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296 members of theElectoral College 149 electoral votes needed to win | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Turnout | 69.5%[1] 3.3pp | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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 Presidential election results map.Blue denotes states won by Pierce/King andYellow by Scott/Graham. Numbers indicate the number ofelectoral votes cast by each state. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Presidential elections were held in theUnited States on November 2, 1852.Democratic nomineeFranklin Pierce defeatedWhig nominee GeneralWinfield Scott.
Incumbent Whig PresidentMillard Fillmore had succeeded to the presidency in 1850 upon the death of PresidentZachary Taylor. Fillmore endorsed theCompromise of 1850 and enforced theFugitive Slave Law. This earned Fillmore Southern voter support and Northern voter opposition. On the 53rd ballot of the sectionally divided1852 Whig National Convention, Scott defeated Fillmore for the nomination. Democrats divided among four major candidates at the1852 Democratic National Convention. On the 49th ballot,dark horse candidate Franklin Pierce won nomination by consensus compromise. TheFree Soil Party, athird party opposed to the extension of slavery in the United States and into theterritories, nominated New Hampshire SenatorJohn P. Hale.
With few policy differences between the two major candidates, the election became a personality contest. Though Scott had commanded in theMexican–American War, Pierce also served. Scott strained Whig Party unity as his anti-slavery reputation gravely damaged his campaign in the South. A group of Southern Whigs and a separate group of Southern Democrats each nominated insurgent tickets, but both efforts failed to attract support.
Pierce and running mateWilliam R. King won a comfortable popular majority, carrying 27 of the 31 states. Pierce won thehighest share of the electoral vote sinceJames Monroe's uncontested1820 re-election. The Free Soil Party regressed to less than five percent of the national popular vote, down from more than ten percent in 1848, while overwhelming defeat and disagreement about slavery soon drove the Whig Party to disintegrate. Anti-slavery Whigs and Free Soilers would ultimately coalesce into the newRepublican Party, which would quickly become a formidable movement in the free states.
Not until1876 would Democrats again win a majority of the popular vote for president, and not until1932 would they win a majority in both the popular vote and the electoral college.
| 1852 Democratic Party ticket | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Franklin Pierce | William R. King | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| for President | for Vice President | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| U.S. senator fromNew Hampshire (1837–1842) | U.S. senator fromAlabama (1819–1844 & 1848–1852) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The Democratic Party held itsnational convention in Baltimore, Maryland, in June 1852.Benjamin F. Hallett, the chair of theDemocratic National Committee, limited the sizes of the delegations to their electoral votes and a vote to maintain the two-thirds requirement for the presidential and vice-presidential nomination was passed by a vote of 269 to 13.[2]
James Buchanan,Lewis Cass,William L. Marcy, andStephen A. Douglas were the main candidates for the nomination. All of the candidates led the ballot for the presidential nomination at one point, but all of them failed to meet the two-thirds requirement.Franklin Pierce was put up for the nomination by the Virginia delegation. Pierce won the nomination when the delegates switched their support to him after he had received the unanimous support of the delegates from New England. He won on the second day of balloting after forty-nine ballots.[2][3]
The delegation from Maine proposed that the vice-presidential nomination should be given to somebody from the Southern United States withWilliam R. King being specifically named. King led on the first ballot before winning on the second ballot.[2]
| 1852 Whig Party ticket | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Winfield Scott | William A. Graham | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| for President | for Vice President | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| 3rd Commanding General of the U.S. Army (1841–1861) | 20th U.S. Secretary of the Navy (1850–1852) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The Whig Party held itsnational convention in Baltimore, Maryland, in June 1852. The call for the convention had been made by Whig members of the United States Congress and thirty-one states were represented. A vote to have each state's vote be based on its electoral college strength was passed by a vote of 149 to 144, but it was rescinded due to disagreements from the Southern states and smaller Northern states.[2]
The party had been divided by theCompromise of 1850 and was divided over the presidential nomination between incumbent presidentMillard Fillmore, who received support from the South, andWinfield Scott, who received his support from the North.William H. Seward, who had been the main opponent of the compromise in theUnited States Senate and advised PresidentZachary Taylor against it, supported Scott. Fillmore offered to give his delegates toDaniel Webster if he received the support of forty-one delegates on his own, but Webster was unsuccessful. Scott won the nomination on the 53rd ballot.William Alexander Graham won the vice-presidential nomination without a formal vote.[2][4]
Nine southern Whig members of Congress, includingAlexander H. Stephens andRobert Toombs, refused to support Scott.[5]
TheFree Soil Party was still the strongestthird party in 1852. However, following the Compromise of 1850, most of the "Barnburners" who supported it in 1848 had returned to the Democratic Party while most of theConscience Whigs rejoined the Whig Party. The second Free Soil National Convention assembled in the Masonic Hall inPittsburgh, Pennsylvania. New Hampshire senatorJohn P. Hale was nominated for president with 192 delegate votes (sixteen votes were cast for a smattering of candidates).George W. Julian of Indiana was nominated for vice president overSamuel Lewis of Ohio andJoshua R. Giddings of Ohio.
