1822–23 United States House of Representatives elections

← 1820 & 1821 July 1, 1822 – August 14, 1823 1824 & 1825 →
All 213 seats in theUnited States House of Representatives 107 seats needed for a majority
Majority party Minority party   Leader Henry Clay Louis McLane Party Democratic-Republican Federalist Leader's seat Kentucky 3rd Delaware at-large Last election 155 seats 32 seats Seats won 189[a] 24[b] Seat change 34 8
Results by party Results by faction Results:      Democratic-Republican hold     Democratic-Republican gain      Federalist hold     Federalist gain      Undistricted territory or split plural districts
Speaker before election Philip P. Barbour Democratic-Republican ElectedSpeaker Henry Clay Democratic-Republican

The1822–23 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between July 1, 1822, and August 14, 1823. Each state set its own date for its elections to theHouse of Representatives before the first session of the18th United States Congress convened on December 1, 1823. They occurred during President James Monroe's second term.

Following thecongressional reapportionment based on the1820 United States census, the House increased by 26 seats to a total of 213. Most relative population growth was in the West. This was the last House election during the virtually nonpartisanEra of Good Feelings and the largest midterm gain of seats by a President's party. TheDemocratic-Republican Party remained nationally dominant, and theFederalist Party was limited to state and local influence.

This election heralded key change not apparent until the end of the 18th Congress. The four-way1824 presidential election, in which all candidates ran as Democratic-Republicans, would result in no candidate winning anElectoral College majority. Representatives elected to the 18th Congress are often classified by how they voted in the1825 contingent election, which after a controversial, unanticipatedpolitical deal choseJohn Quincy Adams President, triggering a new, rancorous, abruptly realigned period of partisanship.

This election marked the second time in American history where the incumbent president's party gained House seats in a midterm election while still losing seats in the Senate, this happened before in1814 and again in1902.

Following the1820 census, 26 new seats wereapportioned, with 4 States losing 1 seat each, 9 States gaining between 1 and 8 seats, and the remaining 11 States having no change in apportionment.

State	Type	↑ Date	Total seats		Democratic-Republican				Federalist
			Seats	Change	Factions: Adams-Clay (AC), Crawford (C) and Jackson (J)
					AC	C	J	Change	AC	C	J	Change
Louisiana	Districts	July 1–3, 1822	3	2	2	0	1	2	0
Illinois	At-large	August 5, 1822	1		1	0	0		0
Indiana	Districts	August 5, 1822	3	2	0	0	3	2	0
Kentucky	Districts	August 5, 1822	12	2	8	0	4	2	0
Mississippi	At-large	August 5–6, 1822	1		0	0	1		0
New Hampshire	At-large	August 26, 1822[c]	6		6	0	0		0
Rhode Island	At-large	August 27, 1822	2		2	0	0		0
Vermont	At-large	September 3, 1822	5	1	5	0	0	1	0
Delaware	At-large	October 1, 1822	1	1	0			1	0	1	0
Georgia	At-large	October 7, 1822	7	1	0	7	0	1	0
Maryland	Districts	October 7, 1822	9		3	1	2		2	0	1
Missouri	At-large	October 7, 1822	1		1	0	0		0
Ohio	Districts	October 8, 1822	14	8	10	2	2	8	0
Pennsylvania	Districts	October 8, 1822	26	3	0	0	20	5	1	0	5	2
New Jersey	At-large	October 15, 1822	6		1	0	5		0
Massachusetts	Districts	November 4, 1822[d]	13		6	0	0		6	0	1
New York	Districts	November 4–6, 1822	34	7	14	14	2	11	4	0	0	4
South Carolina	Districts	February 12–13, 1823	9		0	0	9		0
Late elections (after the March 4, 1823, beginning of the term)
Virginia	Districts	April 1823	22	1	1	19	1		0	1	0	1
Connecticut	At-large	April 7, 1823	6	1	6	0	0	1	0
Maine	Districts	April 7, 1823[e]	7		6	0	0	1	1	0	0	1
Alabama	Districts	August 3, 1823	3	2	0	0	3	2	0
Tennessee	Districts	August 7–8, 1823	9	3	0	0	9	3	0
North Carolina	Districts	August 14, 1823	13		0	10	2		1	0	0
Total			213	26	72	64	53	34	15	2	7	8
					88.7%				11.3%

There were special elections in 1822 and 1823 to the17th United States Congress and18th United States Congress.

