The year1849 inscience andtechnology involved some significant events, listed below.

• Arnold Adolph Berthold pioneersendocrinology with his observations on the operation of thetesticles inroosters.^[1]
• Nikolai Annenkov begins publication ofFlora Mosquensis Exsiccata, the firstRussianFlora.^[2]
• Richard Owen publishesOn the Nature of Limbs and begins publication ofA History of British Fossil Reptiles.
• William Thompson begins publication (in London) ofThe Natural History of Ireland with the first volume on birds.

• Charles-Adolphe Wurtz obtainsmethylamine.
• Louis Pasteur discovers that theracemic form oftartaric acid is a mixture of the levorotatory and dextrotatory forms, thus clarifying the nature ofoptical rotation and advancing the field ofstereochemistry.^[3]

• George Gabriel Stokes shows thatsolitary waves can arise from a combination of periodic waves.

• January 23 – English-bornElizabeth Blackwell is awarded her M.D. by the Medical Institute ofGeneva, New York, becoming the first woman to qualify as a doctor in theUnited States.
• Britishphysician Dr.Thomas Addison first describesAddison's disease in hisOn the Constitutional and Local Effects of Disease of the Suprarenal Capsules.
• London physician Dr.John Snow first publishes his theory thatcholera is acontagious disease of thehuman gastrointestinal tract in his pamphletOn the Mode of Communication of Cholera.^[4]

• Hippolyte Fizeau measures thespeed of light in air

• March 10 –George Henry Corliss is granted aUnited Statespatent for therotary valveCorliss steam engine.
• April 10 –Walter Hunt is granted a United States patent for the modernsafety pin.^[5][6] In October he patents the firstrepeating rifle to use metallic cartridges (of his own design) and a spring-fed magazine.^[7]
• May 22 –Abraham Lincoln's patent:Abraham Lincoln is granted a United States patent for a buoyancy mechanism to lift boats over river shoals, the only patent ever granted to aPresident of the United States.^[8]
• June 12 –Lewis Haslett is granted the first United States patent for a form ofgas mask.^[9]
• June 20 – Firsttube ofRobert Stephenson'sBritannia Bridge is floated into position on theMenai Strait for theChester and Holyhead Railway'sNorth Wales Coast Line with many leading British railway civil engineers present.^[10]
• Completion ofWheeling Suspension Bridge over theOhio River atWheeling, West Virginia, designed byCharles Ellet, with a world record main span (at this date) of 1,010 ft (310 m) tower to tower.
• Completion ofRoebling's Delaware Aqueduct, a wire suspension bridge carrying theDelaware and Hudson Canal over theDelaware River betweenMinisink Ford, New York, andLackawaxen, Pennsylvania, designed by Russell F. Lord andJohn A. Roebling with a span of 535 ft (175 m).
• Eugene Bourdon patents the Bourdon gauge forpressure measurement in France.^[11]
• David Brewster perfects thestereoscope.
• Erastus Biglow first applies power to acarpet weavingloom, in the United States.
• James B. Francis develops the radial flowFrancis turbine.

• Copley Medal:Roderick Murchison^[12]
• Wollaston Medal for Geology:Joseph Prestwich

• March 7 –Luther Burbank (died1926),Americanplant breeder.
• March 17 –Cornelia Clapp (died1934), American marine biologist.^[13]
• April 19 –John Uri Lloyd (died1936), American pharmacist and science fiction author.
• April 25 –Felix Klein (died1925),Germanmathematician.
• May 25 –Louise Hammarström (died1917), Swedishchemist.
• May 26 –Ernst Remak (died1911), Germanneurologist.
• July 12 –William Osler (died1919),Canadianphysician.
• July 27 –John Hopkinson (died1898),Englishelectrical engineer.
• September 14 –Ivan Pavlov (died1936),Russianphysiologist.
• October 26 –Ferdinand Georg Frobenius (died1917), German mathematician.

• February 28 –Regina von Siebold (born1771), Germanobstetrician.
• March 23 –Andrés Manuel del Río (born1764), Spanish-born chemist.
• March 24 –Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner (born1780), German chemist.
• March 27 -Mauro Ruscóni (born1776), Italian physician and zoologist^[14]
• December 12 –Marc Isambard Brunel (born1769), French-bornengineer.

• 1849 in science
• 19th century in science
• 1840s in science

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