Calendar year
June 20 :Queen Victoria accedes to the British throne.1837 by topic Humanities By country Other topics Lists of leaders Birth and death categories Establishments and disestablishments categories Works category
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1837 .
1837 (MDCCCXXXVII ) was acommon year starting on Sunday of theGregorian calendar and acommon year starting on Friday of theJulian calendar , the 1837th year of theCommon Era (CE) andAnno Domini 2nd millennium , the 37th year of the19th century , and the 8th year of the1830s decade. As of the start of 1837, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Calendar year
April 12 – The conglomerate ofProcter & Gamble has its origins, when British-born businessmen William Procter and James Gamble begin selling their first manufactured goods (soap and candles) inCincinnati, Ohio .[ 2] April 24 – Thegreat fire in Surat , a city of India, begins. Over a three-day period, the fire kills more than 500 people and destroys more than 9,000 houses.May 10 – ThePanic of 1837 begins inNew York City .May –W. F. Cooke andCharles Wheatstone patent anelectrical telegraph system.June 5 – The city ofHouston is incorporated by theRepublic of Texas .June 11 – TheBroad Street Riot occurs inBoston ,Massachusetts , fueled by ethnic tensions between the Irish and the Yankees.June 20 –Queen Victoria , 18, accedes to the throne of the United Kingdom, on the death of her uncleWilliam IV without legitimate heirs (she will reign for more than 63 years).[ 3] Salic law , theKingdom of Hanover passes to William's brother,Ernest Augustus, Duke of Cumberland , ending thepersonal union of Britain and Hanover which has persisted since1714 .July 13 –Queen Victoria moves fromKensington Palace intoBuckingham Palace , the first reigning British monarch to make this, rather thanSt James's Palace , as her London home.[ 4] July –Charles W. King sets sail on the American merchant shipMorrison . In theMorrison incident , he is turned away from Japanese ports with cannon fire.August 16 – TheDutch colonial forces sack the fortress of Bonjol, Indonesia, ending thePadri War .September 19 –First Carlist War :Battle of Aranzueque – The liberal forces loyal to QueenIsabel II of Spain are victorious, ending the Carlist campaign known as theExpedición Real .September 26 – The destructive "Racer's hurricaneCaribbean , northeasternMexico , theRepublic of Texas and theGulf Coast of the United States and lasts untilOctober 9 , after killing at least 105 people.[ 5] September 28 –Samuel Morse files a caveat for a patent for thetelegraph .[ 6] October 13 – The French army underSylvain Charles Valée captures the city of Constantine inFrench Algeria after a siege of three days.October 30 – TheTsarskoye Selo Railway , the first in theRussian Empire , opens betweenSaint Petersburg Tsarskoselsky station andZarskoje Selo (modern-dayPushkin ), engineered byFranz Anton von Gerstner .[ 7] [ 8] October 31 – In what will become the world's leadingconsumer goods brand ,Procter & Gamble is founded inOhio in the United States.[ 9] November 6 Louis-Joseph Papineau begins theLower Canada Rebellion in theQuebec city ofMontreal .[ 10] November 7 – American abolitionist and newspaper editorElijah Lovejoy is killed by a pro-slavery mob, at his warehouse inAlton, Illinois .November 8 – Mount Holyoke Female Seminary, laterMount Holyoke College , is founded in South Hadley, Massachusetts.November 17 –An earthquake in Valdivia , south-central Chile, causes tsunamis that led to significant destruction along Japan's coast.[ 11] December 4 –Samuel Lount begins theUpper Canada Rebellion by marching with rebel followers toToronto , one month after a similar rebellion against British rule had begun inLower Canada .[ 12] December 17 –Fire breaks out in the Winter Palace , inSaint Petersburg , Russia killing 30 guards.December 23 – TheSlave Compensation Act is signed into law by the government of the United Kingdom. This pays a substantial amount of money, constituting 40% of theTreasury ’s tax receipts at the time, to former enslavers but nothing to those formerly enslaved.