of Canada (d. 1940)August 27 –Katharine McCormick , American suffragist (d.1967 )August 29 –Leonardo De Lorenzo , Italian flautist (d.1962 )August 31 –Rosa Lemberg , Namibian-born Finnish American teacher, singer and choral conductor (d.1959 )[ 48] Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis September 1 –Edgar Rice Burroughs , American fiction writer (d.1950 )September 3 –Ferdinand Porsche , Austrian automotive engineer (d.1951 )September 16 –James Cash Penney , American businessman, founder ofJ. C. Penney (d.1971 )September 18 –Tomás Burgos , Chilean philanthropist (d.1945 )September 20 –Matthias Erzberger , German politician (assassinated1921 )[ 49] September 22 –Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis , Lithuanian composer (d.1911 )October 1 –Eugeen Van Mieghem , Belgian painter (d.1930 )October 12 –Aleister Crowley , British occultist (d.1947 )October 18 –James Emman Kwegyir Aggrey , Ghanaian-born educationalist (d.1927 )October 19 –George Ranetti , Romanian poet, publicist (d.1928 )October 23 –Gilbert N. Lewis , American chemist (d.1946 )October 31 –Vallabhbhai Patel , Indian political leader ("Iron Man of India") (d.1950 )Theodor Innitzer November 6 –Marie Celeste , American soprano and actress (d.1954 )November 8 –Qiu Jin , Chinese revolutionary, writer and feminist (executed1907 )November 14 –Gregorio del Pilar , Filipino general (k. in action1899 )November 17 –Birger Eriksen , Norwegian military officer, sinker of theBlücher (d.1958 )November 30 –Otto Strandman , 1st Prime Minister of Estonia (d.1941 )December 4 –Rainer Maria Rilke , Austrian poet (d.1926 )December 5 –Arthur Currie , Canadian general (d.1933 )December 6 –Evelyn Underhill , British writer (d.1941 )December 11 –Yehuda Leib Maimon , Bassarabian-born Israeli rabbi, government minister (d.1962 )December 12 –Gerd von Rundstedt , German field marshal (d.1953 )December 15 –Emilio Jacinto , Filipino poet, revolutionary (d.1899 )December 19 –Mileva Marić , Albert Einstein's first wife (d.1948 )December 24 –Otto Ender , 8th Chancellor of Austria (d.1960 )December 25 –Theodor Innitzer , Austrian Catholic cardinal (d.1955 )
1876
Konrad Adenauer Otto Diels Pope Pius XII January 5 –Konrad Adenauer ,Chancellor of Germany (d.1967 )[ 50] January 8 –Arturs Alberings , Prime Minister of Latvia (d.1934 )January 12 January 20 –Józef Hofmann , Polish pianist (d.1967 )January 22 –Bess Houdini , wife, stage partner ofHarry Houdini (d.1943 )January 23 –Otto Diels , German chemist,Nobel Prize laureate (d.1954 )January 24 –Theodor Tobler , Swiss chocolatier, founder ofToblerone (d.1941 )January 29 –Havergal Brian , British composer (d.1972 )February 8 –Paula Modersohn-Becker , German painter (d.1907 )February 12 –Thubten Gyatso , 13thDalai Lama (d.1933 )February 16 February 19 –Constantin Brâncuși , Romanian sculptor (d.1957 )February 22 –Zitkala-Sa , Native American writer, activist, editor, educator and translator (d.1938 )[ 51] February 23 –Senjūrō Hayashi , Japanese general and politician,Prime Minister of Japan (d.1943 )March 1 –Henri de Baillet-Latour , Belgian International Olympic Committee president (d.1942 )March 2 March 4 –Theodore Hardeen , Hungarian magician and stunt performer, founder of the Magician's Guild (d.1945 )March 5 –Tiburcio Carías Andino ,24th President of Honduras (d.1969 )[citation needed March 6 –A. A. Kannisto , Finnish politician (d.1930 )[ 53] March 7 –Edgar Evans , Welsh naval seaman and polar explorer (d.1912 )March 11 –Carl Ruggles , American composer (d.1971 )March 15 –Óscar R. Benavides , 67th and 76thPresident of Peru (d.1945 )March 21 –Walter Tewksbury , American athlete (d.1968 )March 22 –Henry O'Malley , American fish culturist, United States Commissioner of Fisheries (d.1936 )March 23 –Ziya Gökalp , Turkish writer and poet (d.1924 )March 26 –Wilhelm, Prince of Albania , sovereign Prince of Albania (d.1945 )March 31 –Borisav Stanković ,Serbian writer (d.1927 )Oskar Fischer Erich Raeder April 1 April 3 –Margaret Anglin , Canadian stage actress (d.1958 )April 4 April 9 –Ettore Bastico , Italian field marshal (d.1972 )April 11 –Paul Henry , Irish artist (d.1958 )April 12 –Oskar Fischer , Czech Scientist (d.1942 )April 14 – SirMurray Bisset , South African cricketer, Governor of Southern Rhodesia (d.1931 )April 22 –Róbert Bárány , Hungarian physician, recipient of theNobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d.1936 )April 23 –Mary Ellicott Arnold , American social activist, writer (d.1968 )April 24 –Erich Raeder , German admiral (d.1960 )April 26 –Mariam Thresia Chiramel , Indian Catholic professed religious and stigmatist (d.1926 )May 10 May 18 –Hermann Müller ,Chancellor of Germany (d.1931 )June 4 –Clara Blandick , American actress (d.1962 )June 13 –William Sealy Gosset , English chemist and statistician (d.1937 )June 19 – SirNigel Gresley , English steam locomotive engineer (Flying Scotsman Mallard 1941 )June 22 –Madeleine Vionnet , French fashion designer (d.1975 )Wilhelm Cuno Alphaeus Philemon Cole Mata Hari July 2 –Wilhelm Cuno ,Chancellor of Germany (d.1933 )July 3 –George Murray Levick , British Antarctic explorer and naval surgeon (d.1956 )[ 54] July 6 –Luis Emilio Recabarren , Chilean politician, founder of theCommunist Party of Chile . (d.1924 )July 8 –Alexandros Papanastasiou , 2-time prime minister of Greece (d.1936 )July 12 July 16 –Alfred Stock , German chemist (d.1946 )July 19 July 29 –Maria Ouspenskaya , Russian actress, acting teacher (d.1949 )August 5 –Sydney Spencer Sawrey-Cookson , British judge (d.1933 )August 7 –Mata Hari , Dutch exotic dancer, spy (d.1917 )August 15 –Stylianos Gonatas , Prime Minister of Greece (d.1966 )August 17 August 25 –Eglantyne Jebb , English co-founder of theSave the Children Fund 1928 )August 29 –Kim Ku , Korean politician (d.1949 )September 1 –Harriet Shaw Weaver , English political activist (d.1961 )September 5 –Wilhelm Ritter von Leeb , German field marshal (d.1956 )September 6 –John Macleod , Scottish-born physician and physiologist,Nobel Prize laureate (d.1935 )September 7 –Francesco Buhagiar , 2nd Prime Minister of Malta (d.1934 )September 13 –Sherwood Anderson , American writer (d.1941 )September 15 –Bruno Walter , German conductor (d.1962 )September 16 –Marvin Hart , American boxer (d.1931 )September 18 –James Scullin , 9th Prime Minister of Australia (d.1953 )September 22 –André Tardieu , 3-time prime minister of France (d.1945 )September 23 –Brudenell White , Australian general (d.1940 )September 26 –Edith Abbott , American social worker, educator and author (d.1957 )September 29 –Charlie Llewellyn , first non-white South African Test cricketer (d.1964 )Karl Leopold von Möller Adolf Windaus October 7 –Louis Tancred , South African cricketer (d.1934 )October 9 –Sol Plaatje , South African political activist (d.1932 )October 11 –Karl Leopold von Möller , German officer, journalist, author and politician (d.1943 )October 13 –Rube Waddell , American baseball player (d.1914 )October 21 – SirFraser Russell , South African-bornGovernor of Southern Rhodesia (d.1952 )October 26 –H. B. Warner , English stage, screen actor (d.1958 )October 29 –Anton Boisen , American founder of theclinical pastoral education movement (d.1965 )November 2 –Alfred S. Alschuler , American architect (d.1940 )November 3 –Rupert D'Oyly Carte , English hotelier, theatre owner and impresario (d.1948 )November 7 November 13 –William N. Andrews , American politician and member of theUnited States House of Representatives from 1919 to 1921 (d.1937 )November 17 –August Sander , German photographer (d.1964 )November 23 –Manuel de Falla , Spanish composer (d.1946 )November 24 –Walter Burley Griffin , American architect (d.1937 )December 9 –Berton Churchill , Canadian actor (d.1940 )December 12 –Alvin Kraenzlein , American athlete (d.1928 )December 21 –Jack Lang , Australian politician (d.1975 )December 25 December 29 1877
