1830–31 United States House of Representatives elections

← 1828 & 1829 July 5, 1830 – October 3, 1831[a] 1832 & 1833 →
All 213 seats in theUnited States House of Representatives 107 seats needed for a majority
Majority party Minority party   Leader Andrew Stevenson John W. Taylor Party Jacksonian National Republican Leader's seat Virginia 9th New York 17th Last election 136 seats 72 seats Seats won 126 66 Seat change 10 6   Third party Fourth party   Party Anti-Masonic Nullifier Last election 5 seats 0 seats Seats won 17 4 Seat change 12 4
Speaker before election Andrew Stevenson Jacksonian ElectedSpeaker Andrew Stevenson Jacksonian

The1830–31 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between July 5, 1830, and October 3, 1831. Each state set its own date for its elections to theHouse of Representatives before the first session of the22nd United States Congress convened on December 5, 1831. Elections were held for all 213 seats, representing 24 states.

The supporters ofPresidentAndrew Jackson lost ten seats during his first term, but managed to maintain control of the chamber amidst the growth of two new opposition movements.

The brash style of Congress during the administration of Jackson caused a number of Americans to become dissatisfied with the government and both of the major parties. Anger over theTariff of 1828 also provided a major issue, particularly in the agricultural South. The Jacksonians remained firmly in control of the House, but lost several seats, as did the minority National Republicans. The Anti-Masonic Party, an aspiring third party which was based on a single issue (distrust ofFreemasonry), was actually able to gain a dozen seats, and four South Carolina Congressman who called themselves Nullifiers (based on the principle of states' rights) were also elected. Thus, this was the first election in the House where both major parties lost seats at the same time; this would not occur again until the1854 elections.

Not including special elections.

State	Type	Date	Total seats	National Republican		Anti-Masonic		Jacksonian		Nullifier
				Seats	Change	Seats	Change	Seats	Change	Seats	Change
Louisiana	Districts	July 5–7, 1830	3	2		0		1		0
Mississippi	At-large	August 2–3, 1830	1	0		0		1		0
Vermont	Districts	September 6, 1830[b]	5	3	1	2	1	0		0
Maine	Districts	September 13, 1830	7	1	2	0		6	2	0
Georgia	At-large	October 4, 1830	7	0		0		7		0
Ohio	Districts	October 12, 1830	14	8	2	0		6	2	0
Pennsylvania	Districts		26	2	1	7	6	17	7	0
South Carolina	Districts	October 11–12, 1830	9	0		0		5	4	4	4
Massachusetts	Districts	November 1, 1830	13	13		0		0		0
New York	Districts	November 1–3, 1830	34	3	8	8	5	23	3	0
New Jersey	At-large	November 6, 1830	6	6		0		0		0
Delaware	At-large	November 13, 1830	1	1		0		0		0
Late elections (after the March 4, 1831 beginning of the term)
New Hampshire	At-large	March 8, 1831	6	0		0		6		0
Connecticut	At-large	April 14, 1831	6	6		0		0		0
Virginia	Districts	April 1831	22	5	1	0		17	1	0
Alabama	Districts	August 1, 1831	3	0		0		3		0
Illinois	At-large		1	0		0		1		0
Kentucky	Districts		12	4	2	0		8	2	0
Missouri	At-large	August 2, 1831	1	0		0		1		0
Indiana	Districts	August 5, 1831	3	0	2	0		3	2	0
Tennessee	Districts	August 4–5, 1831	9	1		0		8		0
North Carolina	Districts	August 11, 1831	13	2	1	0		11	1	0
Rhode Island	At-large	August 23, 1831	2	2		0		0		0
Maryland	Districts	October 3, 1831	9	5	2	0		4	2	0
Total			213	66 31.0%	6	17 8.0%	12	126 59.2%	10	4 1.9%	4

Connecticut elected its six at-large members on a general ticket on April 14, 1831, after the term began but before the Congress convened.

Georgia elected its 7 at-large members on October 4, 1830.

Illinois elected its sole member late on August 1, 1831.

Indiana elected its three members late on August 5, 1831.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates[15]
Louisiana 1	Edward D. White Sr.	National Republican	1828	Incumbent re-elected.	▌YEdward D. White Sr. (National Republican) 100%
Louisiana 2	Henry H. Gurley	National Republican	1822	Incumbent retired. Jacksonian gain.	▌YPhilemon Thomas (Jacksonian) 41.53% ▌Eleazer W. Ripley (Unknown) 37.54% ▌Lafayette Saunders (Unknown) 20.93%
Louisiana 3	Walter Hampden Overton	Jacksonian	1822	Incumbent retired. National Republican gain.	▌YHenry A. Bullard (National Republican) 54.30% ▌Pierre A. Rost (Jacksonian) 45.70%

Maryland elected its nine members on October 3, 1831. In the fifth district, two members were elected on a general ticket. There was a net gain of 2 National Republicans thereby increasing their ratio from 3-to-6 to 5-to-4.

Former U.S. PresidentJohn Quincy Adams was elected inMassachusetts's 11th district, becoming the first former president to re-enter public life after leaving the presidency.

Elections were held November 1, 1830, but at least one district went to so many ballots it failed to achieve a majority election until 1832, just before the next cycle began.

(District numbers differ between sources. District numbers below reflect Martis's references.^[20] Where noted, Congressional Quarterly's "Guide to U.S. Elections"^[21] has different district numbers.)

Elections held early, from August 2 to 3, 1830

Missouri elected its sole member late on August 2, 1831.

New Hampshire elected its six members at-large late on March 8, 1831.

New Jersey elected its six members at-large on November 6, 1830.

New York elected its 34 members from November 1 to 3, 1830.

North Carolina elected its members August 11, 1831, after the term began but before the new Congress convened.

Rhode Island elected its two members at-large late on August 23, 1831.

South Carolina elected its nine members from October 11 to 12, 1830.

Election held late, on August 4, 1831.

Vermont elected its five members on September 6, 1830. Vermont required a majority vote for election, so the 3rd district election was settled on the second ballot on December 7, 1830, and the 4th district election was settled on the eleventh ballot on June 4, 1832.