[ 13] December 29 – TheCaroline AffairNiagara River , becomes the basis for theCaroline testL’Atelier de l'artiste. An 1837daguerreotype byLouis Daguerre .J. P. Morgan January 2 –Mily Balakirev , Russian composer (d.1910 )January 7 –Thomas Henry Ismay , English shipowner (White Star Line ) (d.1899 )February 5 February 13 –Valentin Zubiaurre , Spanish composer (d.1914 )February 20 –Samuel Swett Green , American librarian, advocate (d.1918 )February 24 –Nakamuta Kuranosuke , Japanese admiral (d.1916 )March 1 –William Dean Howells , American writer, historian, editor, and politician (d.1920 )March 3 –Jacques Duchesne , French general (d.1918 )March 7 –Henry Draper , American physician and astronomer (d.1882 )March 18 –Grover Cleveland , 22nd and 24thPresident of the United States (d.1908 )March 22 –Virginia Oldoini, Countess of Castiglione (d.1899 )March 23 –Sir Charles Wyndham , English actor, theatrical manager (d.1919 )March 27 –Kate Fox , American medium (d.1892 )April 1 –Luis Francisco Benítez de Lugo y Benítez de Lugo (d.1876 )April 5 –Algernon Charles Swinburne , English poet (d.1909 )April 17 –J. P. Morgan , American financier, banker (d.1913 )April 21 –Fredrik Bajer , Danish politician, pacifist, recipient of theNobel Peace Prize (d.1922 )April 27 –Queen Cheorin , Korean queen (d.1878 )April 29 –Georges Ernest Boulanger , French general, politician (d.1891 )May 5 May 7 –Karl Mauch , German explorer (d.1875 )May 9 May 27 –Wild Bill Hickok , American gunfighter (d.1876 )May 28 June 22 June 28 –Petre P. Carp , 2-time prime minister of Romania (d.1919 )Anna Filosofova John Leary Empress Elisabeth of Austria July 4 –Carolus-Duran , French painter (d.1917 )July 15 –Stephanie of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen ,Queen consort of Portugal (d.1859 )July 18 –Vasil Levski , Bulgarian revolutionary (d.1873 )July 21 –Johanna Hedén , Swedish midwife, surgeon (d. 1912)August 1 –(bapt.) Mary Harris Jones ("Mother Jones"), Irish-American labor leader (d.1930 )August 5 –Anna Filosofova , Russian women's rights activist (d.1912 )August 11 –John Ward , English palaeontologist (d.1906 )August 24 –Théodore Dubois , French composer (d.1924 )September 2 –James H. Wilson , Union Armymajor general in theAmerican Civil War (d.1925 )September 12 –Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse (d.1892 )September 14 –Nikolai Bugaev , Russian mathematician (d.1903 )September 16 – KingPedro V of Portugal (d.1861 )September 18 –Aires de Ornelas e Vasconcelos , Portuguese Archbishop of Goa (d.1880 )September 24 –Mark Hanna ,United States Senator fromOhio (d.1904 )October 3 –Nicolás Avellaneda , Argentine president (d.1885 )October 4 –Auguste-Réal Angers , Canadian judge and politician, 6thLieutenant Governor of Quebec (d.1919 )October 5 –José Plácido Caamaño , 12th President of Ecuador (d.1900 )October 10 –Robert Gould Shaw , Union Army general in the American Civil War, social reformer (k.1863 )October 26 –Carl Koldewey , German explorer famous for theGerman North Polar Expedition (d.1908 )October 28 –Tokugawa Yoshinobu , Japaneseshōgun Tokugawa shogunate (d.1913 )[ 15] October 29 –Harriet Powers , African-American folk artist (d.1910 )November 2 –Émile Bayard , French artist, illustrator (d.1891 )November 5 –Arnold Janssen , German-born Catholic priest, saint (d.1909 )November 20 –Lewis Waterman , American inventor, businessman (d.1901 )November 23 –Johannes Diderik van der Waals , Dutch physicist,Nobel Prize laureate (d.1923 )December (unknown date) –Bella French Swisher , American writer (d.1893 ) December 9 –Kabayama Sukenori , Japanesesamurai , general, and statesman (d.1922 )December 11 –Webster Paulson , English civil engineer (d.1887 )December 15 –George B. Post , American architect (d.1913 )December 24 December 26 Alexander Pushkin Osgood Johnson January 8 –Duke Wilhelm in Bavaria , Great-grandfather of Empress Elisabeth of Austria (b.1752 )January 20 –John Soane , British architect (b.1753 )January 23 –John Field , Irish composer (b.1782 )February 7 –Gustav IV Adolf , ex-King of Sweden (b.1778 )February 10 –Alexander Pushkin , Russian author (b.1799 )February 13 –Mariano José de Larra , Spanish author (b.1809 )February 19 –Georg Büchner , German playwright (b.1813 )March 31 –John Constable , English painter (b.1776 )April 4 –Louis-Sébastien Lenormand , French chemist, physicist, and inventor (b.1757 )April 28 –Joseph Souham , French general (b.1760 )May 5 –Niccolò Antonio Zingarelli , Italian composer (b.1752 )May 20 –Prince Frederick of Hesse-Kassel (b.1747 )June 14 –Giacomo Leopardi , Italian writer (b.1798 )June 29 –Nathaniel Macon , American politician (b.1757 )June 20 – KingWilliam IV of the United Kingdom and Hannover (b.1765 )July 18 –Vincenzo Borg , Maltese merchant, rebel leader (b.1777 )August 12 –Pierre Laromiguière , French philosopher (b.1756 )September 7 –Fabian Gottlieb von Osten-Sacken , Russian military leader (b.1752 )September 21 –Pieter Vreede , Dutch politician (b.1750 )September 28 –Akbar II , last Mughal emperor of India (b.1760 )October 1 –Robert Clark , American politician (b.1777 )October 10 –Charles Fourier , French philosopher (b.1772 )[ 16] October 12 –Charles-Marie Denys de Damrémont , French governor-general of French Algeria (killed during the siege of Constantine) (b.1783 )October 17 November 7 –Elijah P. 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