Edmund Landau Pascual Ortiz Rubio January 2 –Slava Raškaj , Croatian painter (d.1906 )January 3 –Josephine Hull , American actress (d.1957 )January 22 –Hjalmar Schacht , German economist, politician and banker (d.1970 )January 26 –Kees van Dongen , Dutch-French painter (d.1968 )February 4 –Eddie Cochems , father of theforward pass inAmerican football (d.1953 )February 7 –G. H. Hardy , British mathematician (d.1947 )February 8 –Carl Tanzler , German-bornradiology technologist (d.1952 )February 12 –Louis Renault , French industrialist, founder ofRenault automobile company (d.1944 )February 14 –Edmund Landau , German mathematician (d.1938 )February 17 February 19 –Gabriele Münter , German painter (d.1962 )February 25 –Erich von Hornbostel , Austrian musicologist (d.1935 )March 2 –Consuelo Vanderbilt , Duchess of Marlborough (d.1964 )March 4 –Garrett Morgan , American inventor (d.1963 )March 7 –Thorvald Ellegaard , Danish track cyclist (d.1954 )[ 55] March 10 –Pascual Ortiz Rubio , Mexican politician, substitutePresident of Mexico , 1930–1932 (d.1963 )[ 56] March 12 –Wilhelm Frick , German Nazi Minister of the Interior (d.1946 )March 17 –Ville Kiviniemi , Finnish politician (d.1951 )[ 57] March 18 –Edgar Cayce , American psychic (d.1945 )James Montgomery Flagg April 15 –Georg Kolbe , German sculptor (d.1947 )April 17 –Lionel Pape , English actor (d.1944 )April 26 –Alliott Verdon Roe , English aviation pioneer (d.1958 )April 30 –Alice B. Toklas , American writer (d.1967 )May 3 –Karl Abraham , German psychoanalyst (d.1925 )May 24 –Samuel W. Bryant , American admiral (d.1938 )May 25 –Billy Murray , American singer (d.1954 )May 27 –Isadora Duncan , American dancer (d.1927 )June 4 –Heinrich Otto Wieland , German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d.1957 )June 7 –Charles Glover Barkla , English physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d.1944 )June 11 –Renée Vivien , British poet who wrote in French (d.1909 )June 12 –Thomas C. Hart , American admiral, politician (d.1971 )June 14 –Jane Bathori , French opera singer (d.1970 )June 18 –James Montgomery Flagg , American artist, comics artist and illustrator (d.1960 )June 19 –Charles Coburn , American actor (d.1961 )Hermann Hesse George Hackenschmidt John Latham Frederick Soddy Enrico De Nicola Edward Ellington July 2 July 6 –Arnaud Massy , French golfer (d.1950 )July 13 –Erik Scavenius , Prime Minister of Denmark (d.1962 )July 19 –Arthur Fielder , English cricketer (d.1949 )July 27 –Ernst von Dohnányi , Hungarian conductor (d.1960 )July 31 –Louisa Bolus , South African botanist and taxonomist (d.1970 )August 1 –George Hackenschmidt , Estonian strongman, professional wrestler (d.1968 )August 6 –Wallace H. White, Jr. , U.S. Senator from Maine (d.1952 )August 7 –Ulrich Salchow , Swedish figure skater (d.1949 )August 16 –Roque Ruaño , Spanish priest, civil engineer (d.1935 )August 22 –Ananda Coomaraswamy , Ceylonese Tamil philosopher (d.1947 )August 26 –John Latham , Australian politician, judge (d.1964 )August 27 August 29 –Dudley Pound , British admiral (d.1943 )September 1 September 2 –Frederick Soddy , English chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d.1956 )September 6 –Buddy Bolden , American jazz musician (d.1931 )September 14 –Leonhard Seppala , Norwegian-American sled dog breeder, trainer and musher (d.1967 )September 16 –Thomas Alan Goldsborough , American politician, member of theUS House of Representatives from 1921 to 1939 and a United States district judge from 1939 to 1951 (d.1951 )September 25 –Plutarco Elías Calles , Mexican general andPresident of Mexico , 1924–1928; known asJefe Maximo ("Maximum Boss") from 1928 to 1934 (d.1945 )[ 58] September 26 October 10 –William Morris, 1st Viscount Nuffield , British businessman, philanthropist (d.1963 )October 15 –Helen Ware , American stage, film actress (d.1939 )October 21 –Oswald Avery , Canadian-American physician, medical researcher (d.1955 )October 22 –Frederick Twort , English bacteriologist (d.1950 )October 29 –Narcisa de Leon , Filipino film producer (d.1966 )October 30 –Hugo Celmiņš , 2-time prime minister of Latvia (d.1941 )November 1 –Else Ury , German writer, children's book author (d.1943 )November 2 –Claire McDowell , American silent film actress (d.1966 )November 3 –Carlos Ibáñez del Campo , 2-time President of Chile (d.1960 )November 9 November 15 –William Hope Hodgson , English author (d.1918 )November 17 –Frank Lahm , Brigadier General USAF, airship pilot, early military aviator trained by theWright brothers (d.1963 )November 20 –Herbert Pitman , British mariner; 3rd Officer aboard RMS Titanic (d.1961 )November 22 November 24 –Edward C. Kalbfus , American admiral (d.1954 )December 3 –Richard Pearse , New Zealand airplane pioneer (d.1953 )December 4 –Morris Alexander , South African politician (d.1946 )[ 59] December 16 –Kichisaburō Nomura , Japanese admiral and diplomat (d.1964 )December 20 –Thomas Walter Swan , American jurist and judge on theUnited States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit from 1926 until 1975 (d.1975 )December 30 –Edward Ellington , British military officer; Marshal of the Royal Air Force (d.1967 )1878
Carl Sandburg Theodoros Pangalos January 2 –Jaakko Mäki , Finnish politician (d.1938 )[ 60] January 4 January 6 –Carl Sandburg , American poet and historian (d.1967 )January 9 –John B. Watson , American psychologist (d.1958 )January 11 January 12 –Ferenc Molnár , Hungarian-born author (d.1952 )January 16 –Harry Carey , American actor (d.1947 )January 20 –Finlay Currie , Scottish actor (d.1968 )January 22 –Constance Collier , English stage, screen actress (d.1955 )January 23 –Rutland Boughton , English composer (d.1960 )January 25 –Ernst Alexanderson , Swedish-born American television pioneer (d.1975 )January 26 Gordon Coates Kōki Hirota February 1 –Milan Hodža , Slovak politician, champion of regional integration in Europe (d.1944 )February 2 February 3 –Gordon Coates , 21stPrime Minister of New Zealand (d.1943 )February 4 –Grigory Petrovsky , Ukrainian Soviet politician and Old Bolshevik (d.1958 )February 5 –André Citroën , French automobile manufacturer (d.1935 )February 8 –Martin Buber , Austrian philosopher (d.1965 )February 14 –Kōki Hirota , 21stPrime Minister of Japan (d.1948 )February 16 –Big Jim Colosimo , Italian-born American gangster (d.1920 )February 18 –Kate Gordon Moore , American psychologist (d.1963 )February 21 –Mirra Alfassa , multi-origined spiritual leader and founder ofAuroville , India (d.1973 )February 26 –Emmy Destinn , Czech soprano (d.1930 )February 28 –Pierre Fatou , French mathematician (d.1929 )Vicente Mejía Colindres Lionel Barrymore Roy Atwell Gustav Stresemann Princess Ingeborg of Denmark Alfred Döblin May 2 –Roy Atwell , American actor, comedian and composer (d.1962 )May 10 –Gustav Stresemann ,Chancellor of Germany , recipient of theNobel Peace Prize (d.1929 )May 13 –Julia Dean , American actress (d.1952 ),May 16 –Taylor Holmes , American actor (d.1959 )May 17 –Conway Tearle , American actor (d.1938 )May 21 –Glenn Curtiss , American aviation pioneer (d.1930 )May 22 –The Great Gama , Punjabi wrestler (d.1960 )May 25 –Bill Robinson , African-American tap dancer (d.1949 )May 28 –Paul Pelliot , French sinologist (d.1945 )May 29 –Zelmira Segreda Solera de Cappella , Costa Rican soprano (d.1923 )June 1 –John Masefield , English poet, novelist (d.1967 )June 3 –Barney Oldfield , American automobile racer, pioneer (d.1946 )June 5 –Pancho Villa , Mexican revolutionary (d.1923 )June 10 –William Skelly , American oil magnate (d.1957 )June 12 –James Oliver Curwood , American writer, conservationist (d.1927 )June 19 –Yakov Yurovsky , RussianOld Bolshevik , revolutionary, andChekist (d.1938 )June 22 –John Burton Cleland , Australian naturalist, microbiologist, mycologist and ornithologist (d.1971 )June 27 –He Xiangning , Chinese revolutionary, feminist, politician, painter and poet (d.1972 )August 1 August 2 August 9 –Eileen Gray , Irish architect, furniture designer (d.1976 )August 10 –Alfred Döblin , German writer (d.1957 )August 15 –Paa Grant , Ghanaian politician (d.1956 )August 19 –Manuel L. Quezon , 2ndPresident of the Philippines (d.1944 )August 20 –Maria Assunta Pallotta , ItalianRoman Catholic religious professed and blessed (d.1905 )August 26 –Lina Stern , Soviet biochemist, physiologist and humanist (d.1968 )August 27 –Pyotr Wrangel , Russian general, anti-Bolshevik leader (d.1928 )August 28 –George Whipple , American scientist, recipient of theNobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d.1976 )August 31 –Frank Jarvis , American athlete (d.1933 )September 1 –Leonhard Kaupisch , German general (d.1945 )[ 61] September 2 –Werner von Blomberg , German field marshal (d.1946 )September 5 –Robert von Lieben , Austrian physicist (d.1913 )September 9 September 13 –Matilde Moisant , American pilot (d.1964 )September 16 –Karl Albiker , German sculptor, lithographer and teacher (d.1961 )September 20 –Upton Sinclair , American writer (d.1968 )September 22 –Shigeru Yoshida ,Prime Minister of Japan (d.1967 )September 24 –Charles-Ferdinand Ramuz , Swiss writer (d.1947 )September 26 –Kurt von Hammerstein-Equord , German general and Commander-in-Chief of theReichswehr (d.1943 )September 28 –Jirō Tamon , Japanese general (d.1934 )October 1 –Othmar Spann , Austrian philosopher, economist (d.1950 )October 5 –Louise Dresser , American actress (d.1965 )October 9 –Robert Warwick , American actor (d.1964 )October 11 –Nicole Girard-Mangin , French physician in the French Army (d.1919 )October 12 –Karl Buresch , 9th Chancellor of Austria (d.1936 )October 15 –Paul Reynaud , 77th Prime Minister of France (d.1966 )October 16 –Maxie Long , American athlete (d.1959 )October 18 –Miguel Llobet , Spanish guitarist (d.1938 )October 26 –William Kissam Vanderbilt II , American motor racing driver and yachtsman (d.1944 )October 29 –Alexander von Falkenhausen , German general (d.1966 )October 30 –Arthur Scherbius , German electrical engineer, mathematician, cryptanalyst and inventor (d.1929 )Lise Meitner November 1 –Carlos Saavedra Lamas , Argentine politician, recipient of theNobel Peace Prize (d.1959 )November 7 November 8 –Dorothea Bate , British archaeologist and pioneer of archaeozoology (d.1951 )November 14 November 17 –Grace Abbott , American social worker, activist (d.1939 )November 23 Ernest Joseph King , Commander in Chief, United States Fleet and Chief of Naval Operations (COMINCH-CNO) during World War II (d.1956 )Frank Pick , British transport administrator, designer (d.1941 )November 27 –William Orpen , Irish artist (d.1931 )Joseph Stalin 1879
Grace Coolidge Otto Hahn Albert Einstein January 1 January 3 –Grace Coolidge ,First Lady of the United States (d.1957 )January 12 –Calbraith Perry Rodgers , American pioneer aviator, makes first transcontinental U.S. flight (d.1912 )January 20 –Ruth St. Denis , American dancer (d.1968 )January 28 February 6 –Magnús Guðmundsson , 3rd prime minister of Iceland (d.1937 )February 13 –Sarojini Naidu , Indian independence activist and poet (d.1949 )February 20 –Hod Stuart , Canadian professional ice hockey player (d.1907 )February 22 February 26 –Frank Bridge , English composer (d.1941 )March 6 –William P. Cronan , 19thNaval Governor of Guam (d.1929 )March 8 –Otto Hahn , German chemist,Nobel Prize laureate (d.1968 )March 13 –Alfredo Kindelán , Spanish general and politician (d.1962 )March 14 –Albert Einstein , German-born physicist,Nobel Prize laureate (d.1955 )March 18 –Emma Carus , American opera singer (d.1927 )March 20 –Maud Menten , Canadian biochemist and medical researcher (d.1960 )March 26 –Othmar Ammann , Swiss-born American engineer (d.1965 )March 27 Ahmad Nami Kartini Richárd Weisz Georgia Ann Robinson April 1 –Mary J. L. Black , Canadian librarian and suffragist (d.1939 )April 9 –Thomas Meighan , American actor (d.1936 )April 11 –Bernhard Schmidt , German-Estonian optician, inventor (d.1935 )April 16 –Gala Galaction , Romanian writer (d.1961 )April 20 April 21 April 26 –Owen Willans Richardson , British physicist,Nobel Prize laureate (d.1959 )April 29 – SirThomas Beecham , English conductor (d.1961 )April 30 –Richárd Weisz , Hungarian Olympic champion wrestler (d.1945 )[ 63] May 6 –Bedřich Hrozný , Czech orientalist, linguist (d.1952 )May 11 –Ahmad Nami , Prince of the Ottoman Empire, 5thPrime Minister of Syria and 2ndPresident of Syria (d.1962 )May 12 May 16 –Gustaf Aulén , Bishop of Strängnäs in the Church of Sweden (d.1977 )May 19 May 20 –Hans Meerwein , German chemist (d.1965 )May 22 –Alla Nazimova , Russian-born American stage, film actress (d.1945 )May 25 –Max Aitken, 1st Baron Beaverbrook , Canadian-born British statesman and newspaper publisher (d.1964 )May 27 –Lucile Watson , Canadian-born American film, stage actress (d.1962 )May 28 –Milutin Milanković , Serbian scientist (d.1958 )June 3 –Raymond Pearl , American biologist (d.1940 )June 4 –Mabel Lucie Attwell , British illustrator (d. 1964)June 9 –Joseph Avenol , 2nd Secretary General of theLeague of Nations (d. 1952)June 7 –Knud Rasmussen , Danish polar explorer, anthropologist (d. 1933)June 10 –Rafael Erich , Prime Minister of Finland (d.1946 )June 13 June 23 –Huda Sha'arawi , Egyptian feminist (d.1947 )Emperor Taishō Joseph Wirth Joseph Lyons Emiliano Zapata Prince Fransisco José of Bragança July 1 –Léon Jouhaux , French labour leader, recipient of theNobel Peace Prize (d.1954 )July 5 July 9 –Ottorino Respighi , Italian composer, musicologist and conductor (d.1936 )July 15 –Joseph Campbell , Irish poet, lyricist (d.1944 )July 22 –Janusz Korczak (pen-name of Henryk Goldszmit), Polish-Jewish children's author, pediatrician and child pedagogist (b. 1878 or1879 ) (d.1942 )July 26 –Shunroku Hata , Japanese field marshal (d.1962 )July 28 –Lucy Burns , American women's rights campaigner (d.1966 )August 8 August 13 –John Ireland , English composer and organist (d.1962 )August 15 –Ethel Barrymore , American film and stage actress (d.1959 )August 21 –Claude Grahame-White , British aviation pioneer (d.1959 )August 23 –Yevgenia Bosch , Ukrainian politician (d.1925 )August 30 –Fritzi Scheff , Viennese-born American actress and singer (d.1954 )August 31 September 6 September 7 –Francisco José of Bragança , exiled member of theMiguelist branch of theHouse of Bragança andofficer in theAustro-Hungarian army (died1919 )September 14 –Margaret Sanger , American birth control advocate (d.1966 )[ 64] September 