May 15–November 15 –Exposition Universelle in Paris, including TheSalon of 1855 for art.Gustave Courbet, having had several of his paintings rejected, including the monumentalThe Painter's Studio (L'Atelier du peintre, "a real allegory summing up seven years of my artistic and moral life"), exhibits in a temporaryPavillon du Réalisme adjacent to the official show, creating both public outrage and artistic admiration. The official exhibition includes a retrospective of the paintings ofJean Auguste Dominique Ingres.