A movement among disaffected Whigs to nominateDaniel Webster began in earnest following the Whig National Convention. As Webster made his way from Washington tohis farm inFranklin, New Hampshire, many Whigs expressed their continued loyalty to him; some spoke of forming a new "Union" party with Webster as its presidential candidate.[6] Webster received letters pressuring him to endorse the new party movement, hoping he'd allow his name to be used by an opposition convention. In Boston, the Webster movement was led by those who had opposed Scott's nomination, most notablyGeorge Ticknor Curtis, who had served controversially as a federal fugitive slave commissioner. These men had grown tired of military chieftains at the top of the Whig ticket and argued that the party had fallen under the control of dangerous foes of the Compromise. They lacked political experience and had little to lose.[7]
When Webster reached Boston, the city held a huge celebration in his honor, which was "by far the most impressive and touching demonstration ever made by that people toward Mr. Webster." This outpouring of devotion, while helping to ease the sting of his defeat, alarmed some pro-Scott Whigs who feared it would lead to Webster's nomination by a "National Union Convention."[6]
Those who had stuck with Webster throughout the nomination season knew that an independent bid was hopeless. They feared that his candidacy would damage the Whig Party and tarnish his legacy as the great "Defender of the Constitution." Although opposed to his nomination, Webster met Curtis in Marshfield and told him that he could not prevent anyone from voting for him. Privately, he was convinced that the Whig Party was disintegrating and that endorsing its ticket would be both futile and demeaning. In fact, he held a favorable view of Pierce and advised his assistant,Charles Lanman, along withPeter Harvey, to vote for him. Webster would never publicly comment on the nomination movement, which at this point had spread to New York and would shortly receive the endorsement of one faction of the Georgia Constitutional Union Party.[7]
In North Carolina, a group of pro-Webster Whigs nominated electors pledged to Webster and Graham, the Whig nominee for vice president, prompting Graham to disavow the Webster movement.[8]
In Massachusetts, encouraged by the actions of the Georgia Union Whigs, Curtis and his followers held a convention atFaneuil Hall in Boston on September 15 and endorsed the nominations made by the Georgia Unionist convention. However, in early September, Webster's health seriously declined. During his final days, his friends attempted to persuade him to denounce the independent movement. They abandoned their efforts after Abbot, who had initially favored a formal statement of party loyalty, concluded that it was unfair for them to pressure a dying man who had lost all interest in politics. Considering it useless to trouble him further, Curtis, on October 21, ordered the Webster Executive Committee in Boston to suspend activities. Webster died nine days before the election of acerebral hemorrhage on October 24, 1852.[7]
TheConstitutional Union Party was a political party organized in severalslave states to support theCompromise of 1850. It was one of two major parties in the state ofGeorgia in the early 1850s, alongside theSouthern Rights Party. The party formed as a merger of the local Democratic and Whig unionists. While former Whigs in the party were given important positions, such as senate seats, the party's executive committee was made up of mostly Democrats.[9] Following the acquiescence of the Southern Rights leaders to the Compromise after 1851, the need for a dedicated Union party diminished.[10] With a supermajority in the state legislature, the Union Party began its program of division of the political spoils, which eventually led to a split between the Democratic and Whig factions.[9]
Party leaders adopted a wait-and-see attitude as the presidential election approached. In April, Union Democrats held a state convention that nominated delegates to attend the Democratic National Convention. Union Whigs held their own convention later that summer and appointed a delegation led byWilliam C. Dawson to attend the Whig National Convention, instructing them to support the nomination of Millard Fillmore. These separate conventions laid the groundwork for the party's eventual collapse, providing Union Democrats with an excuse to return to the Democratic fold.[9]
