This article is about the year 1809. For the Swedish/Finnish government project, see
Year 1809 .
Calendar year
February 11 :Robert Fulton receives patent for inventing thesteamboat after creating theClermont 1809 by topic Humanities By country Other topics Lists of leaders Birth and death categories Establishments and disestablishments categories Works category
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1809 .
January 16 :Battle of Corunna 1809 (MDCCCIX ) was acommon year starting on Sunday of theGregorian calendar and acommon year starting on Friday of theJulian calendar , the 1809th year of theCommon Era (CE) andAnno Domini 2nd millennium , the 9th year of the19th century , and the 10th and last year of the1800s decade. As of the start of 1809, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Calendar year
January 16 Sir John Moore is killed at theBattle of Corunna .April 9 –Tiroleans rise , under the command ofAndreas Hofer , against French andBavarian occupation.April 10 –Napoleonic Wars – TheWar of the Fifth Coalition begins when forces of theAustrian Empire invadeBavaria .April 11 –15 –Napoleonic Wars –Battle of the Basque Roads : The BritishRoyal Navy defeats the French fleet in the mouth of theCharente , although officers on both sides face subsequentcourts-martial .April 18 – The2,000 Guineas Stakes horse race is first run in England.[ 3] April 19 – War of the Fifth Coalition:April 20 –Battle of Abensberg ,Bavaria :Napoleon defeats Austria.April 21 –Battle of Landshut :Napoleon defeats Austria, in yet another battle.April 22 –Battle of Eckmühl : French troops under Napoleon I and MarshalDavout defeat the Austrians, underArchduke Charles .April 23 –Battle of Ratisbon :Napoleon I fights his last battle during the Bavarian phase of theWar of the Fifth Coalition May 3 – TheBattle of Nimla occurs, which allowsMahmud Shah Durrani to seize theDurrani throne from his brother,Shah Shuja Durrani .May 5 May 10 –Gustav IV Adolf is officially deposed from the Swedish throne, by theRiksdag of the Estates .May 10 –11 –Peninsular War –Battle of Grijó : theAnglo-Portuguese Army , commanded bySir Arthur Wellesley , defeats the French army, commanded byMarshal Soult , in Portugal.May 12 – Peninsular War –Second Battle of Porto : The Anglo-Portuguese Army, commanded by Wellesley, drives the French army, commanded by Marshal Soult, out ofPorto , and forces them to retreat from the country.May 17 –Napoleon I of France orders the annexation of thePapal States to the French Empire. When he announces that the Pope's secular power has ended, the Popeexcommunicates him.May 21 –Battle of Aspern-Essling begins.May 22 –Battle of Aspern-Essling : Austrian troops underArchduke Karl beat the French underNapoleon , in a hard-fought battle.May 24 –Dartmoor Prison opens in England, to house French prisoners of war.[ 5] May 31 June 6 – Sweden promulgates a newInstrument of Government , which restores political power to theRiksdag of the Estates , after authoritarian rule since1772 . On the same day,Duke Charles (uncle of the deposed king Gustav IV Adolf) is elected King, under the name Charles XIII.June 7 –Shoja Shah of theDurrani Empire signs a treaty with the British; only weeks later, he is succeeded byMahmud Shah .June 14 – A French victory, in thebattle of Raab , preventsarchduke John of Austria from bringing any significant force to theBattle of Wagram .June 26 – Danish adventurerJørgen Jørgensen deposes CountFrederich Trampe as governor of Iceland in theRevolution of 1809 and declares himself "Protector of Iceland".Lord Castlereagh Thomas Lawrence . The Irish politician fought a duel with his colleagueGeorge Canning onPutney Heath .July 5 –Battle of Wagram begins.July 6 – French troops arrestPope Pius VII , and take him toLiguria .[ 6] July 8 –9 –Finnish War –Naval Battle of Porkala : The Swedish archipelago fleet defeats the Russians.July 10 –Battle of Znaim begins.July 11 French Marshal,Auguste de Marmont , andAndré Masséna fights inconclusively against the Austrians, in TheBattle of Znaim July 16 – The city ofLa Paz (in modern-dayBolivia ) declares its independence from theSpanish Crown and forms theJunta Tuitiva Pedro Domingo Murillo .July 28 – Peninsula War –Battle of Talavera : SirArthur Wellesley 's British, Portuguese and Spanish army defeats a French force.