Calendar year
May 11 : British Prime MinisterSpencer Perceval is assassinated.September 15 : Moscow's Military Governor Rostopchin orders the Russian capital to beevacuated and burned down in advance of Napoleon's invasion.1812 by topic Humanities By country Other topics Lists of leaders Birth and death categories Establishments and disestablishments categories Works category
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March 16 –April 6 :Siege of Badajoz 1812 (MDCCCXII ) was aleap year starting on Wednesday of theGregorian calendar and aleap year starting on Monday of theJulian calendar , the 1812th year of theCommon Era (CE) andAnno Domini 2nd millennium , the 12th year of the19th century , and the 3rd year of the1810s decade. As of the start of 1812, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Calendar year
The original Gerrymander July 12 – Americans invade Canada atWindsor, Ontario .July 18 –Russia's Patriotic War –Battle of Klyastitsy :Kulnev defeatsOudinot , but sustains a mortal wound.July 19 –Beethoven andGoethe meet each other inTeplice ,Bohemia .July 22 –Peninsular War –Battle of Salamanca : British forces led bythe Earl of Wellington defeat French troops nearSalamanca , Spain.August 5 –War of 1812 :Tecumseh 'sIndian force ambushesThomas Van Horne 's 200 Americans at Brownstone Creek, causing them to flee and retreat.August 12 –Peninsular War : The combined English and Portuguese army under the command ofWellington entersMadrid , following theBattle of Salamanca .August 15 –War of 1812 –Battle of Fort Dearborn :Potawatomi warriors overrun the United States fort inIllinois Territory .August 16 –War of 1812 : American GeneralWilliam Hull surrendersFort Detroit , without a fight, to the British Army.August 19 –War of 1812 :USS Constitution defeats the Britishfrigate Guerriere Nova Scotia . The British shot is said to have bounced offConstitution ' s sides, earning her the nickname "Old Ironsides".[ 16] September 7 –Napoleonic Wars –French invasion of Russia –Battle of Borodino : The bloodiest battle of the Napoleonic Wars so far ends in atactical victory for Napoleon. There are at least 70,000 casualties, with a minimum of 6,562 dead from the FrenchGrande Armée alone.[ 17] September 14 –French invasion of Russia andFire of Moscow :Napoleon 's troops enter Moscow, which is deliberately seton fire by Muscovites, on orders ofFyodor Rostopchin . Later accounts report that France lost 40,000 troops during four days of fire between September 17 and 20, and that 20,000 Russian soldiers were killed in what would be described in 1876 as "the greatest example in history of national self-sacrifice for the destruction of an invader."[ 18] October 9 –War of 1812 : American naval forces underLieutenant Jesse Duncan Elliott capture two British warships,HMS Detroit andHMS Caledonia .October 12 – The capital of the U.S. state ofPennsylvania is permanently moved fromLancaster toHarrisburg .[ 19] [ 20] October 13 –War of 1812 –Battle of Queenston Heights : As part of theNiagara campaign inOntario , Canada, United States forces under GeneralStephen Van Rensselaer are repulsed from invading Canada by British and native troops, led by SirIsaac Brock (who dies during the battle).October 18 –20 –Second Battle of Polotsk – Russians attack and defeat a Franco-Bavarian force inBelarus .October 19 –Napoleon begins his retreat from Moscow.October 23 –Malet coup of 1812 : GeneralClaude François de Malet attempts unsuccessfully to overthrow the Napoleonic régime in Paris.October 24 –Napoleonic Wars –Battle of Maloyaroslavets : An inconclusive encounter between the Frenchvanguard and a Russian force leadsNapoleon to decide to retreat along the same line as his advance, with disastrous results.November 3 –Napoleonic Wars –Battle of Vyazma : The rearguard of Napoleon's retreating army is defeated.November 5 –1812 United States presidential election :James Madison defeatsDeWitt Clinton .November 10 –1812 United Kingdom general election : TheTory Party is victorious, underRobert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool .November 15 –18 –Napoleonic Wars –Battle of Krasnoi : Napoleon's retreating army is again defeated in a series of skirmishes.December 8 – The M6.9–7.5San Juan Capistrano earthquake affectsAlta California with a maximumMercalli intensity of VII (Very strong ) to IX (Violent ), killing 40 parishioners atMission San Juan Capistrano .December 14 – TheFrench invasion of Russia comes to an end as the remnants of theGrande Armée are expelled from Russia.December 18 – The firstSpanish Christmas Lottery is drawn, inCádiz ; it will be continuing more than two centuries later. The first Lotería Nacional was drawn on March 4.