Although the Union Democrats supported Pierce as the national Democratic nominee, they refused to support the state Pierce ticket nominated by the Southern Rights Party. Instead, they ran their own ticket with the tacit consent of GovernorHowell Cobb.[9] At the subsequent Constitutional Union state convention on July 15, the Union Democrats were able to nominate an electoral ticket pledged to Pierce, causing Union Whigs to walk out of the convention. Fearing that Scott would repudiate the Compromise, they nominated Webster in a convention at Macon withCharles J. Jenkins as the candidate for vice president. Pro-Scott Whigs held a concurrent convention in Macon, but a fusion of the two groups failed to occur. Following these conventions, the Democratic majority on the Constitutional Union Party's executive committee declared the party dissolved and withdrew the independent Pierce ticket.[9]
Around the mid-1830s,nativists were present in New York politics, under the aegis of the American Republican Party. The American Republican party was formed in 1843 in major opposition toCatholicism and Catholic immigrants. In 1845, the party changed its name to the Native American Party. Their opponents nicknamed them the "Know Nothings". The party liked the name, and it became the official nickname of the party until it collapsed in 1860. In 1852, the original presidential nominee planned by the Native American Party was Daniel Webster, the presidential nominee of the Union Party. They nominated Webster without his permission, withGeorge C. Washington (grandnephew ofGeorge Washington) as his vice presidential running mate. Webster died of natural causes nine days before the election, and the Know-Nothings quickly replaced Webster by nominatingJacob Broom for president and replaced Washington withReynell Coates for vice president.[11]
TheSouthern Rights Party was a political party organized in severalslave states to oppose theCompromise of 1850, viewing it as inadequate protection for the South, and advocate for secession from the Union, though it later abandoned serious plans for secession. It was one of two major parties in the states ofAlabama,Georgia, andMississippi in the early 1850s, alongside theUnion Party.[10] The party was made up of mostly Democrats and State Rights Whigs.[9] By 1851, most Southern Rights Democrats had acquiesced to the compromise, believing further opposition to it was hopeless.[10]
It was unclear in early 1852 if the remnants of the party would contest the presidential election. When the Southern Rights Convention of Alabama inMontgomery was held in early March, only six counties were represented. The convention voted to keep the party alive throughout the southern states to oppose both the Democrats and Whigs, or cooperate with either based on the extent to which their doctrines aligned with the principles of the Southern Rights men.[12] In most states, the party was too disorganized to nominate its own candidate and have an effect on the election. The South CarolinianSouthern Standard argued that the Southern Rights parties should coordinate and attempt to influence the Democratic nomination, though not by joining the Democratic convention, as that might obligate them to support an unfavorable candidate. Instead, the paper proposed holding a parallel convention at the same time and place, so they could be "prepared to act as circumstances might require".[13]
After the Democratic National Convention, the party was not sure that it wanted to support Franklin Pierce and William R. King, the Democratic nominees. Another Southern Rights Convention was held in Montgomery from July 13–15 and debated at length whether to keep up a separate organization and whether they wanted to nominate Pierce.[14]
The convention was unable to arrive at a decision, deciding to appoint a committee to review the positions of Scott/Graham and Pierce/King, with the option of calling a "national" convention if the two major-party tickets appeared deficient. The committee took its time reviewing the positions of Pierce and Scott,[citation needed] finally deciding on August 25 to call a convention for a Southern Rights Party ticket. Pierce had failed to answer their inquiry[15] and on August 27 it was reported that Scort replied to the letter of the Alabama Southern Rights Central Committee, but declined giving specitic answers to their interrogatories.[16]