[ 3] July 30 –Walcheren Campaign : A British invasion army lands onWalcheren .August – TheUSS Constitution ("Old Ironsides") is recommissioned as the flagship of the North Atlantic Squadron. August 8 – Seventy disciples ofVilna Gaon arrive inPalestine .August 10 –Ecuador declares independence from Spain.August 11 –Battle of Almonacid de Toledo: A poorly led Spanish army is defeated by KingJoseph Bonaparte 's French army.September 17 –Finnish War : ThePeace of Hamina is signed between Russia and Sweden. The futureGrand Duchy of Finland is ceded to Russia by theTreaty of Fredrikshamn .September 18 – A new theatre for theRoyal Opera House opens in London to replace the first, burnt down in a fire in1808 . The price increases lead to theOld Price Riots , which last for 64 days.September 21 – BritishSecretary of War Lord Castlereagh andForeign Secretary George Canning meet in a duel onPutney Heath , with Castlereagh wounding Canning in the thigh.October 8 – PrinceKlemens von Metternich becomesforeign minister of theAustrian Empire .October 11 – Along theNatchez Trace inTennessee , explorerMeriwether Lewis dies under mysterious circumstances at an inn called Grinder's Stand.October 14 – TheTreaty of Schönbrunn cedes theIllyrian Provinces to France, and ensures peace between TheFirst French Empire , and TheAustrian Empire .October 25 – TheGolden Jubilee of George III marked the forty-ninth anniversary of the accession of KingGeorge III and his entrance into the 50th year of his reign as King of Great Britain.November 18 –Napoleonic Wars :Action of 18 November 1809 – In theBay of Bengal , a Frenchfrigate squadron captures three BritishEast Indiamen mainly carrying recruits for thepresidency armies in India.November 19 –Battle of Ocaña : A Spanish army is ridden down, and 4,000 are killed and wounded by French forces.November 21 – First stone laid of first 'guided bus ' passenger wagonwayGloucester and Cheltenham Tramroad .November 25 –Benjamin Bathurst , a Britishdiplomat , mysteriously disappears (possibly murdered) inPerleberg , west of Berlin.December –Boyd massacreWhangaroa Māori people kill and eat 66 crew and passengers of thebrigantine Boyd in New Zealand.[ 7] December 25 – American physicianEphraim McDowell performs the first ovariotomy, removing a 22-pound tumor.December 26 – A British invasion force leavesVlissingen .December 30 – Wearing masks at balls is forbidden inBoston ,Massachusetts .Edgar Allan Poe Queen Sinjeong Felix Mendelssohn Georges-Eugène Haussmann January 1 –Cao Bá Quát , Vietnamese poet (d.1855 )January 4 –Louis Braille , French teacher, inventor ofbraille (d.1852 )January 6 –Marie Durocher , Brazilian obstetrician, physician (d.1893 )January 15 January 19 –Edgar Allan Poe , American writer, poet (d.1849 )[ 8] January 21 –Queen Sinjeong , Korean regent (d.1890 )February 1 –Sophia Crichton-Stuart, Marchioness of Bute , Scottish philanthropist (d.1859 )[ 9] February 3 –Felix Mendelssohn , German composer (d.1847 )[ 10] February 12 February 15 –Cyrus McCormick , American inventor (d.1884 )February 20 –Albertus Jacobus Duymaer van Twist ,Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (d.1887 )February 23 –William Sprague , American minister and politician from Michigan (d.1868 )February 24 –Edwin Freiherr von Manteuffel , Prussian field marshal (d.1885 )March 1 –Robert Cornelius ,American pioneer of photography (d1893 )[ 13] March 2 –Abel Douay , French general (d.1870 )March 15 –Joseph Jenkins Roberts , 2-time President of Liberia (d.1876 )March 23 –Charlotte von Hagn , German actress (d.1891 )[ 14] March 24 –Joseph Liouville , French mathematician (d.1882 )March 27 –Georges-Eugène Haussmann , French civic planner (d.1891 )March 29 –Bettino Ricasoli , Italian statesman (d.1880 )April 1 –Nikolai Gogol , Russian writer (d.1852 )[ 15] April 15 –Hermann Grassmann , Prussian mathematician (d.1877 )April 20 –James David Forbes , Scottish physicist, geologist, inventor (d.1868 )May 22 –Constantin A. Kretzulescu , 7th Prime Minister of Romania (d.1884 )May 23 –Hugo von Kirchbach , Prussian general (d.1887 )June 4 June 8 –Richard Wigginton Thompson , American politician (d.1900 )June 11 –Juan Antonio Pezet , Peruvian general and politician,President of Peru (d.1879 )June 18 –Stephen Greenleaf Bulfinch , American minister, hymn writer (d1870 )June 20 –Isaak August Dorner , German theologian (d.1884 )June 21 –Wilhelm Wolff , German political activist (d.1864 )June 27 –François Certain de Canrobert , French general,Marshal of France (d.1895 )Alfred, Lord Tennyson Fanny Kemble Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr. William Gladstone July 2 –John R. Goldsborough , United States Navy commodore (d.1877 )July 9 –Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle , German-Jewish anatomist, physician (d.1885 )July 16 –Konstantin Bernhard von Voigts-Rhetz , Prussian general (d.1877 )July 31 –Francis Walker , English entomologist (d.1874 )August 6 –Alfred, Lord Tennyson , British poet (d.1892 )[ 16] August 8 –Heinrich Abeken , German theologian (d.1872 )August 29 –Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr. , American physician, writer (d.1894 )[ 17] September 4 –Manuel Montt , 5th President of Chile (d.1880 )[ 18] September 12 –Julius von Bose , Prussian general (d.1894 )November 4 –Benjamin Robbins Curtis ,Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d.1874 )November 10 –David Einhorn (rabbi) , German-American abolitionist (d.1879 )November 20 –Gustav Koerner , German-born revolutionary, journalist, lawyer, politician, statesman of Illinois and Germany, Colonel of the U.S. Army (d.1896 )November 27 –Fanny Kemble , British-born American actress, writer (d.1893 )December 5 December 24 –Kit Carson , American frontiersman (d.1868 )December 29 December 30 –Wilhelm von Tümpling , Prussian general (d.1884 )Joseph Haydn Thomas Paine Daniel Lambert January 6 –Johann Augustus Eberhard , German theologian, philosopher (b.1739 )January 16 –John Moore , British general (killed in battle) (b.1761 )[ 23] February 6 –Antoine Joseph Santerre , French general (b.1752 )February 20 –Richard Gough , English antiquary (b.1735 )February 25 –John Murray , 4th Earl of Dunmore (Lord Dunmore)(b.1730 )March 7 –Johann Georg Albrechtsberger , Austrian composer (b.1736 )March 11 –Hannah Cowley , English dramatist and poet (b.1743 )[ 24] March 18 –Karoline Kaulla , German banker (b.1739 )March 20 –Mary Bateman , English woman executed for murder, known as theYorkshire Witch March 25 –Anna Seward , English writer (b.1747 )[ 25] March 27 –Joseph-Marie Vien , French painter (b.1716 )April 6 –Jean-Pierre Saint-Ours , Swiss artist (b.1752 )April 26 –Bernhard Schott , German music publisher (b.1748 )[ 26] May 13 –Beilby Porteus , English bishop, abolitionist (b.1731 )May 17 –Leopold Auenbrugger , Austrian physician (b.1722 )May 24 –Charles Rainsford , British general (b.1728 )May 29 –Johannes von Müller , Swiss historian (b.1752 )May 31 June 4 –Nicolai Abildgaard , Danish painter (b.1743 )June 8 –Thomas Paine , American revolutionary writer (b.1737 )[ 27] June 15 –Sir George Baker, 1st Baronet , British physician (b.1722 )June 21 –Daniel Lambert , Englishjail keeper and animal breeder, famous for his unusually large size (b.1770 )Matthew Boulton July 6 –Antoine Charles Louis de Lasalle , French cavalry general (killed in battle) (b.1775 )July 22 –Jean Senebier , Swiss pastor, botanist (b.1742 )August 8 –Ueda Akinari , Japanese author, scholar (b.1734 )August 18 –Matthew Boulton , English manufacturer, engineer (b.1728 )[ 28] August 29 –Lucy Barnes , American writer (b.1780 )September 1 –Johann Friedrich August Göttling , German chemist (b.1753 )September 3 –George Coventry, 6th Earl of Coventry , English noble and politician (b.1722 )September 7 October 8 –James Elphinston , Scottish philologist (b.1721 )October 11 –Meriwether Lewis , American explorer (suicide) (b.1774 )October 30 –William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland ,Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b.1738 )[ 30] November 28 –Jakob Heinrich Laspeyres , Germanlepidopterist (b.1769 )December 16 –Antoine François, comte de Fourcroy , French chemist (b.1755 )^ "Robert Fulton patented the steamboat in 1809" .Thinkfinity . Verizon. RetrievedApril 15, 2011 .