Calendar year
May 24 : A new era in telecommunications begins as the first telegraph message is sent.February 28 : Anexplosion on the USSPrinceton kills the U.S. Secretary of State and the U.S. Secretary of War.1844 by topic Humanities By country Other topics Lists of leaders Birth and death categories Establishments and disestablishments categories Works category
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1844 .
June 3 : Thegreat auk becomes extinct as the last pair of auks is killed on an island ofIceland .1844 (MDCCCXLIV ) was aleap year starting on Monday of theGregorian calendar and aleap year starting on Saturday of theJulian calendar , the 1844th year of theCommon Era (CE) andAnno Domini 2nd millennium , the 44th year of the19th century , and the 5th year of the1840s decade. As of the start of 1844, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Calendar year
In thePhilippines , 1844 had only 365 days, when Tuesday,December 31 was skipped as Monday,December 30 was immediately followed by Wednesday,January 1 ,1845 , the next day after.[ 1] Caroline Islands ,Guam ,Marianas Islands ,Marshall Islands andPalau as part of theCaptaincy General of the Philippines ; these became the first places on Earth to redraw theInternational Date Line .
May 1 – TheHong Kong Police Force , the world's second and Asia's first modern, police force is established.May 23 –Persian prophet TheBáb privately announces his revelation toMullá Husayn , just after sunset, founding theBábí faith (later evolving into the Baháʼí Faith as the Bábintended ) in Shiraz, Persia (modern-day Iran). Contemporaneously, on this day in nearby Tehran, is the birth of`Abdu'l-Bahá ; the eldest Son ofBahá'u'lláh , Prophet-Founder of theBaháʼí Faith . The Báb's mission is to proclaimHe whom God shall make manifest . `Abdu'l-Bahá Himself is later proclaimed by Bahá'u'lláh to be His own successor, thus being the third "central figure" of the Baháʼí Faith.May 24 – The firstelectrical telegram is sent bySamuel Morse from the U.S. Capitol in Washington, D.C. to the B&O Railroad "outer depot" inBaltimore , saying "What hath God wrought".June 3 – The last definitely recorded pair ofgreat auks are killed on theIcelandic island ofEldey .June 4 – Start of theSilesian weavers' uprising . It is crushed by Prussian military on June 6, with 11 weavers killed and numerous arrested.June 6 –George Williams sets up (in London) what is often cited as the first youth organisation in the world[ 7] YMCA . It will grow to a worldwide organisation based in Geneva, Switzerland, with more than 57 million beneficiaries from 125 national associations. George Williams aims to put Christian principles into practice by developing a healthy "body, mind, and spirit." These three angles are reflected by the different sides of the (red) triangle – part of all YMCA logos.June 12 –In the United States, after nine days of heavy rains, theMissouri River and theMississippi River overflow their banks as theGreat Flood of 1844 begins. The water begins to recede byJune 28 and the rivers return to their normal level by mid-July.[ 8] June 15 –Charles Goodyear receives a United Statespatent forvulcanization , a process to strengthenrubber .June 17 –Søren Kierkegaard 'sThe Concept of Anxiety Begrebet Angest by 'Vigilius Haufniensis').June 22 – TheDelta Kappa Epsilon student fraternity is founded atYale College in the United States. ΔΚΕ will be home to many well known figures, such as U.S. Presidents George W. Bush, George H. W. Bush, Gerald Ford and Theodore Roosevelt.June 27 –Killing of Joseph Smith :Joseph Smith , founder of theLatter Day Saint movement , and his brotherHyrum , are murdered inCarthage Jail ,Carthage, Illinois by an armed mob, leading to asuccession crisis in the movement .John Taylor , future president ofthe Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints , is severely injured but survives, while the fourth man inside the upper room, then-apostleWillard Richards , escapes with only a graze to his upper ear.[ 9] July 3 – The United States signs theTreaty of Wanghia with the Qing Empire.