The convention assembled in Montgomery, Alabama, with 62 delegates present, a committee to recommend a ticket being appointed while the delegates listened to speeches in the interim. The committee eventually recommended former senatorGeorge Troup of Georgia for president, and former governorJohn Quitman of Mississippi for vice president; they were unanimously nominated.[citation needed]
The two nominees accepted their nominations soon after the convention, which was held rather late in the season. Troup stated in a letter, dated September 27 and printed in the New York Times on October 16, that he had planned to vote for Pierce/King and had always wholeheartedly supported William R.D. King. He indicated in the letter that he preferred to decline the honor, as he was rather ill at the time and feared that he would die before the election.[citation needed] The state party's executive committee edited the letter to excise those portions which indicated that Troup preferred to decline, a fact which was revealed after the election.[17]
Seeking to gain favor of the successful national party, whom would most likely be the Democrats, the Resistance Party, as the Georgian branch was known, changed its name to the Southern Rights Party and held a convention on March 31, 1852. At this convention, it nominated delegates to the national Democratic convention and an electoral ticket headed byHerschel V. Johnson andWilson Lumpkin.[9] These men were instructed to show no preference for any particular candidate, although a large majority of the convention that nominated them supported Buchanan as their first choice.[18]
In April, the Democrats in theConstitutional Union Party had held a convention where they nominated delegates to the national Democratic convention. Both groups were seated. Following the dissolution of the Constitutional Union Party, Georgia Democrats and the Southern Rights Party met in a joint convention and attempted to consolidate support for Pierce in a combined Southern Rights-Democratic ticket.[9]
TheLiberty Party had ceased to become a significant political force after most of its members joined the Free Soil Party in 1848. Nonetheless, some of those who rejected the fusion strategy held a Liberty Party National Convention inBuffalo, New York. There were few delegates present, so a ticket was recommended and a later convention called. The Convention recommendedGerrit Smith of New York for president andCharles Durkee of Wisconsin for vice president. A second convention was held inSyracuse, New York, in early September 1852, but it too failed to draw enough delegates to select nominees. Yet a third convention gathered in Syracuse later that month and nominatedWilliam Goodell of New York for president andS.M. Bell of Virginia for vice president. A slate of electors nominated by the Liberty Party received 72 votes in New York.[19]
The Whigs' platform was almost indistinguishable from that of the Democrats, reducing the campaign to a contest between the personalities of the two candidates. The lack of clearcut issues between the two parties helped drive voter turnout down to its lowest level since 1836. The decline was further exacerbated by Scott's antislavery reputation, which decimated the Southern Whig vote at the same time as the pro-slavery Whig platform undermined the Northern Whig vote. After the Compromise of 1850 was passed, many of the southern Whig Party members broke with the party's key figure,Henry Clay.[20]
Finally, Scott's status as a war hero was somewhat offset by the fact that Pierce was himself aMexican–American Warbrigadier general.
The Democrats adopted the slogan:The Whigs we Polked in forty-four, We'll Pierce in fifty-two, playing on the names of Pierce and former presidentJames K. Polk.[21]
Just nine days before the election, Webster died, causing many Union state parties to remove their slates of electors. The Union ticket appeared on the ballot in Georgia and Massachusetts, however.
27.3% of the voting age population and 69.5% of eligible voters participated in the election.[22] When American voters went to the polls, Pierce won the electoral college in a landslide; Scott won only the states ofKentucky,Tennessee,Massachusetts, andVermont, while the Free Soil vote collapsed to less than half of whatMartin Van Buren had earned in the previous election, with the party taking no states. The fact that Daniel Webster received a substantial share of the vote in Georgia and Massachusetts, even though he was dead, shows how disenchanted voters were with the two main candidates.