15 –Joseph Lyons , 10thPrime Minister of Australia ,Premier of Tasmania (d.1939 )September 20 –Victor Sjöström , Swedish film actor, director (d.1960 )September 25 September 27 Max von Laue Leon Trotsky Paul Klee Prudencia Grifell October 2 –Wallace Stevens , American poet (d.1955 )October 3 –Warner Oland , Swedish-born American actor (d.1938 )October 5 –Francis Peyton Rous , American pathologist, recipient of theNobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d.1970 )October 9 –Max von Laue , German physicist,Nobel Prize laureate (d.1960 )October 15 –Jane Darwell , American actress (d.1967 )October 18 –Giovanni Marinelli , Italian Fascist political leader (d.1944 )October 21 October 25 –Fritz Haarmann , German serial killer (d.1925 )October 29 –Franz von Papen , German diplomat and politician; Chancellor (1932) and Vice-Chancellor (1933–34; under Adolf Hitler) (d.1969 )November 1 –Pál Teleki , 2-time prime minister of Hungary (d.1941 )November 4 –Will Rogers , Native American humorist (d.1935 )November 7 –Leon Trotsky , Russian revolutionary (d.1940 )November 9 –S. O. Davies , oldest post-war British MP (d.1972 )November 10 November 15 –Lewis Stone , American stage, film actor, known for playingJudge Hardy (d.1953 )November 21 –Marie Köstler , Austrian nurse, trade unionist and politician (d.1965 )December 4 –Nagai Kafu , Japanese writer (d.1959 )December 5 –Clyde Cessna , American aviator, aircraft designer, manufacturer (d.1954 )December 10 –E. H. Shepard , English artist, book illustrator (d.1976 )December 12 –Laura Hope Crews , American film, stage actress (d.1942 )December 18 –Paul Klee , Swiss artist (d.1940 )December 20 –Ion G. Duca , 35th prime minister of Romania (d.1933 )December 27 December 28 –Billy Mitchell , U.S. general, military aviation pioneer (d.1936 )December 29 –Florence Mary Taylor , Australia's first female architect (d.1969 )December 30 –Ramana Maharshi , Indiansage ,jivanmukta (d.1950 )Abdallah Beyhum , 10th prime minister of Lebanon (d.1962 )Ali Muhammad Shibli, Bengali revolutionary (d. unknown)[ 65]
Deaths 1870
Francisco Solano López Charles Dickens January 20 –Sir George Seymour , British admiral of the fleet (b.1787 )January 25 –Victor de Broglie , Prime Minister of France (b.1785 )January 29 –Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany (b.1797 )February 7 –Sylvain Salnave , Haitian general, 9thPresident of Haiti (b.1827 )February 11 –Carlos Soublette , 2-time President of Venezuela (b.1789 )February 19 –Nathaniel de Rothschild , French wine grower (b.1812 )March 1 –Francisco Solano López , 2ndPresident of Paraguay (killed in action) (b.1827 )March 3 –Henry Light , third governor of British Guiana (b.1783 )March 4 –Thomas Scott , Canadian Orangeman, surveyor of the Red River Rebellion (shot byLouis Riel and the Métis) (b. c.1842 )March 11 –Moshoeshoe I ofLesotho (b.1786 ?)March 28 –George Henry Thomas , American general (b.1816 )April 11 –Justo José de Urquiza , General, First constitutionalPresident of Argentina (assassinated) (b.1801 )April 15 –Emma Willard , American women's rights activist (b.1787 )April 16 –Domnița Rallou Caragea , Greek princess, independence activist (b.1799 )May 6 – SirJames Young Simpson , Scottish physician, researcher (b.1811 )June 6 –Ferdinand von Wrangel , Baltic-German explorer (b.1796 /1797 )June 7 –Friedrich Hohe , German lithographer, painter (b.1802 )June 9 –Charles Dickens , British novelist (b.1812 )[ 66] June 20 –Jules de Goncourt , French writer, publisher (b.1830 )[ 67] June 23 –Mírzá Mihdí , youngest child of Baháʼí founder Baháʼu'lláh (b.1848 )June 27 –Cyrus Kingsbury , American missionary to Choctaw Indians (b.1786 )Aasmund Olavsson Vinje Alexandre Dumas, père July 10 –Pelaghia Roșu , Romanian heroine (b.1800 )July 22 –Josef Strauss , Austrian composer (b.1827 )August 4 –Abel Douay , French general (killed in action) (b.1809 )August 14 –David Farragut , American admiral (b.1801 )August 17 –Pedro Figueredo , Cuban poet, musician and freedom fighter (b.1818 )September 4 –Juan Javier Espinosa , 9th President of Ecuador (b.1815 )September 23 –Prosper Mérimée , French writer (b.1803 )[ 68] September 27 –William F. Packer , American politician (b.1807 )October 12 November 3 –Diego Noboa , 4th President of Ecuador (b.1789 )November 23 –Giuseppina Bozzacchi , Milanese-born ballerina (b.1853 ) (result of deprivation duringSiege of Paris )November 24 –Comte de Lautréamont , French poet, writer (b.1846 )November 26 –Franz Graf von Wimpffen , Austrian general and admiral (b.1797 )November 28 –Frédéric Bazille , French painter (b.1841 )December 5 December 9 –Patrick MacDowell , Northern Irish sculptor (b.1799 )December 27 –Juan Prim , Spanish general and prime minister (assassinated) (b.1814 )1871
John Herschel Samuel Harvey Taylor January 8 –José Trinidad Cabañas , Honduran general, president and national hero (b.1805 )January 13 –Kawakami Gensai , Japanese swordsman of theBakumatsu period (b.1834 )January 15 –Edward C. Delavan ,American temperance movement leader (b.1793 )January 19 –Sir William Denison , Governor of New South Wales (b.1804 )January 21 –Jan Jacob Rochussen ,Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (b.1797 )January 25 –Jeanne Villepreux-Power , Frenchmarine biologist (b.1794 )February 10 –Étienne Constantin de Gerlache , 1st Prime Minister of Belgium (b.1785 )February 12 –Alice Cary , American poet, sister of Phoebe Cary (b.1820 )February 20 –Paul Kane , Irish-born painter (b.1810 )February 22 –Sir Charles Shaw , British army officer and police commissioner (b.1795 )February 23 –Amanda Cajander , Finnish medical reformer (b.1827 )[ 70] March –Emma Fürstenhoff , Swedish florist (b.1802 )March 18 –Augustus De Morgan , English professor of mathematics, mathematician (b.1806 )March 28 –Nora Hood , Aboriginal Australian religious figure (b.c. 1836 ) April 7 April 30 –Jane Clouson , teenaged British murder victim (b.1854 )May 11 –John Herschel , English astronomer (b.1792 )May 12 –Elzéar-Henri Juchereau Duchesnay , Canadian politician (b.1809 )May 18 –Constance Trotti , Belgian salonnière, culture patron (b.1800 )May 21 –Antonija Höffern , Slovene noblewoman and educator (b.1803 )[ 71] May 23 –Jarosław Dąbrowski , Polish general (b.1836 )June 9 –Anna Atkins , British botanist (b.1799 )Cristina Trivulzio Belgiojoso July 5 –Cristina Trivulzio Belgiojoso , Italian noble, patriot, writer and journalist (b.1808 )July 6 –Castro Alves , Brazilian poet and playwright (b.1847 )July 15 –Tad Lincoln , youngest son of American President Abraham Lincoln (b.1853 )July 31 –Phoebe Cary , American poet, sister to Alice Cary (b.1824 )August 9 –John Paterson , politician in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly (b.1831 )September 16 –Jan Erazim Vocel , Czech poet, archaeologist, historian and cultural revivalist (b.1803 )September 20 –John Patteson , Anglican bishop, missionary (martyred) (b.1827 )September 21 –Charlotte Elliott , English hymnwriter (b.1789 )September 23 –Louis-Joseph Papineau , Canadian politician (b.1786 )October 4 –Sarel Cilliers ,Voortrekker leader, preacher (b.1801 )October 7 –Sir John Burgoyne , British field marshal (b.1782 )October 11 –Joan Cornelis Reynst ,Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (b.1798 )October 16 –Martha Hooper Blackler Kalopothakes , American missionary, journalist, translator (b.1830 )October 18 –Charles Babbage , English mathematician, inventor (b.1791 )October 29 –Andrea Debono , Maltese trader and explorer (b.1821 )[ 72] November 2 –Athalia Schwartz , Danish writer, journalist and educator (b.1821 )November 22 –Oscar James Dunn , Lieutenant Governor of Louisiana (b.1825 )December 21 –Luise Aston , German author, feminist (b.1814 )December 28 –John Henry Pratt , English clergyman, mathematician (b.1809 )1872