[ 21] December 20 – The first volume ofGrimms' Fairy Tales December 29 –War of 1812 :USS Constitution defeats the British frigateHMS Java , off the coast ofBrazil .December 30 – TheConvention of Tauroggen is signed.Charles Dickens Henry Wilson Fernando Wood Louisa Hamilton, Duchess of Abercorn January 6 –Melchora Aquino , Filipino revolutionary hero (d.1919 )January 13 –Victor de Laprade , French poet, critic (d.1883 )February 3 –William Fraser Tolmie , Scottish-Canadian scientist, politician (d.1886 )February 7 –Charles Dickens , English novelist (d.1870 )[ 22] February 11 –Alexander Hamilton Stephens ,Vice President of the Confederate States of America (d.1883 )February 15 –Charles Lewis Tiffany , American jeweler, co-founder ofTiffany & Co. (d.1902 )[ 23] February 18 –Nils Johan Berlin , Swedish chemist, professor (d.1891 )February 29 – SirJames Milne Wilson , Premier of Tasmania (d.1880 )March 1 March 6 –Aaron Lufkin Dennison , American watch manufacturer (d.1895 )March 22 –Stephen Pearl Andrews , American anarchist, abolitionist (d.1886 )April 14 –George Grey , Portuguese-born British colonial governor, 11thPremier of New Zealand (d.1898 )April 16 –Juraj Dobrila , Croatian bishop and national revivalist (d.1882 )April 20 –Pauline Åhman , Swedish harpist (d.1904 )April 22 –Solomon Caesar Malan , Genevan orientalist (d.1894 )April 23 –Frederick Whitaker , English-New Zealand lawyer, politician, 5th Prime Minister of New Zealand (d.1891 )April 27 April 29 –Emilie Högquist , Swedish dramatic star (d.1846 )May 6 –Madame Restell , American abortion provider (d.1878 )May 7 –Robert Browning , English poet (d.1889 )[ 25] May 12 –Edward Lear , English artist, nonsense poet (d.1888 )[ 26] May 27 –George K. Teulon , English-Texian journalist and freemason (d. 1846)[ 27] June 9 –Johann Gottfried Galle , German astronomer (d.1910 )June 13 –Gustavus H. Scott , American admiral (d.1882 )June 14 –Fernando Wood , American politician (d.1881 )July 2 –Nathaniel de Rothschild , French wine grower (d.1870 )July 3 –Selina Jenkinson , British aristocrat (d.1883 )July 8 –Louisa Hamilton, Duchess of Abercorn (d.1905 )July 31 –Amélie of Leuchtenberg ,Empress consort of Brazil (d.1873 )August 8 –John Rodgers , American admiral (d.1882 )August 25 August 27 –Bertalan Szemere , 3rd Prime Minister of Hungary (d.1869 )September 2 –William Fox , 2nd Premier of New Zealand (d.1893 )September 18 –Herschel Vespasian Johnson , American politician (d.1880 )October 12 –Ascanio Sobrero , Italian chemist (d.1888 )October 20 –Austin Flint I , American cardiologist (d.1886 )November 14 –Aleardo Aleardi , Italian poet (d.1878 )November 19 –Edmond Jurien de La Gravière , French admiral, naval historian, and biographer (d.1892 )December 6 –Ana María Martínez de Nisser , Colombian heroine and writer (d.1872 )December 8 –Henry Varnum Poor , American financial analyst (d.1905 )December 14 –Charles Canning, 1st Earl Canning , British Viceroy of India (d.1862 )December 17 –Vilhelm Petersen , Danish painter (d.1880 )December 24 –Karl Eduard Zachariae von Lingenthal , German jurist (d.1894 )Spencer Perceval Mayer Amschel Rothschild January 23 –Robert Craufurd , British general (mortally wounded in battle) (b.1764 )February 2 –Isaac Titsingh , Dutch scholar, merchant-trader and ambassador (b.1745 )March 7 –Isaac Swainson , English botanist (b.1746 )March 11 –Philip James de Loutherbourg , English artist (b.1740 )April 14 –William Nicholas (officer) , English army officer, at theSiege of Badajoz (b.1785 )April 15 –Michael Atkins , Irish actor and theatre manager (b.1746 )April 20 –George Clinton ,4th Vice President of the United States (b.1739 )April 25 –Edmond Malone , Irish scholar (b.1741 )May 11 –Spencer Perceval ,Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (assassinated ) (b.1762 )May 12 May 18 –John Bellingham , British assassin of Spencer Perceval (b.1769 )May 27 –Manuela Gandarillas , Bolivian freedom fighter (born c. 1740s)[ 28] July 4 –Victurnien-Jean-Baptiste de Rochechouart de Mortemart , French general and politician (b.1752 )August 1 –Yakov Kulnev , Russian military leader (b.1763 ).August 12 –Anna Strong , Patriot spy during the American Revolutionary War (b.1740 )August 30 –George Mathews , American army officer and politician (b.1739 )September 13 –Leonardo Bravo , Mexican general who fought in theMexican War of Independence , father ofNicolas Bravo , executed (b.1764 )[ 29] September 19 September 21 –Emanuel Schikaneder , German dramatist, actor and singer (b.1751 )September 24 October 13 –Isaac Brock , British general (killed in action) (b.1769 )December 15 –Schneur Zalman , Polish rabbi and founder of the Chabad-Lubavitch movement (b.1745 )December 20 –Sacagawea , Shoshone guide (b. ca.1788 )December 24 –George Beck , American artist and poet (b.1749 )^ "ÖNB-ALEX - Justizgesetzsammlung" .alex.onb.ac.at . 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