Special elections are sorted by date then district.

Alabama increased from one to three seats in reapportionment following the1820 United States census. The state then changed from a single at-large district to three geographic districts. Alabama elected its members August 3, 1823, after the term began but before the new Congress convened.

SeeNon-voting delegates, below.

Connecticut lost one seat in reapportionment following the1820 United States census. Connecticut elected its members April 7, 1823, after the term began but before the new Congress convened.

Delaware was reduced once more from two back to one seat after thefourth census, which number has remained constant to the present day. At the time of the October 1, 1822, election, the second seat in Delaware's at-large district was vacant, so there was only one incumbent going into the election.

SeeNon-voting delegates, below.

Georgia gained one seat in reapportionment following the1820 United States census. Georgia elected its members October 7, 1822.

Illinois elected its sole at-large member August 5, 1822.

Indiana gained two seats in reapportionment following the1820 United States census, and elected its members August 5, 1822.

Indiana's single at-large seat in the 17th Congress was empty at the time of the election, previous incumbentWilliam Hendricks (Democratic-Republican) having resigned to run forGovernor of Indiana.Jonathan Jennings (Jackson D-R), elected to the new2nd district, was elected in the ensuingspecial election to fill the at-large district for the remainder of the 17th Congress.

Kentucky gained two seats in reapportionment following the1820 United States census. Kentucky elected its members August 5, 1822.

Louisiana gained two seats in reapportionment following the1820 United States census. Louisiana elected its members July 1–3, 1822.

Although Maine neither gained nor lost seats after the1820 United States census, redistricting placed two incumbents into the3rd district. Maine elected its members April 7, 1823, after the term began but before the new Congress convened. Maine law required a majority for election, with additional ballots taken if a majority were not achieved. This proved necessary in 1822 in the1st,3rd,4th, and6th districts, but all members were still chosen before the new Congress convened.

Maryland elected its members October 7, 1822.

Massachusetts elected its members November 4, 1822. Massachusetts law required a majority for election, which was not met in 3 districts, necessitating additional elections on March 3, 1823, and May 12, 1823; nevertheless, all elections were complete before the new Congress convened.

District numbers differed between source used and elsewhere on Wikipedia; district numbers used elsewhere on Wikipedia used here.

SeeNon-voting delegates, below.

Mississippi elected its member August 5–6, 1822.

Missouri elected its member October 7, 1822.

New Hampshire elected its members August 26, 1822. New Hampshire law required a candidate to receive votes from a majority of voters for election, that is 1/12 of votes. Only five candidates received the requisite majority, and so a May 11, 1823, run-off election was held for the sixth seat.

New Jersey elected its members October 15, 1822.

New York's representation increased after the1820 United States census from 27 to 34 seats, elected from 30 districts, two with two members each, and one with three members. New York elected its members November 4–6, 1822.

As in the previous election, the Democratic-Republican Party in New York was divided into two factions, the "Bucktails" and theClintonians, which distinction is not marked here. The Clintonians and the Federalists ran on a joint ticket in 1822 as in 1821, in some cases, it's unclear which party a candidate belonged to, those are marked Crawford Federalist.

North Carolina's delegation remained unchanged after the census, at thirteen seats. North Carolina elected its members August 14, 1823, after the term began but before the new Congress convened.

Ohio gained eight seats in reapportionment following the1820 United States census. Ohio elected its members October 8, 1822.

Pennsylvania gained three seats in reapportionment following the1820 United States census. Pennsylvania elected its members October 8, 1822.

Rhode Island elected its members August 27, 1822.

South Carolina elected its members February 12–13, 1823.

Tennessee gained three seats in reapportionment following the1820 United States census. Tennessee elected its members August 7–8, 1823, after the term began but before the new Congress convened.

Vermont lost one seat in reapportionment following the1820 United States census. For the 1822 election, Vermont switched back to using a single at-large district. This would be the last year that Vermont would use an at-large district until1932, when its representation was reduced to a single seat. Vermont elected its members September 3, 1822.

Virginia lost one seat in reapportionment following the1820 United States census. Nineteen incumbents ran for re-election leaving three open seats. Virginia elected its members in April 1823, after the term began but before the new Congress convened.