Hugo von Mohl Jonathan Letterman Samuel Morse James Gordon Bennett Sr. January 7 –Big Jim Fisk , American financier (b.1835 )January 9 –Henry Halleck , American general (b.1815 )January 13 –William Scamp , English architect and engineer (b.1801 )[ 73] January 21 –Franz Grillparzer , Austrian writer (b.1791 )February 4 –John L. Burns , American veteran of theWar of 1812 , civilian combatant for theUnion Army during theAmerican Civil War . (b.1793 )March or April –Mercator Cooper , American sea captain (b.1803 ) March 8 –Priscilla Susan Bury , British botanist (b.1799 )March 11 –Emily Taylor , English schoolmistress (b.1795 )March 12 –Zeng Guofan (traditional Chinese: 曾國藩 ), Chinese official, military general and Confucian scholar (b.1811 )March 15 –Jonathan Letterman , American surgeon, "father" of battlefield medicine. (b.1824 )March 20 –William Wentworth , Australian explorer (b.1790 )April 1 April 2 –Samuel Morse , American inventor (b.1791 )April 16 –Adolf von Bonin , Prussian general (b.1803 )June 1 –James Gordon Bennett Sr. , Scottish-American newspaper tycoon (b.1795 )[ 74] June 4 June 20 –Élie Frédéric Forey , Marshal of France (b.1804 )Ludwig Feuerbach Lady Beaconsfield Aleksis Kivi July 15 –Mary Eliza Herbert , Canadian publisher and writer (b.1829 )July 18 –Benito Juárez , President of Mexico (1858-1872), of a heart attack (b.1806 )[ 75] September 1 –Robert Gray , firstBishop of Cape Town (b.1809 )September 10 –Avram Iancu , Romanian Transylvanian insurgent (b.1824 )September 13 –Ludwig Feuerbach , German philosopher (b.1804 )September 18 –Charles XV , King of Sweden and Norway (b.1826 )September 18 –Ana María Martínez de Nisser , Colombian heroine, writer (b.1812 )October 4 –Vladimir Dal , Russian lexicographer (b.1801 )October 10 –William H. Seward ,24th United States Secretary of State (b.1801 )October 23 –Théophile Gautier , French writer (b.1811 )October 25 –William F. Johnston , American politician (b.1808 )November 6 –George Meade , American Civil War general (b.1815 )November 23 –Sir John Bowring , British colonial administrator, 4thGovernor of Hong Kong (b.1792 )November 28 –Mary Somerville , British mathematician (b.1780 )November 29 –Horace Greeley , American newspaper editor, Democratic presidential candidate (b.1811 )December 15 –Lady Beaconsfield , wife ofBenjamin Disraeli (b.1792 )December 31 –Aleksis Kivi , Finnish national author (b.1834 )[ 76] 1873
Napoleon III Justus von Liebig David Livingstone January 9 –Napoleon III , lastEmperor of the French (b.1808 )January 18 –Edward Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Baron Lytton , English novelist (b.1803 )January 20 –Basil Moreau , French founder of theCongregation of Holy Cross (b.1799 )January 23 –Ramalinga Swamigal , Hindu religious leader (b.1823 )January 26 –Empress Amélie , consort ofPedro I of Brazil (b.1812 )February 3 –Isaac Baker Brown , English gynaecologist, surgeon (b.1811 )February 7 –Sheridan Le Fanu , Irish writer (b.1814 )[ 77] February 18 –Vasil Levski , Bulgarian revolutionary (executed) (b.1837 )February 23 –Jakob von Hartmann , Bavarian general (b.1795 )March 10 –John Torrey , American botanist (b.1796 )March 24 –Mary Ann Cotton , Englishserial killer (executed) (b.1832 )March 25 –Wilhelm Marstrand , Danish painter (b.1810 )[ 78] March 29 – PrinceUnakan Ananta Norajaya Prince of Siam (b.1856 )March 31 April 11 April 18 –Justus von Liebig , German chemist (b.1803 )April 27 –William Charles Macready , English actor (b.1793 )April 29 –Hortense Globensky-Prévost , Canadian heroine (b.1804 )May 1 –David Livingstone , Scottish explorer of Africa (b.1813 )May 5 –Jerónimo Carrión , 8th president of Ecuador (b.1804 )May 6 –José Antonio Páez , firstpresident of Venezuela (b.1790 )May 7 May 13 –Charles Lucy , English painter (b.1814 )[ 80] May 15 –Alexandru Ioan Cuza , first ruler of Romania (b.1820 )May 20 –George-Étienne Cartier , Canadian statesman (b.1814 )May 22 –Alessandro Manzoni , Italian poet and novelist (b.1785 )[ 81] May 29 –Édouard de Verneuil , French palaeontologist (b.1805 )May 30 –Karamat Ali Jaunpuri , Indian Muslim scholar (b.1800 )[ 82] June 1 –Joseph Howe , Canadian politician (b.1804 )Johan Gabriel Ståhlberg August 18 –Charles II, Duke of Brunswick (b.1804 )August 31 –Charles Ferdinand Pahud ,Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (b.1803 )September 8 –Johan Gabriel Ståhlberg , Finnish priest and father ofK. J. Ståhlberg , the firstPresident of Finland (b.1832 )[ 83] September 11 –Agustín Fernando Muñoz, Duke of Riánsares , morganatic husband ofMaria Christina of the Two Sicilies (b.1808 )September 17 –Alexander Berry , Scottish adventurer, Australian pioneer (b.1781 )September 22 –Friedrich Frey-Herosé , Swiss Federal Councilor (b.1801 )September 23 –Jean Chacornac , French astronomer (b.1823 )September 28 –Émile Gaboriau , French writer (b.1833 )[ 84] October 5 –William Todd , American businessman, Canadian Senate nominee (b.1803 )October 9 –George Ormerod , English historian, antiquarian (b.1785 )October 17 – SirRobert McClure , British Arctic explorer (b.1807 )December 14 1874
Moritz von Jacobi Anders Jonas Ångström January 8 –Abbé Charles Étienne Brasseur de Bourbourg , French writer, historian (b.1814 )January 14 –Johann Philipp Reis , German scientist, inventor (b.1834 )January 17 –Chang and Eng Bunker ,Siamese twins ,sideshow performers (b.1811 )January 19 –August Heinrich Hoffmann von Fallersleben , German poet (b.1798 )January 28 –Ludwig von Gablenz , Austrian general (suicide) (b.1814 )February 3 –William Charles Lunalilo , last monarch of the House of Kamehameha (b.1835 )February 8 –David Friedrich Strauss , German theologian (b.1808 )February 24 –John Bachman , American Lutheran minister, social activist and naturalist (b.1790 )February 27 –Carlos Manuel de Céspedes , Cuban revolutionary hero (b.1819 )March 8 –Millard Fillmore , 74, 13thPresident of the United States (b.1800 )March 10 –Moritz von Jacobi , German engineer, physicist (b.1801 )March 11 –Charles Sumner , American senator, civil rights activist (b.1811 )March 20 –Hans Christian Lumbye , Danish composer (b.1810 )March 30 –Carl Julian (von) Graba , German lawyer and ornithologist who visited the Faroe Islands (b.1799 )April 13 –Etō Shimpei , Japanese statesman (executed) (b.1834 )April 20 –Alexander H. Bailey , American politician (b.1807 )June 17 –Sir Stephen Glynne , British antiquary and politician (b.1817 )June 20 –John Ruggles , American politician (b.1789 )June 21 –Anders Jonas Ångström , Swedish physicist (b.1814 )July 8 –Agnes Strickland , English popular historian (b.1796 )July 12 –Fritz Reuter , German novelist (b.1810 )July 24 –Gijsbert Haan , Dutch-American religious leader (b.1801 )August 14 –Jonathan Clarkson Gibbs , African-American minister, politician (b.1821 )August 26 –Julie-Victoire Daubié , French journalist (b.1824 )August 27 –Ștefan Golescu , 8th prime minister of Romania (b.1809 )September 12 –François Guizot , Prime Minister of France (b.1787 )October 5 –Charles-Mathias Simons , Prime Minister of Luxembourg (b.1802 )October 6 –Samuel M. Kier , American oil magnate (b.1813 )October 23 –Abraham Geiger , Germanrabbi , a founder of EuropeanReform Judaism (b.1810 )October 28 –William Henry Rinehart , American sculptor (b.1825 )November 17 –Francisco de Lersundi y Hormaechea , Spanish noble and politician,Prime Minister of Spain (b.1817 )November 18 – SirHenry Prescott , British admiral and colonial administrator (b.1783 )November 29 –Ioan Manu , Russian politician (b.1803 )December 6 –John Boyle , British politician (b.1803 )December 7 –Constantin von Tischendorf , German Biblical scholar (b.1815 )December 22 –Johann Peter Pixis , German pianist, composer (b.1788 )December 24 –Anna McClarmonde Chase , American spy (b.1809 )1875