In the popular vote, while Pierce outpolled Scott by 220,000 votes, 17 states were decided by less than 10%, and eight by less than 5%. A shift of 31,700 votes to Scott in Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Louisiana, Maryland, Missouri, New Jersey, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Rhode Island, would have left the electoral college in a 148–148 tie, forcing a contingent election in the House of Representatives.
As a result of the devastating defeat and the growing tensions within the party between pro-slavery Southerners and anti-slavery Northerners, the Whig Party quickly fell apart after the 1852 election and ceased to exist. Some Southern Whigs would join the Democratic Party, and many Northern Whigs would help to form the newRepublican Party in 1854.
Some Whigs in both sections would support the so-called "Know-Nothing" party in the 1856 presidential election. Similarly, the Free Soil Party rapidly fell away into obscurity after the election, and the remaining members mostly opted to join the former Northern Whigs in forming the Republican Party.
The Southern Rights Party effectively collapsed following the election, attaining only five percent of the vote in Alabama, and a few hundred in its nominee's home state of Georgia. It would elect a number of Congressmen in 1853, but they would rejoin the Democratic Party upon taking their seats in Congress.
Kentucky and Tennessee were the only slave states that Scott won. None of the future Confederate states elected governors in the 1852 and 1853 gubernatorial elections, and the Whigs only won 14 of the South's 65 seats in the U.S. House. The party held no state legislatures in the South except in Tennessee.[5] The Democrats, who carried all but two northern states, would see a decline in the north following the1854 elections due to controversy around theKansas–Nebraska Act. They lost control of all free state legislatures except for two, and their seats in the U.S. House from the north fell from 93 to 23.[23]
The four elections from1840 to 1852 saw the incumbent party defeated each time; the only other such streak was from1884 to1896. This was the last election in which the Democrats won Michigan until 1932,[b] the last in which the Democrats won Iowa, Maine, New Hampshire, Ohio[c] or Rhode Island until 1912, the last in which the Democrats won Wisconsin until 1892, the last in which the Democrats won Connecticut until 1876 and the last in which the Democrats won New York until 1868. It was, however, the last election in which the Democrats' chief opponent won Kentucky until 1896,[d][24] and the last until 1928 in which the Democrats' opponent obtained an absolute majority in Kentucky.
| Presidential candidate | Party | Home state | Popular vote[e] | Electoral vote | Running mate | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Count | Percentage | Vice-presidential candidate | Home state | Electoral vote | ||||
| Franklin Pierce | Democratic[f] | New Hampshire | 1,598,363 | 50.63% | 254 | William R. King | Alabama | 254 |
| Winfield Scott | Whig | New Jersey | 1,385,255 | 43.88% | 42 | William Alexander Graham | North Carolina | 42 |
| John P. Hale | Free Soil | New Hampshire | 155,441 | 4.92% | 0 | George Washington Julian | Indiana | 0 |
| Daniel Webster[g] | Union Whig | Massachusetts | 7,378 | 0.23% | 0 | Charles J. Jenkins | Georgia | 0 |
| Franklin Pierce | Union Democratic | New Hampshire | 5,804 | 0.18% | 0 | William R. King | Alabama | 0 |
| Jacob Broom | Native American | Pennsylvania | 2,415 | 0.08% | 0 | Reynell Coates | New Jersey | 0 |
| George Troup | Southern Rights | Georgia | 2,205 | 0.07% | 0 | John A. Quitman | Mississippi | 0 |
| William Goodell[h] | Liberty Party | New York | 72 | 0.002% | 0 | S.M. Bell | Wisconsin | 0 |
| Total | 3,156,800 | 100% | 296 | 296 | ||||
| Needed to win | 149 | 149 | ||||||
Source (Popular Vote): Dubin, Michael J. United States Presidential Elections, 1788–1860 pp 115-134Source (Electoral Vote):"Electoral College Box Scores 1789–1996".National Archives and Records Administration. RetrievedJuly 31, 2005.