[ 10] treaty ports in China withextraterritoriality and is the firstunequal treaty that the United States imposed on the dynasty.July 19 – TheBank Charter Act 1844 is approved, which restricts the powers of British banks, limiting note-issuing powers outside the central Bank of England.August 8 – During a meeting held inNauvoo, Illinois , theQuorum of the Twelve , headed byBrigham Young , is chosen as the leading body ofthe Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints .August 10 – German astronomerFriedrich Bessel deduces from the motion of thebright stars Sirius andProcyon that they have dark companions.[ 11] August 14 –Abdelkader El Djezairi is defeated at theBattle of Isly inMorocco ; sultanAbd al-Rahman of Morocco soon repudiates his ally.August 16 –Narciso Claveria ,Governor-General of the Philippines , makes a decree announcing that Monday, December 30, 1844, will be immediately followed by Wednesday, January 1, 1845. (Tuesday, December 31, 1844, is removed from the Philippine calendar because since 1521 the country has been one day behind itsAsian neighbors.)August 28 –Friedrich Engels andKarl Marx meet in Paris, France.September 25 –27 – The first everinternational cricket match is played in New York City,United States v Canadian Provinces .October 18 –1844 Salta earthquake . A magnitude 6.5 earthquake hitsArgentina 'sSalta Province .October 22 – This second date predicted by theMillerites for theSecond Coming ofJesus (and said to be 6,000 years from creation, relating them to the 6 days of creation, using a day-for-a-year bible principle, with which they proved that the 1,000 years of rest in heaven with God would total to 7,000 years, indicating the completion of creation in the beginning, which make 7 days, but the 7th day is for rest, same as the 7,000th year is for rest in heaven), leads to theGreat Disappointment . TheSeventh-day Adventist Church believes this date to be the starting point of theInvestigative judgment , just prior to the Second Coming of Jesus, as declared in the 26th of 28 fundamental doctrines of Seventh-day Adventists.[ 12] October 23 – TheBáb is publicly proclaimed to be the promised one of Islam (theQá'im , orMahdi ). He is also considered to be simultaneously the return ofElijah ,John the Baptist and the "Ushídar-Máh " referred to in theZoroastrian scriptures.[ 13] He whom God shall make manifest ". He is considered the forerunner ofBahá'u'lláh – the founder of theBaháʼí Faith – whose claims include being the return ofJesus .November 3 –Giuseppe Verdi 's operaI due Foscari Teatro Argentina , Rome.November 6 – TheDominican Republic drafts its firstConstitution .December 4 –1844 United States presidential election :James K. Polk defeatsHenry Clay .December 13 –Hungarian becomes the official language ofHungary .[ 14] December 21 – TheRochdale Pioneers commence business at theircooperative inRochdale , England.December 31 – This date is omitted from the calendar in thePhilippines in order to align it with the calendar elsewhere in East Asia, essentially moving theInternational Date Line to the east of the archipelago.Minna Canth Patrick Collins John Boyle O'Reilly January 7 –Bernadette Soubirous , French visionary from Lourdes (d.1879 )January 9 –Julián Gayarre , Spanish opera singer (d.1890 )January 11 –Franz Schrader , French mountaineer, geographer, cartographer and landscape painter (d.1924 )February 14 –Robert Themptander , 4th prime minister of Sweden (d.1897 )February 20 February 21 –Charles-Marie Widor , French organist, composer (d.1937 )February 26 –Horace Harmon Lurton ,Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d.1914 )February 28 –French Ensor Chadwick , American admiral (d.1919 )March 1 –Dirk van Raalte , AmericanUnion soldier and politician (d.1910 )March 10 –Pablo de Sarasate , Spanish violinist (d.1908 )March 14 –Umberto I , King of Italy (d.1900 )March 18 –Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov , Russian composer (d.1908 )March 19 –Minna Canth , Finnish writer and social activist (d.1897 )[ 15] March 25 –Adolf