Tongzhi Emperor Jean-François Millet Georges Bizet January 12 –Tongzhi Emperor , 8th emperor ofQing dynasty (b.1856 )January 20 –Jean-François Millet , French painter (b.1814 )January 23 –Charles Kingsley , English writer (b.1819 )February 5 –Birgitte Andersen , Danish actress and ballet dancer (b.1791 )February 7 –Edmund Spangler , American stagehand atFord's Theatre (b.1825 )February 22 March 1 –Tristan Corbière , French poet (b.1845 )April 4 –Karl Mauch , German explorer (b.1837 )April 17 –Marija Milutinović Punktatorka , Serbian lawyer (b.1810 )April 25 – the12th Dalai Lama (b.1857 )May 17 –John C. Breckinridge ,14th Vice President of the United States ,Confederate States Secretary of War (b.1821 )May 20 –Amalia of Oldenburg , Greek queen (b.1818 )May 26 –Victoriano Sánchez Barcáiztegui , Spanish Navy officer and hero (killed in action) (b.1826 )[ 86] May 31 –Eliphas Lévi , French occult author, magician (b.1810 )June 2 –Józef Kremer , Polish philosopher (b.1806 )June 3 –Georges Bizet , French composer (b.1838 )June 4 –Eduard Mörike , German poet (b.1804 )June 25 –Antoine-Louis Barye , French sculptor (b.1796 )June 29 –Ferdinand I of Austria , Emperor of Austria (b.1793 )Aleksey Konstantinovich Tolstoy Maximilian Piotrowski July 8 –Francis Preston Blair Jr. , American politician, Civil War officer (b.1821 )July 29 –Paschal Beverly Randolph , American occultist (b.1825 )July 30 –George Pickett , American Confederate general (b.1825 )July 31 –Andrew Johnson , 17thPresident of the United States (b.1808 )August 4 –Hans Christian Andersen , Danish writer (b.1805 )August 6 –Gabriel García Moreno ,President of Ecuador (b.1821 )August 10 –Karl Andree , German geographer (b.1808 )August 11 –William Alexander Graham ,United States Senator fromNorth Carolina , (1840–1843),Confederate States Senator (1864–1865) (b.1804 )August 12 –János Kardos ,Hungarian Slovenes evangelic priest, teacher and writer (b.1801 )August 16 –Prince Karl Theodor of Bavaria , Bavarian field marshal (b.1795 )August 17 –Wilhelm Bleek , German linguist (b.1827 )August 25 –Charles Auguste Frossard , French general (b.1807 )August 27 –William Chapman Ralston , American banker and financier (b.1826 )September 12 –Chauncey Wright , American philosopher and mathematician (b.1830 )September 22 –Charles Bianconi , Italian-Irish entrepreneur (b.1786 )October 10 –Aleksey Konstantinovich Tolstoy , Russian writer (b.1817 )October 12 –Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux , French sculptor, painter (b.1827 )October 15 – ChiefLone Horn , Native American Chief (b.1790 )October 19 –Sir Charles Cowper , Australian politician,Premier of New South Wales (b.1807 )October 24 –Jacques Paul Migne , French priest, theologian, and publisher (b.1800 )November 14 –Werner Munzinger , Swiss adventurer (b.1832 )November 21 –Orris S. Ferry , American Civil War general and politician (b.1823 )November 22 –Henry Wilson ,18th Vice President of the United States (b.1812 )November 24 –William Backhouse Astor, Sr. , American businessman (b.1792 )November 27 –Richard Christopher Carrington , English astronomer (b.1826 )November 29 –Maximilian Piotrowski , Polish painter,Kunstakademie Königsberg professor (b.1813 )December 13 –Théonie Rivière Mignot , American restaurateur and businesswoman (b.1819 )December 25 –Young Tom Morris , Scottish golfer (b.1851 )1876
GeneralGeorge Armstrong Custer Antonio López de Santa Anna January 2 –Meta Heusser-Schweizer , Swiss poet (b.1797 )January 10 –Gordon Granger , American General (b.1822 )January 15 –Eliza McCardle Johnson ,First Lady of the United States (b.1810 )February 10 –Reverdy Johnson , American politician (b.1796 )February 18 –Charlotte Cushman , American actress (b.1816 )February 24 –Joseph Jenkins Roberts , 2-time President of Liberia (b.1809 )March 29 –Karl Ferdinand Ranke , German educator (b.1806 )April 9 –Charles Goodyear , American politician (b.1804 )May 3 –Luis Francisco Benítez de Lugo y Benítez de Lugo (b.1837 )May 7 –William Buell Sprague , American clergyman, author (b.1795 )May 8 –Truganini , Tasmanian language=Aboriginal woman (b. c.1812 )May 24 –Henry Kingsley , English novelist (b.1830 )May 25 –Franz von John , Austrian general and politician (b.1815 )[ 87] May 26 –František Palacký , Czech historian, politician (b.1798 )June 1 –Hristo Botev , Bulgarian revolutionary (b.1848 )June 4 –Abdülaziz , 32ndSultan of the Ottoman Empire (b.1830 )June 6 –Auguste Casimir-Perier , French diplomat (b.1811 )June 7 –Josephine of Leuchtenberg , Queen of Sweden and Norway (b.1807 )June 8 –George Sand , French writer (b.1804 )June 20 –John Neal , American writer, critic and women's rights activist (b.1793 )[ 88] June 21 –Antonio López de Santa Anna , 11-timePresident of Mexico (b.1794 )[ 89] June 25 –George Armstrong Custer , U.S. Army general (killed in action) (b.1839 )June 27 –Harriet Martineau , British social theorist, writer (b.1802 )Wild Bill Hickok July 1 July 15 –Juan Pablo Duarte , Dominican revolutionary and political activist.August 2 –Wild Bill Hickok , American gunfighter, entertainer (b.1837 )September 5 –Manuel Blanco Encalada , Spanish-Chilean admiral and politician, 1st President of Chile (b.1790 )September 7 –Nicolás Patiño Sosa , Venezuelan military man (b.1825 )September 10 –John Ireland Howe , American inventor (b.1793 )September 27 –Braxton Bragg , American Confederate Civil War general (b.1817 )October 1 –James Lick , American land baron (b.1796 )November 16 –Karl Ernst von Baer , Estonian-German scientist, explorer (b.1792 )November 18 –Narcisse Virgilio Díaz , French painter (b.1807 )December 29 –Titus Salt , English woollen manufacturer, philanthropist (b.1803 )December 31 –Catherine Labouré , French visionary, saint (b.1806 )1877