{{cite web }}:|archive-url= is malformed: timestamp (help )CS1 maint: url-status (link ) ^ "The Fulton Patents" .Today in Science History . RetrievedApril 15, 2011 .^a b Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992).The Chronology of British History . London: Century Ltd. pp. 243– 244.ISBN 0-7126-5616-2 ^ "Mary Kies - Patenting Pioneer" .About.com . Archived fromthe original on July 10, 2012. RetrievedMay 14, 2007 .^ Penguin Pocket On This Day . Penguin Reference Library. 2006.ISBN 0-14-102715-0 ^ McIlvenna, Una (August 15, 2019)."Why Napoleon Kidnapped One Pope After Another" .HISTORY . RetrievedJuly 13, 2025 . ^ "TheBoyd incident - a frontier of chaos?" .New Zealand History online . Ministry for Culture and Heritage. December 7, 2011.Archived from the original on June 10, 2011. RetrievedMarch 3, 2012 .^ John Henry Ingram (1891).Edgar Allan Poe: His Life, Letters, and Opinions ^ The Gentleman's Magazine . F. Jefferies. 1860. p. 181.^ Conway, David (2012).Jewry in Music: Entry to the Profession from the Enlightenment to Richard Wagner . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 194.ISBN 978-1-107-01538-8 ^ Desmond, Adrian J. (September 13, 2002)."Charles Darwin" .Encyclopædia Britannica .Archived from the original on February 6, 2018. RetrievedFebruary 11, 2018 . ^ Donald, David Herbert (1996).Lincoln 20– 22.ISBN 978-0-684-82535-9 ^ American Journal of Photography, Volume 14 . Thos. H. McCollin & Company. 1893. p. 420.^ (in German) Ulrike von Hase-Schmundt:Joseph Stieler : 1781 – 1858. Sein Leben u. sein Werk. Krit. Verzeichnis d. Werke . Prestel, München 1971,ISBN 3-7913-0340-6 ^ Nicholas Worrall (November 4, 1982).Nikolai Gogol and Ivan Turgenev ISBN 978-1-349-16917-7 [permanent dead link ^ Leslie, Stephen (1898)."Life of Tennyson" Studies of a Biographer . Vol. 2. London: Duckworth and Co. pp. 196– 240.^ John R. Shook (January 1, 2005).Dictionary of Modern American Philosophers ISBN 978-1-84371-037-0 ^ The Encyclopædia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and General Literature, with New Maps and Original American Articles by Eminent Writers ^ Gregor-Dellin, Martin (1983),Richard Wagner—His Life, His Work, His Century , Harcourt.ISBN 978-0-15-177151-6 ^ President of the United States (1965). "Remarks in Raleigh at North Carolina State College, October 6, 1964".Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States Office of the Federal Register . p. 1221 – via Google Books.^ George William Erskine Russell (1891).The Right Honourable William Ewart Gladstone ^ Radu Florescu (1997).The Struggle Against Russia in the Romanian Principalities: A Problem in Anglo-Turkish Diplomacy, 1821-1854 ISBN 978-973-98091-3-9 ^ "Moore, Sir John" Encyclopædia Britannica 809– 810.^ William Harding (1845).The History of Tiverton ^ Sir John Benjamin Stone (1870).A history of Lichfield Cathedral. With a description of its architecture and monuments ^ Brück, Marion (2007)."Schott, Peter Bernhard" .Neue Deutsche Biographie 486– 487 full text online ).^ Thomas Paine (1879).The Theological Works of Thomas Paine ...: The Whole Preceded by a Life of Paine ISBN 978-1-02-236246-8 {{cite book }}:ISBN / Date incompatibility (help ) ^ H. W. Dickinson (October 31, 2010).Matthew Boulton ISBN 978-1-108-01224-9 ^ Daniel Whistler; Benjamin Berger (October 29, 2020).The Schelling Reader ISBN 978-1-350-05332-8 ^ William John Arthur Charles James Cavendish-Bentinck Duke of Portland; Charles Fairfax Murray (1894).Catalogue of the Pictures Belonging to His Grace the Duke of Portland: At Welbeck Abbey, and in London. 1894
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