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1812 Massachusetts gubernatorial election

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1812 Massachusetts gubernatorial election
← 1811April 6, 18121813 →
 
NomineeCaleb StrongElbridge Gerry
PartyFederalistDemocratic-Republican
Popular vote52,69651,326
Percentage50.60%49.28%
County results
Strong:     50-60%     60–70%
Gerry:     50–60%     60–70%
Governor before election

Elbridge Gerry
Democratic-Republican

ElectedGovernor

Caleb Strong
Federalist

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The1812 Massachusetts gubernatorial election was held on April 6, 1812.

IncumbentDemocratic-RepublicanGovernorElbridge Gerry was defeated byFederalist nomineeCaleb Strong.

General election

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Candidates

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Results

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1812 Massachusetts gubernatorial election[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
FederalistCaleb Strong52,69650.60%
Democratic-RepublicanElbridge Gerry (incumbent)51,32649.28%
Scattering1240.12%
Majority1,3701.32%
Turnout104,146
Federalistgain fromDemocratic-RepublicanSwing

Analysis

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Although the Federalists in Massachusetts had successfully taken the house and the governor's seat from the Democratic-Republican party in the 1812 election cycle, these gains did not translate into control of theMassachusetts State Senate, which remained in the hands of the Democratic-Republicans.[10] The cause for this laid in new constitutionally mandated electoral district boundaries that the state had adopted prior to the election. The Republican-controlled legislature had created district boundaries designed to enhance their party's control over state and national offices, leading to some oddly shaped legislative districts.[11] Although Gerry was unhappy about the highly partisan districting (according to his son-in-law, he thought it "highly disagreeable"), he signed the legislation. The shape of one of the state senate districts inEssex County was compared to asalamander[12] by a local Federalist newspaper in a political cartoon, calling it a "Gerry-mander".[13] Ever since, the creation of such districts has been calledgerrymandering.[11]

On May 30, 1812,Nathaniel Ames wrote in his diary that "Strong declared Governor by majority of 600! and not near so many as the illegal vote of Boston."[14][a]

Notes

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  1. ^In Ames' hometown of Dedham,voters cast 299 votes forElbridge Gerry and 172 forCaleb Strong.[15] The Republicans gained 46 votes over the previous election but the Federalists gained 56.[15]

References

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  1. ^"MA Governor, 1812". Our Campaigns. RetrievedNovember 11, 2021.
  2. ^Gubernatorial Elections, 1787-1997. Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly Inc. 1998. p. 57.ISBN 1-56802-396-0.
  3. ^Dubin, Michael J. (2003).United States Gubernatorial Elections, 1776-1860: The Official Results by State and County. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland. p. xxv.ISBN 978-0-7864-1439-0.
  4. ^Glashan, Roy R. (1979).American Governors and Gubernatorial Elections, 1775-1978. Westport, CT: Meckler Books. pp. 140–141.ISBN 0-930466-17-9.
  5. ^Kallenbach, Joseph E.; Kallenbach, Jessamine S., eds. (1977).American State Governors, 1776-1976. Vol. I. Dobbs Ferry, N.Y.: Oceana Publications, Inc. p. 273.ISBN 0-379-00665-0.
  6. ^"Massachusetts 1812 Governor".Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825.Tufts University. RetrievedNovember 11, 2021.
  7. ^Burdick, Charles (1814).The Massachusetts Manual: or Political and Historical Register, for the Political Year from June 1814 to June 1815. Vol. I. Boston: Charles Callender. p. 26.
  8. ^The Massachusetts Register and United States Calendar; for the Year of Our Lord 1814, &c., &c. Boston: John West & Co. 1814. p. 36.
  9. ^Hayward, John (1847).A Gazetteer of Massachusetts, &c., &c. Boston: John Hayward. p. 417.
  10. ^Griffith, Elmer (1907).The Rise and Development of the Gerrymander. Chicago: Scott, Foresman and Co. p. 72-73.OCLC 45790508.
  11. ^abHart, Albert Bushnell, ed. (1927).Commonwealth History of Massachusetts. New York: The States History Company. p. 3:458.OCLC 1543273. (five volume history of Massachusetts until the early 20th century)
  12. ^Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911)."Gerry, Elbridge" .Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 11 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 903–904.
  13. ^Billias, George (1976).Elbridge Gerry, Founding Father and Republican Statesman. McGraw-Hill Publishers. p. 317.ISBN 0-07-005269-7.
  14. ^Warren, Charles (1931).Jacobin and Junto: Or, Early American Politics as Viewed in the Diary of Dr. Nathaniel Ames, 1758-1822. Harvard University Press. p. 249.
  15. ^abWarren 1931, p. 248.
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