Cornelius Vanderbilt Henrietta A. Bingham J. L. Runeberg Sophie of Württemberg January 1 –Karl von Urban , Austrian field marshal (suicide) (b.1802 )January 2 –Alexander Bain , Scottish inventor (b.1811 )January 4 –Cornelius Vanderbilt , American entrepreneur (b.1794 )January 20 –Dato Maharajalela Lela ,Malay nationalistFebruary 15 –Rayko Zhinzifov , Bulgarian poet and translator (b.1839 )[ 90] February 18 –Henrietta A. Bingham , American editor (b.1841 )February 20 February 25 –Jung Bahadur Rana , Nepalese ruler (b.1817 )March 1 –Antoni Patek , Polish watchmaker (b.1811 )March 24 –Walter Bagehot , British businessman, essayist and journalist (b.1826 )March 25 –Caroline Chisholm , Australian humanitarian (b.1808 )March 31 –Bully Hayes , American-born Caribbeanblackbirder (killed) (b. 1827 or 1829)April 8 –Bernardino António Gomes , Portuguese physician and naturalist (b.1806 )April 14 –Konstantin Bernhard von Voigts-Rhetz , Prussian general (b.1809 )April 15 –J. P. C. Emmons , American attorney and politician (b.1818 )May 6 –J. L. Runeberg , Finnish national poet (b.1804 )[ 92] May 19 –Charlotta Djurström , Swedish actress and theater manager (b.1807 )May 26 –Kido Takayoshi , Japanese statesman (b.1833 )June 3 June 17 –John Stevens Cabot Abbott , American historian, pastor and pedagogical writer (b.1805 )June 22 –John R. Goldsborough , U.S. Navy commodore (b.1809 )July 16 –Samuel McLean , Americancongressman (b.1826 )July 27 –John Frost , British Chartist leader (b.1784 )August 2 –Karl Friedrich von Steinmetz , Prussian field marshalUrdu (b.1796 )August 8 –William Lovett , British Chartist leader (b.1800 )August 17 –Isaac Aaron , English-born physician, owner of theAustralian Medical Journal Australian Medical Association (b.1804 )August 29 –Brigham Young , American Mormon leader (b.1801 )August 30 –Raphael Semmes , American and Confederate naval officer (b.1809 )September 2 –Konstantinos Kanaris , Greek politician (b.1795 )September 3 –Adolphe Thiers , French historian, politician (b.1797 )September 5 –Crazy Horse , American Oglala Lakota chief (b.1840 -45)September 12 –Emily Pepys , English child diarist (b.1833 )September 13 –Alexandre Herculano , Portuguese writer and historian (b.1810 )September 17 –Henry Fox Talbot , English photographer (b.1800 )September 24 –Saigō Takamori , Japanesesamurai (b.1828 )October 3 –James Roosevelt Bayley , firstRoman Catholic Bishop of Newark, New Jersey , and eighthArchbishop of Baltimore (b.1814 )October 10 –Johann Georg Baiter , Swiss philologist, textual critic (b.1801 )October 16 –Théodore Barrière , French dramatist (b.1823 )October 28 –Julia Kavanagh , Irish novelist (b.1824 )October 29 –Nathan Bedford Forrest , American Confederate Civil War General, firstGrand Wizard of theKu Klux Klan (b.1821 )November 1 –Oliver P. Morton , American politician (b.1823 )November 2 –Friedrich Graf von Wrangel , Prussian field marshal (b.1784 )December 12 –José de Alencar , Brazilian novelist (b.1829 )December 17 –Louis d'Aurelle de Paladines , French general (b.1804 )December 29 –Angelica Singleton Van Buren , ActingFirst Lady of the United States (b.1818 )December 30 –William Cormick , physician in Qajar Iran of British origin (b.1822 )[ 93] December 31 –Gustave Courbet , French painter (b.1819 )1878
Victor Emmanuel II Pope Pius IX Anna Sewell William Cullen Bryant SaintMariam Baouardy January 5 –Alfonso Ferrero La Marmora , 6th Prime Minister of Italy (b.1804 )January 8 –Nikolay Nekrasov , Russian poet (b.1821 )[ 94] January 9 – KingVictor Emmanuel II of Italy (b.1820 )January 18 –Antoine César Becquerel , French scientist (b.1788 )February 7 –Pope Pius IX (b.1792 )[ 95] February 11 –Gideon Welles , American politician (b.1802 )February 19 –Charles-François Daubigny , French painter (b.1817 )February 26 –Angelo Secchi , Italian astronomer (b.1818 )March 8 –Archduke Franz Karl of Austria (b.1802 )March 20 –Julius von Mayer , German physician and physicist, a founder of thermodynamics (b.1814 )March 27 – SirGeorge Gilbert Scott , English architect (b.1811 )April 8 –Henrietta Treffz , Austrian soprano, first wife ofJohann Strauss II (b.1818 )April 11 –Robert Wentworth Little , English occultist (b.1840 )April 12 –William M. Tweed , American politician (b.1823 )April 13 –Bezalel HaKohen , Russian rabbi (b.1820 )[ 96] April 25 –Anna Sewell , English author (b.1820 )May 11 –Pierre Philippe Denfert-Rochereau , French military officer and politician (b.1823 )May 12 –Anselme Payen , French chemist (b.1795 )May 13 –Joseph Henry , American scientist (b.1797 )May 14 –Ōkubo Toshimichi , Japanese samurai, later leader of the Meiji restoration (b.1830 )May 28 –John Russell, 1st Earl Russell ,Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b.1792 )June 5 –Ernst von Bibra , German scientist (b.1806 )June 6 June 12 June 15 –Shiv Dayal Singh , founder and first SatGuru ofRadha Soami faith (b.1818 )June 27 –Sidney Breese , U.S. senator from Illinois, 'father of theIllinois Central Railroad ' (b.1800 )July 21 –Sam Bass (outlaw) , American outlaw (b.1851 )July 23 –Carl Freiherr von Rokitansky , Bohemian pathologist, philosopher and politician (b.1804 )August 13 –Henry James Montague , English-born actor (b.1844 )August 16 –Richard Upjohn , English-American architect (b.1802 )August 26 –Mariam Baouardy , SyrianDiscalced Carmelite andMelkite Greek Catholic nun and saint, canonized (b.1846 )August 30 –James Geiss , English businessman (b.1820 )September 7 –Mehmed Ali Pasha , Prussian-born Ottoman military leader (b.1827 )October 4 –Dora Hand , dance hall singer, actress (b.1844 )October 11 – Satanta, Kiowa war chief (b. 1820)December 10 –Henry Wells , American businessman (b.1805 )December 14 –Princess Alice of the United Kingdom (b.1843 )December 18 –W H Payne , actor and mime artist (b.1804 )December 23 –Frederick Aiken , American lawyer, journalist, and soldier (b.1832 )December 24 –Elizabeth Duncan Campbell , Scottish poet and autobiographical writer (b.1804 )December 25 –Henry K. Hoff , American admiral (b.1809 )1879
Heinrich Geissler SaintBernadette Soubirous Sarah Hale January 8 –Baldomero Espartero , Spanish general, regent and Prime Minister (b.1793 )January 24 –Heinrich Geißler , German physicist (b.1814 )January 26 –John Cadwalader , American jurist and politician (b.1805 )January 28 –Hugh M'Neile , Irish-born English Anglican priest. (b.1795 )February 11 –Honoré Daumier , French caricaturist and painter (b.1808 )[ 97] February 21 –Sher Ali Khan , ruler of Afghanistan (b.1825 )February 23 –Albrecht Graf von Roon , Prime Minister of Prussia (b.1803 )February 28 –Hortense Allart , French writer (b.1801 )[ 98] March 1 –Joachim Heer , Swiss politician (b.1825 )March 2 –John Eberhard Faber , German-born American pencil manufacturer (b.1822 )March 3 –William Kingdon Clifford , English mathematician and philosopher (b.1845 )March 10 –Prince Paul of Thurn and Taxis , German prince (b.1843 )March 22 –Sir John Woodford , British army general and archaeologist (b.1785 )March 24 –Juan Antonio Pezet , Peruvian general and politician,President of Peru (b.1809 )March 27 March 29 –Chō Kōran , Japanese poet, painter (b.1804 )March 30 –Thomas Couture , French painter and teacher (b.1815 )April 12 –Richard Taylor , American Confederate general (b.1826 )April 16 –Bernadette Soubirous , FrenchRoman Catholic saint (b.1844 )April 19 –Clara Rousby , English actress (b.1848 )April 23 –Elisabetta Fiorini Mazzanti , Italian botanist (b.1799 )April 30 –Sarah Josepha Hale , American author (b.1788 )[ 99] May 5 –Félix Douay , French general (b.1816 )May 14 May 15 May 21 –Arturo Prat , Chilean lawyer and navy officer (b.1848 )May 24 –William Lloyd Garrison , American abolitionist, journalist, suffragist, and social reformer (b.1805 )June 1 –Napoléon, Prince Imperial , son of French EmperorNapoleon III (b.1856 )[ 102] June 3 –Frances Ridley Havergal , English religious poet (b.1836 )[ 103] June 7 –William Tilbury Fox , English dermatologist (b.1836 )[ 104] June 11 –William, Prince of Orange , heir to Dutch throne (b.1840 )Miguel Grau James Clerk Maxwell Louisa McCord July 7 –Béla Wenckheim , 8th prime minister of Hungary (b.1811 )July 17 –Maurycy Gottlieb , Polish painter (b.1856 )July 19 –Louis Favre , French engineer (b.1826 )August 14 –Ivan Davidovich Lazarev , Russian general (b.1820 )August 27 –Anđeo Kraljević , Herzegovinian Catholic bishop (b.1807 )August 30 –John Bell Hood , American Confederate general (b.1831 )September 9 –John Dennis Phelan , American politician and jurist (b.1809 )September 17 –Eugène Viollet-le-Duc , French architect (b.1814 )September 26 –Sir William Rowan , British field marshal (b.1789 )September 30 –Francis Gillette , American politician (b.1807 )October 8 –Miguel Grau Seminario , Peruvian admiral (killed in action) (b.1834 )October 25 –Nachum Kaplan , Lithuanian rabbi (b.1811 )October 31 –Joseph Hooker , American general (b.1814 )November 5 –James Clerk Maxwell , Scottish physicist (b.1831 )[ 105] November 23 –Louisa Susannah Cheves McCord , American political essayist (b.1810 )[ 106] December 2 –Ferdinand Lindheimer , German-born botanist (b.1801 )December 7 –Jón Sigurðsson , campaigner for Icelandic independence (b.1811 )December 24 –Anna Bochkoltz , German operatic soprano, voice teacher and composer (b.1815 )^ "The Incandescent Light Bulb (1879): October 22-23, 2023" .Census.gov . 