Engler , German botanist (d.1930 )March 30 –Paul Verlaine , French poet (d.1896 )Mary Cassatt April 1 –Nikolai Skrydlov , Russian admiral (d.1918 )April 13 –John Surratt , suspect in theAbraham Lincoln assassination , son ofMary Surratt (d.1916 )April 16 –Anatole France , French writer,Nobel Prize laureate (d.1924 )[ 16] April 22 –Lewis Powell , attempted assassin ofUnited States Secretary of State William H. Seward , conspirator withJohn Wilkes Booth (d.1865 )April 26 –Lizardo García , 17th President of Ecuador (d.1937 )April 28 –Katarina Milovuk , Serbian educator, women's rights activist (d.1909 )April 29 –Hans von Koester , German admiral (d.1928 )[ 17] Emily Ruete Friedrich Nietzsche Ludwig Grillich QueenAlexandra of Denmark July 11 – KingPeter I of Serbia (d.1921 )July 22 –William Archibald Spooner , British scholar, Anglican priest (d.1930 )July 25 –Thomas Eakins , American painter, sculptor (d.1916 )July 26 –Deodato Arellano , Filipino Propagandist (d.1899 )July 28 –Gerard Manley Hopkins , English poet (d.1889 )July 30 –Robert Jones Burdette , American minister, sentimental humorist (d.1914 )August 5 August 6 –Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (d.1900 )[ 18] August 17 –Menelik II ,Emperor of Ethiopia (d.1913 )August 20 –Mutsu Munemitsu , Japanese statesman, diplomat (d.1897 )August 22 –George W. De Long , American naval officer, explorer (d.1881 )August 23 –Hamilton Disston , American land developer (d.1896 )August 25 –Ramón Auñón y Villalón , Spanish admiral and politician (d.1925 )August 29 –Edward Carpenter , English socialist poet (d.1929 )August 30 –Emily Ruete , Princess of Zanzibar (d.1924 )September 7 –Charles Romley Alder Wright , British chemist (d.1894 )September 13 –Ludwig von Falkenhausen , German general (d.1936 )September 16 –Claude-Paul Taffanel , French flutist, composer (d.1908 )September 20 –William H. Illingworth , English photographer (d.1893 )September 24 –Max Noether , German mathematician (d.1921 )September 28 –Sir Robert Stout , 2-time prime minister of New Zealand (d.1930 )September 29 –Miguel Ángel Juárez Celman , 10th President of Argentina (d.1909 )Francis William Reitz W.C. Bonnerjee October 5 –Francis William Reitz , 5th State President of theOrange Free State (d.1934 )October 11 –Henry J. Heinz , American businessman (d.1919 )October 15 –Friedrich Nietzsche , German philosopher (d.1900 )[ 19] October 16 –Ismail Kemal , Albanian politician and statesman, 1st Prime Minister of Albania (d.1919 )October 22 –Louis Riel , Canadian-American leader (d.1885 )October 23 October 24 –Karl Lueger , Austrian politician,Mayor of Vienna (d.1910 )October 27 –Klas Pontus Arnoldson , Swedish writer, pacifist, recipient of theNobel Peace Prize (d.1916 )November 2 –Mehmed V ,Ottoman Sultan (d.1918 )November 10 –Henry Eyster Jacobs , American Lutheran theologian (d.1932 )November 11 –Marcelino Crisologo , Filipino politician, playwright, writer and poet (d.1927 )November 13 –Andrew Harper , Scottish-Australian biblical scholar, teacher (d.1936 )November 25 –Karl Benz , German automotive pioneer (d.1929 )[ 20] December 1 –Alexandra of Denmark , Queen ofEdward VII of the United Kingdom (d.1925 )[ 21] December 8 –Charles-Émile Reynaud , French science teacher, animation pioneer (d.1918 )December 10 -Edward Loines Pemberton , British philatelist (d.1878 )December 18 –Takashima Tomonosuke , Japanese general (d.1916 )December 29 –Womesh Chundra Bonnerjee , Indian Barrister (d.1906 )January 25 –Jean-Baptiste Drouet, Comte d'Erlon , French marshal (b.1765 )January 27 January 28 –Johannes van den Bosch ,Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (b.1780 )January 29 –Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (b.1784 )February 3 –Frederick Ponsonby, 3rd Earl of Bessborough (b.1758 )February 15 –Henry Addington, 1st Viscount Sidmouth ,Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b.1757 )February 27 –Nicholas Biddle , president of the Second Bank of the United States (b.1786 )March –Carlota , Cuban slave rebel leaderMarch 6 –Gabriel Duvall , American politician