| Pierce | 50.82% | |||
| Scott | 43.88% | |||
| Hale | 4.92% | |||
| Others | 0.56% | |||
| Pierce | 85.81% | |||
| Scott | 14.19% | |||
Source: Data from Dubin, Michael J.United States Presidential Elections, 1788–1860 pp 115-134 with differences withWalter Dean Burnham,Presidential ballots, 1836–1892 (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1955) pp 247–57 noted.
| States/districts won byPierce/King |
| States/districts won byScott/Graham |
| Franklin Pierce Democratic | Winfield Scott Whig | John P. Hale Free Soil | Others | Margin | State Total | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| State | electoral votes | # | % | electoral votes | # | % | electoral votes | # | % | electoral votes | # | % | electoral votes | # | % | # | ||
| Alabama | 9 | 0001361826,881 | 60.89 | 9 | 0004866915,061 | 34.12 | - | no ballots | 000486692,205[i] | 4.99 | - | 11,820 | 26.77 | 44,147 | AL | |||
| Arkansas | 4 | 12,179 | 62.11 | 4 | 7,430 | 24.22 | - | no ballots | no ballots | 4,749 | 24.36 | 19,609 | AR | |||||
| California[j] | 4 | 40,585[k] | 53.12 | 4 | 35,752[l] | 46.79 | - | 62 | 0.09 | - | 56[m] | - | 4,833 | 6.33 | 76,337 | CA | ||
| Connecticut[n] | 6 | 33,249 | 49.79 | 6 | 30,359 | 45.56 | - | 3,161 | 4.73 | - | no ballots | 2,890 | 4.23 | 66,769 | CT | |||
| Delaware[o] | 3 | 6,330 | 49.87 | 3 | 6,299 | 49.63 | - | 63 | 0.50 | - | no ballots | 31 | 0.24 | 12,692 | DE | |||
| Florida | 3 | 4,318 | 60.03 | 3 | 2,875 | 39.97 | - | no ballots | no ballots | 1,443 | 20.06 | 7,193 | FL | |||||
| Georgia[p] | 10 | 34,708 | 55.56 | 10 | 16,639 | 26.63 | - | no ballots | 11,125[q] | 17.81 | - | 18,069 | 28.93 | 62,472 | GA | |||
| Illinois[r] | 11 | 80,368 | 51.86 | 11 | 64,733 | 41.77 | - | 9,863 | 6.36 | - | no ballots | 15,635 | 10.09 | 154,964 | IL | |||
| Indiana[s] | 13 | 94,890[t] | 51.93 | 13 | 80,901[u] | 44.28 | - | 6,928[v] | 3.79 | - | no ballots | 13,989 | 7.65 | 182,719 | IN | |||
| Iowa[w] | 4 | 17,824[x] | 50.02 | 4 | 16,195[y] | 45.45 | - | 1,612 | 4.52 | - | no ballots | 1,629 | 4.57 | 35,631 | IA | |||
| Kentucky[z][aa] | 12 | 53,807 | 48.40 | - | 57,108 | 51.37 | 12 | 256 | 0.23 | - | no ballots | -3,301 | -2.97 | 111,171 | KY | |||
| Louisiana | 6 | 18,653[ab] | 51.95 | 6 | 17,255 | 48.05 | - | no ballots | no ballots | 1,398 | 3.90 | 35,908 | LA | |||||
| Maine | 8 | 41,609 | 50.63 | 8 | 32,543 | 39.60 | - | 8,030 | 9.77 | - | no ballots | 9,066 | 11.03 | 82,182 | ME | |||
| Maryland[ac] | 8 | 40,428 | 53.50 | 8 | 35,080 | 46.42 | - | 56 | 0.07 | - | no ballots | 5,348 | 7.08 | 75,564 | MD | |||
| Massachusetts[ad] | 13 | 45,875 | 35.72 | - | 52,863 | 41.16 | 13 | 28,023 | 21.82 | - | 1,670[ae] | 1.30 | - | -6,988 | -5.44 | 128,431 | MA | |
| Michigan[af] | 6 | 41,842 | 50.45 | 6 | 33,860[ag] | 40.83 | - | 7,237 | 8.73 | - | no ballots | 7,982 | 9.62 | 82,939 | MI | |||