19 October 2023. Retrieved3 March 2025 .^ McLellan, B.N.; Proctor, M.F.; Huber, D.; Michel, S. (2017) [amended version of 2017 assessment]."Ursus arctos " .IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017 e.T41688A121229971.doi :10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T41688A121229971.en . Retrieved27 April 2021 . ^ "Yellowstone, the First National Park" .Library of Congress Archived from the original on 11 May 2017.^ Denvir (1990), p.32. ^ Bernard Denvir,The Thames and Hudson Encyclopaedia of Impressionism (1990). ^ "Friedrich Freiherr Kreß von Kressenstein" .prussianmachine.com . Retrieved30 May 2022 .^ Lengermann, Patricia M.; Niebrugge-Brantley, Jill (1998). "Marianne Weber (1870- 1954): A Woman-Centered Sociology".The Women Founders: Sociology and Social Theory, 1830-1930 : a Text/reader . Boston: McGraw-Hill. p. 194.ISBN 978-1-57766-509-0 ^ Fischer, Teresa."Elsa Reger" .Musik und Gender im Internet (in German).Musikhochschule Hamburg . Retrieved23 October 2025 . ^ Manuel Gondra; Carlos E. Castañeda; Jack Autrey Dabbs (1952).Calendar of the Manuel E. Gondra Manuscript Collection, the University of Texas Library . Editorial Jus. p. xv. ^ Roskill, Captain Stephen Wentworth (1980).Admiral of the Fleet Earl Beatty – The Last Naval Hero: An Intimate Biography . London: Collins. p. 20.ISBN 0-689-11119-3 ^ "Kansanedustajat: Matti Turkia" (in Finnish). Helsinki, Finland:Parliament of Finland . Archived fromthe original on 25 July 2020. Retrieved27 December 2023 .^ Solé, Carlos A (1989).Latin American writers . New York: Scribner. p. 431.ISBN 9780684185972 ^ Wroe, David (18 December 2009)."Rosa Luxemburg Murder Case Reopened" The Daily Telegraph Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved30 November 2014 . ^ Victor Iova, "Tabel cronologic", in N. Iorga,Istoria lui Mihai Viteazul , Vol. I, Editura Minerva, Bucharest, 1979, pp. xxvii.OCLC 6422662 ^ Mir Shamsur Rahman (2012)."Panni, Wazed Ali Khan" . InSirajul Islam ; Miah, Sajahan;Khanam, Mahfuza ; Ahmed, Sabbir (eds.).Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh Asiatic Society of Bangladesh .ISBN 984-32-0576-6 OCLC 52727562 .OL 30677644M . Retrieved12 February 2026 . ^ "Virginia Fábregas" . Rotonda de las Personas Ilustres. Archived fromthe original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved13 June 2014 .^ Umar, Badruddin (2012)."Kasem, Abul" . InSirajul Islam ; Miah, Sajahan;Khanam, Mahfuza ; Ahmed, Sabbir (eds.).Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh Asiatic Society of Bangladesh .ISBN 984-32-0576-6 OCLC 52727562 .OL 30677644M . Retrieved12 February 2026 .^ Kim Gap-sun Archived 2013-06-27 atarchive.today (in Korean) ^ "Roald Amundsen | Biography, Facts, Expeditions, South Pole, Northwest Passage, & Death" .Encyclopedia Britannica . Retrieved5 November 2021 .^ Crawford, Alan (23 September 2004). "Beardsley, Aubrey Vincent (1872–1898), illustrator".Oxford Dictionary of National Biography .Oxford Dictionary of National Biography doi :10.1093/ref:odnb/1821 (Subscription,Wikipedia Library access orUK public library membership required.) ^ "Admiral Joseph Mason Reeves, USN" .usssanfrancisco.org .United States Navy , Naval Biography Division of Naval Records & History, Op-29. 20 May 1952. Retrieved1 May 2025 .^ Rossel, Sven (1984).Johannes V. Jensen . Boston: Twayne Publishers. p. 1.ISBN 9780805765656 ^ Cummins, Laurel (2005).Colette and the conquest of self . Birmingham, Ala: Summa. p. 20.ISBN 9781883479466 ^ "Thomas Andrews | Irish ship designer | Britannica" .www.britannica.com . Retrieved15 April 2022 .^ Jaffé, Daniel (2012).Historical dictionary of Russian music . Lanham, Md: Scarecrow Press. p. 83.ISBN 9780810879805 ^ Caruso, Enrico (1997).Enrico Caruso : my father and my family . Portland, Ore: Amadeus Press. p. 19.ISBN 9781574670226 ^ Steinberg, Michael (2000).The concerto : a listener's guide . Oxford New York: Oxford University Press. p. 380.ISBN 9780195103304 ^ Steinberg, Michael (1995).The symphony : a listener's guide . New York: Oxford University Press. p. 443.ISBN 9780195126655 ^ Parini, Jay (2004).The Oxford encyclopedia of American literature . New York: Oxford University Press. p. 118.ISBN 9780195156539 ^ "Etusivu" .kansallisbiografia.fi .^ Wharton, Edith (2000).Yrs. ever affly : the correspondence of Edith Wharton and Louis Bromfield . East Lansing: Michigan State University Press. p. 111.ISBN 9780870135163 ^ Bloom, Ken (2013).Routledge Guide to Broadway . Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. p. 104.ISBN 9781135871178 ^ Ben Fisher (2000).The Pataphysician's Library: An Exploration of Alfred Jarry's 'Livres Pairs' . Liverpool University Press. p. 4.ISBN 9781781388013 ^ Urho Kekkosen isä Juho –Kotiseurakuntani (in Finnish)^ "Person: Merinen, Juho Rikard" .War Victims of Finland 1914–1922 National Archives of Finland . Retrieved23 July 2023 .^ Hardy, Phil (1995).The Da Capo companion to 20th-century popular music . New York: Da Capo Press. p. 402.ISBN 9780306806407 ^ "William Boyle, 12th Earl of Cork and Orrery" Oxford Dictionary of National Biography doi :10.1093/ref:odnb/32015 . Retrieved20 September 2014 .(Subscription,Wikipedia Library access orUK public library membership required.) ^ Parini, Jay (2004).The Oxford encyclopedia of American literature . New York: Oxford University Press. p. 240.ISBN 9780195156539 ^ Henderson, Lesley (1990).Twentieth-Century romance and historical writers . Chicago: St. James Press. p. 243.ISBN 9780912289977 ^ Ahmed, Siraj Uddin (2010). "নেছারউদ্দীন আহমদ (রহ.), শাহ সূফী, (শর্শিনার পির সাহেব)".বরিশাল বিভাগের ইতিহাস [History of Barisal Division ] (in Bengali). Vol. 2.Dhaka : Bhaskar Prakashani.^ Tudor, Anghel C. (10 April 2019)."Celebrități medicale buzoiene / Doctor Mișea Filip, creatorul secției de contagioase a Spitalului Gârlași" .Opinia Buzău (in Romanian). ^ Leistenschneider, María & Leistenschneider, Freddy (1980).Gobernantes de El Salvador: Biografías Governors of El Salvador: Biographies ] (in Spanish).Ministry of the Interior . pp. 179– 182.OCLC 7876291 . Retrieved29 January 2026 . ^ "Person: Lonkainen, Matti" .War Victims of Finland 1914–1922 National Archives of Finland . Retrieved16 December 2023 .^ Lipsett, Louis James ,Dictionary of Canadian Biography , retrieved 26 August 2007^ Kouřimský, Jan (2013).Postavení československého Senátu v politickém systému První republiky The Position of the Czechoslovakia Senate in the Political System in the First Republic ](PDF) (Thesis) (in Czech). 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