andAssociate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (b.1752 )March 8 – KingCharles XIV John of Sweden , Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte, French Napoleonic general (b.1763 )March 20 –Claude Pierre Pajol , French military leader (b.1772 )April 3 –Edward Bigge , English cleric, 1stArchdeacon of Lindisfarne (b.1807 )April 13 –Mamiya Rinzō , Japanese explorer ofSakhalin (b.1775 )April 17 –James Scarlett Abinger , English judge (b.1769 )May 18 –Richard McCarty , American politician (b.1780 )June 13 –Thomas Charles Hope , Scottish chemist, discoverer of strontium (b.1766 )June 15 –Thomas Campbell , Scottish poet (b.1777 )June 27 Melchor Múzquiz July 11 –Yevgeny Baratynsky , Russian poet, philosopher (b.1800 )July 27 –John Dalton , English chemist, physicist (b.1766 )July 28 –Joseph Bonaparte , brother ofNapoleon I , King of Naples and Spain (b.1768 )[ 22] July 29 –Franz Xaver Wolfgang Mozart , Austrian composer (b.1791 )August 2 –Pieter Merkus ,Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (b.1787 )September ? –Robert Taylor , English-bornRadical writer,freethought advocate (b.1784 ) November 14 –Flora Tristan , French feminist (b.1803 )November 29 –Princess Sophia of Gloucester (b.1773 )December 2 –Eustachy Erazm Sanguszko , Polish military leader (b.1768 )December 14 –Melchor Múzquiz , 5thPresident of Mexico (b.1790 )December 20 Nathan of Breslov (b.1779 )December 24 –Friedrich Bernhard Westphal , Danish-German painter (b. 1803)^ Laskow, Sarah (2015-12-30)."In 1844, the Philippines Skipped a Day, And It Took Decades for the Rest of the World to Notice" . Atlas Obscura. Retrieved2023-04-19 . ^ "Saima" .Digital Collections . TheNational Library of Finland . Retrieved22 January 2024 .^ "Saima nro 1, 4.1.1844" .Selected Works of J V. Snellman . Retrieved22 January 2024 .^ "Dominican Republic declares independence as a sovereign state | February 27, 1844" .HISTORY . 2019-10-03. Retrieved2025-07-17 .^ The National Cyclopaedia of American Biography . RetrievedMarch 15, 2017 .^ Sigurðardóttir, Heiða María; Emilsson, Páll Emil."Hvenær var Alþingi stofnað?" .visindavefur.is . Vísindavefurinn. RetrievedSeptember 3, 2021 . ^ History of youth work ^ Emerson W. Gould,Fifty Years on the Mississippi; Or, Gould's History of River Navigation (Nixon-Jones Printing Company, 1889) pp.247-248^ "Doctrine and Covenants 135" .www.churchofjesuschrist.org . Retrieved2019-01-22 .^ "Treaty Of Wangxia (Treaty Of Wang-Hsia 望廈條約), May 18, 1844" .USC US-China Institute . USC Annenberg.^ Bessel, F. W. (December 1844)."On the Variations of the Proper Motions ofProcyon andSirius " .Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society .6 (11):136– 141.Bibcode :1844MNRAS...6R.136B .doi :10.1093/mnras/6.11.136a ^ "Beliefs: The Official Site of the Seventh-day Adventist world church" . Adventist.org. Archived fromthe original on March 10, 2006. Retrieved2015-11-16 .^ Shoghi, Effendi (1944).God Passes By ISBN 0-87743-020-9 Archived from the original on January 19, 2012. Retrieved2012-03-06 .{{cite book }}:ISBN / Date incompatibility (help ) ^ Magyar Közlöny – A MAGYAR KÖZTÁRSASÁG HIVATALOS LAPJA 29 September, 2011 ^ Maijala, Minna."Minna Canth (1844–1897)" .Klassikkogalleria . Kristiina Institute,University of Helsinki . Retrieved8 December 2020 . ^ "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1921" .www.nobelprize.org . Retrieved28 September 2023 .^ Walther Hubatsch (1980)."Koester, Hans von" .Neue Deutsche Biographie ^ Panton, James (February 24, 2011).Historical Dictionary of the British Monarchy ISBN 978-0-8108-7497-8 ^ Hollingdale, R. J. (1999).Nietzsche: The Man and His Philosophy .Cambridge University Press .ISBN 978-0-521-64091-6 JSTOR 2024055 .^ Friedrich Schildberger (1968).Gottlieb Daimler, Wilhelm Maybach and Karl Benz . Daimler-Benz Aktiengesellschaft. p. 59. ^ "Queen Alexandra, wife of Edward VII" .Westminster Abbey . Retrieved7 October 2022 .^ "Joseph Bonaparte | king of Spain and Naples" .Encyclopedia Britannica . Retrieved25 March 2019 .
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