| Mississippi[ah][ai] | 7 | 26,110 | 60.89 | 7 | 16,773 | 39.11 | - | no ballots | no ballots | 9,337 | 21.78 | 42,883 | MS | |||||
| Missouri[aj] | 9 | 38,610 | 56.32 | 9 | 29,947 | 43.68 | - | no ballots | no ballots | 8,663 | 12.64 | 68,557 | MO | |||||
| New Hampshire[ak] | 5 | 28,503 | 56.40 | 5 | 15,486 | 30.64 | - | 6,546 | 12.95 | - | no ballots | 13,017 | 25.76 | 50,535 | NH | |||
| New Jersey | 7 | 44,301 | 52.79 | 7 | 38,551 | 45.93 | - | 336[al] | 0.40 | - | 738[am][an] | 0.88 | - | 5,750 | 6.86 | 83,926 | NJ | |
| New York | 35 | 262,083[ao] | 50.12 | 35 | 234,896[ap] | 44.92 | - | 25,435[aq] | 4.86 | - | 459[ar] | 0.08 | - | 27,187 | 5.20 | 522,873 | NY | |
| North Carolina[as] | 10 | 39,784[at] | 50.39 | 10 | 39,108 | 49.53 | - | 59 | 0.07 | - | no ballots | 676 | 0.86 | 78,951 | NC | |||
| Ohio | 23 | 169,190[au] | 47.94 | 23 | 152,577[av] | 43.24 | - | 31,133[aw] | 8.82 | - | no ballots | 16,613 | 4.70 | 352,900 | OH | |||
| Pennsylvania[ax] | 27 | 198,591[ay] | 51.17 | 27 | 179,216[az] | 46.18 | - | 8,596[ba] | 2.22 | - | 1,677[bb] | 0.43 | - | 19,375 | 4.99 | 388,080 | PA | |
| Rhode Island | 4 | 8,735 | 51.37 | 4 | 7,626 | 44.85 | - | 644 | 3.79 | - | no ballots | 1,109 | 6.52 | 17,005 | RI | |||
| South Carolina | 8 | no popular vote | 8 | no popular vote | no popular vote | no popular vote | - | - | - | SC | ||||||||
| Tennessee[bc] | 12 | 57,056[bd] | 49.27 | - | 58,807 | 50.73 | 12 | no ballots | no ballots | -1,751 | -1.46 | 115,863 | TN | |||||
| Texas[be][bf] | 4 | 11,519 | 73.34 | 4 | 4,187 | 26.66 | - | no ballots | no ballots | 7,332 | 46.68 | 15,706 | TX | |||||
| Vermont | 5 | 13,044 | 29.77 | - | 22,156 | 50.56 | 5 | 8,621 | 19.67 | - | no ballots | -9,112 | -20.79 | 43,821 | VT | |||
| Virginia | 15 | 73,833[bg] | 55.70 | 15 | 58,732 | 44.30 | - | no ballots | no ballots | 15,101 | 11.40 | 132,565 | VA | |||||
| Wisconsin[bh] | 5 | 33,658 | 52.04 | 5 | 22,240 | 34.34 | - | 8,842 | 13.63 | - | no ballots | 11,418 | 17.70 | 64,682 | WI | |||
| TOTALS: | 296 | 1,598,363 | 50.82 | 254 | 1,385,255 | 43.88 | 42 | 155,441 | 4.92 | - | 17,741 | 0.56 | - | 3,156,800 | the US | |||
| TO WIN: | 149 | |||||||||||||||||
States where the margin of victory was under 1%:
States where the margin of victory was under 5%:
States where the margin of victory was under 10%:
| Method of choosing electors | State(s) |
|---|---|
| Each Elector appointed by state legislature | South Carolina |
| Each Elector chosen by voters statewide | (all other States) |
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| Life | |
| Presidency | |
| Public image | |
| Family |
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State results of the1852 U.S. presidential election | ||
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