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10 of the 32 seats in theUnited States Senate (plus special elections) 17 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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 Results: Federalist hold Federalist gain Dem-Republican hold Dem-Republican gain | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The1800–01 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states, coinciding withThomas Jefferson beingelected to the White House. As theseU.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of theSeventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen bystate legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1800 and 1801, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due tolegislative deadlock.[1] In these elections, terms were up for the senators inClass 3.
Although theFederalists began the7th Congress with a slim majority, Jefferson'sDemocratic-Republican Party took over the majority shortly thereafter due to mid-year special elections. By the time the first proper session of the 7th Congress met in December 1801, three seats had been gained by the Democratic-Republicans, leaving them with an overall majority of 17 seats and agovernment trifecta.
After theNovember 6, 1800 special election in New York.
| DR6 | DR5 | DR4 | DR3 | DR2 | DR1 | ||||
| DR7 | DR8 | DR9 N.H. Ran | DR10 N.Y. Ran | DR11 N.C. Retired | F21 Vt. Ran | F20 S.C. Ran | F19 Pa. Retired | F18 Md. Unknown | F17 Ky. Ran |
| Majority → | |||||||||
| F7 | F8 | F9 | F10 | F11 | F12 | F13 | F14 | F15 Conn. Ran | F16 Ga. Retired |
| F6 | F5 | F4 | F3 | F2 | F1 | ||||
| DR6 | DR5 | DR4 | DR3 | DR2 | DR1 | ||||
| DR7 | DR8 | DR9 Ga. Gain | DR10 Ky. Gain | DR11 N.Y. Re-elected | DR12 N.C. Hold | DR13 Pa. Gain | DR14 S.C. Gain | V1 Md. F loss | F17 Vt. Re-elected |
| Majority → | |||||||||
| F7 | F8 | F9 | F10 | F11 | F12 | F13 | F14 | F15 Conn. Re-elected | F16 N.H. Gain |
| F6 | F5 | F4 | F3 | F2 | F1 | ||||
| DR6 | DR5 | DR4 | DR3 | DR2 | DR1 | ||||
| DR7 | DR8 | DR9 | DR10 | DR11 | DR12 | DR13 | DR14 | F18 Md. Appointed | F17 |
| Majority → | |||||||||
| F7 | F8 | F9 | F10 | F11 | F12 | F13 | F14 | F15 | F16 |
| F6 | F5 | F4 | F3 | F2 | F1 | ||||
| DR6 | DR5 | DR4 | DR3 | DR2 | DR1 | ||||
| DR7 | DR8 | DR9 | DR10 | DR11 | DR12 | DR13 Md. Gain | DR14 Pa. Hold | DR15 R.I. Gain | DR16 S.C. Hold |
| Majority → | DR17 Vt. Gain | ||||||||
| F7 | F8 | F9 | F10 | F11 | F12 | F13 | F14 | F15 N.H. Hold | |
| F6 | F5 | F4 | F3 | F2 | F1 | ||||
| Key |
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Except if/when noted, the number following candidates is the whole number vote(s), not a percentage.
In these special elections, the winner was seated before March 4, 1801; ordered by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| New York (Class 1) | James Watson | Federalist | 1798(special) | Incumbent resigned March 19, 1800, to become Naval Officer of thePort of New York. New senatorelected April 3, 1800. Federalist hold. |
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| Massachusetts (Class 2) | Samuel Dexter | Federalist | 1798 | Incumbent resigned May 30, 1800 to becomeU.S. Secretary of War. New senatorelected June 6, 1800. Federalist hold. |
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| New York (Class 3) | John Laurance | Federalist | 1796(special) | Incumbent resigned August 1800. New senatorelected November 6, 1800. Democratic-Republican gain. |
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| Massachusetts (Class 1) | Benjamin Goodhue | Federalist | 1796(special) 1796 | Incumbent resigned November 8, 1800. New senatorelected November 14, 1800. Federalist hold. |
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| Maryland (Class 3) | James Lloyd | Federalist | 1797(special) | Incumbent resigned December 1, 1800. New senatorelected December 12, 1800. Federalist hold. |
|
| New Jersey (Class 1) | James Schureman | Federalist | 1799(special) | Incumbent resigned February 16, 1801. New senatorelected February 28, 1801. Federalist hold. |
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In these regular elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1801; ordered by state.
All of the elections involved the Class 3 seats.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Connecticut | Uriah Tracy | Federalist | 1796(special) | Incumbentre-elected in May 1801. |
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| Georgia | James Gunn | Federalist | 1789 1794 | Incumbent retired. New senatorelected November 19, 1800. Democratic-Republican gain. |
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| Kentucky | Humphrey Marshall | Federalist | 1794 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senatorelected November 20, 1800. Democratic-Republican gain. |
|
| Maryland | William Hindman | Federalist | 1797(special) | Legislature failed to elect. Incumbent was later appointed to begin the next term. | None. |
| New Hampshire | John Langdon | Democratic- Republican | 1788 1794 or 1795 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senatorelected June 21, 1800. Federalist gain. |
|
| New York | John Armstrong | Democratic- Republican | 1800(special) | Incumbentre-elected January 27, 1801. |
|
| North Carolina | Timothy Bloodworth | Democratic- Republican | 1795 | Incumbent retired. New senatorelected November 27, 1800. Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
| Pennsylvania | William Bingham | Federalist | 1795 | Incumbent retired. New senatorelected February 18, 1801.[12] Democratic-Republican gain. |
|
| South Carolina | Jacob Read | Federalist | 1794 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senatorelected in 1800 on the second ballot. Democratic-Republican gain. |
|
| Vermont | Elijah Paine | Federalist | 1794 | Incumbentre-elected October 21, 1800. |
|
In these special elections, the winner was seated after March 4, 1801; ordered by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Rhode Island (Class 2) | Ray Greene | Federalist | 1797(special) 1798 | Incumbent resigned March 5, 1801. New senatorelected May 6, 1801. Democratic-Republican gain. |
|
| New Hampshire (Class 2) | Samuel Livermore | Federalist | 1798(special) | Incumbent resigned June 12, 1801. New senatorelected June 17, 1801. Federalist hold. |
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| Vermont (Class 3) | Elijah Paine | Federalist | 1794 1800 | Incumbent resigned September 1, 1801. New senatorelected October 14, 1801. Democratic-Republican gain. |
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| Maryland (Class 3) | William Hindman | Federalist | 1800(Appointed) | Incumbent appointee did not run to finish the term New senatorelected November 12, 1801 on the second ballot. Democratic-Republican gain. |
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| South Carolina (Class 2) | Charles Pinckney | Democratic- Republican | 1798(special) 1798 | Incumbent resigned June 6, 1801. New senatorelected December 3, 1801. Democratic-Republican hold. |
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| Pennsylvania (Class 3) | Peter Muhlenberg | Democratic- Republican | 1801 | Incumbent resigned June 30, 1801. New senatorelected December 17, 1801.[19] Democratic-Republican hold. |
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FederalistUriah Tracy was easily re-elected.
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80 members of theMaryland General Assembly | ||||||||||||||||
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William Hindman won election over Richard Tilghman Earle by a margin of 10.11%, or 9 votes, for the Class 3 seat.[20]
The Maryland legislature failed to elect a senator before the March 4, 1801 beginning of the term. As such,William Hindman was appointed to fill the vacancy, and retired when a successor was elected.
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80 members of theMaryland General Assembly | ||||||||||||||||
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Robert Wright won election over William Winder by a margin of 39.53%, or 34 votes, for the Class 3 seat.[21]
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