1820 United Kingdom general election

← 1818 6 March – 14 April 1820 (1820-03-06 –1820-04-14) 1826 →
← outgoing members elected members →
All658 seats in theHouse of Commons 330 seats needed for a majority
First party Second party   Leader Earl of Liverpool Earl Grey Party Tory Whig Leader since 8 June 1812 — Seats before 280 175 Seats won 341 215 Seat change 61 40
Composition of theHouse of Commons after the election
Prime Minister before election Earl of Liverpool Tory Prime Minister after election Earl of Liverpool Tory

The1820 United Kingdom general election was held on 6 March 1820 to 14 April 1820, to elect members of theHouse of Commons, the lower house ofParliament. Triggered by the death ofKing George III, it produced the first parliament of the reign of his successor,King George IV. It was held shortly after theRadical War in Scotland and theCato Street Conspiracy. In this atmosphere, theTories under theEarl of Liverpool were able to win a substantial majority over theWhigs.

The sixth United Kingdom Parliament wasdissolved on 29 February 1820. The new Parliament was summoned to meet on 21 April 1820, for a maximum seven-year term from that date. The maximum term could be and normally was curtailed, by the monarch dissolving the Parliament before its term expired.

The Tory leader was the Earl of Liverpool, who had been prime minister sincehis predecessor's assassination in 1812. Liverpool had led his party to two general election victories before that of 1820. The ToryLeader of the House of Commons wasRobert Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh.

The Whig Party continued to suffer from weak leadership, particularly in the House of Commons.

At the time of the general election, theEarl Grey was the leading figure amongst the Whig peers. It was likely that Grey would have been invited to form a government, had the Whigs come to power, although in this era the monarch rather than the governing party decided which individual would be prime minister.

TheLeader of the Opposition in the House of Commons,George Tierney, was successful at first after the Whig gains at the1818 general election. However, on 18 May 1819, Tierney moved a motion in the House of Commons for a committee on the state of the nation. This motion was defeated by 357 to 178. Foord comments that "this defeat put an effective end to Tierney's leadership". However he continued to be the nominal leader at the time of the 1820 election.

At this period there was not one election day. After receiving a writ (a royal command) for the election to be held, the localreturning officer fixed the election timetable for the particular constituency or constituencies he was concerned with. Polling in seats with contested elections could continue for many days. It was triggered by the death of King George III.

The general election took place between the first contest on 6 March and the last contest on 14 April 1820.

Monmouthshire (1 County constituency with 2 MPs and one single member Borough constituency) is included in Wales in these tables. Sources for this period may include the county in England.

Table 1: Constituencies and MPs, by type and country

Country	BC	CC	UC	Total C	BMP	CMP	UMP	Total MPs
England	202	40	2	243	404	78	4	486
Wales	13	12	0	26	13	14	0	27
Scotland	15	30	0	45	15	30	0	45
Ireland	33	32	1	66	35	64	1	100
Total	263	114	3	380	467	176	5	658

Table 2: Number of seats per constituency, by type and country

Country	BCx1	BCx2	BCx4	CCx1	CCx2	UCx1	UCx2	Total C
England	4	196	2	0	39	0	2	243
Wales	13	0	0	12	1	0	0	26
Scotland	15	0	0	30	0	0	0	45
Ireland	31	2	0	0	32	1	0	66
Total	63	198	2	42	72	1	2	380

• United Kingdom general elections

• Chase, Malcolm.1820: Disorder and stability in the United Kingdom (Manchester University Press, 2013) pp. 86-97.excerpt
• McQuiston, Julian R. (1973) “Sussex Aristocrats and the County Election of 1820.”The English Historical Review , vol. 88, no. 348, pp. 534–58.online

• Pentland, Gordon. “‘Betrayed by Infamous Spies’? The Commemoration of Scotland’s ‘Radical War’ of 1820.”Past & Present, no. 201, 2008, pp. 141–73.online

• British Electoral Facts 1832–1999, compiled and edited by Colin Rallings and Michael Thrasher (Ashgate Publishing Ltd 2000).Source: Dates of Elections – Footnote to Table 5.02
• British Historical Facts 1760–1830, by Chris Cook and John Stevenson (The Macmillan Press 1980).Source: Types of constituencies – Great Britain
• His Majesty's Opposition 1714–1830, by Archibald S. Foord (Oxford University Press 1964)
• Parliamentary Election Results in Ireland 1801–1922, edited by B.M. Walker (Royal Irish Academy 1978).Source: Types of constituencies – Ireland

• 1820 elections in the United Kingdom
• 1820 in the United Kingdom
• 1820s elections in Ireland
• March 1820
• April 1820
• General elections to the Parliament of the United Kingdom
• Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey
• George III
• Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool

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