Justus von Liebig publishesDie Organische Chemie in ihre Anwendung auf Agricultur und Physiologie inBraunschweig, emphasising the importance of agricultural chemistry in crop production; it will go through at least eight editions.[4]
Germain Hess proposesHess's law, an early statement of thelaw of conservation of energy, which establishes that energy changes in a chemical process depend only on the states of the starting and product materials and not on the specific pathway taken between the two states.[5]
^Whewell, William (1840). "Introduction".The Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences, founded upon their history. Vol. 1. London: J. W. Parker. pp. 113, 71.
^Rudwick, Martin J. S. (1985).The Great Devonian Controversy: The Shaping of Scientific Knowledge among Gentlemanly Specialists. University of Chicago Press.
^Headrick, Daniel R. (1981).The Tools of Empire: Technology and European Imperialism in the Nineteenth Century. New York: Oxford University Press.ISBN978-0-19-502832-4.
