| ←1798 1799 1800 1801 1802 → Presidential election year | |
| Incumbent president | John Adams (Federalist) |
|---|---|
| Next Congress | 7th |
| Presidential election | |
| Partisan control | Democratic-Republican gain |
| Electoral vote | |
| Thomas Jefferson (DR) | 73[1] |
| John Adams (F) | 65 |
 | |
| 1800 presidential election results.Green denotes states won by Jefferson,burnt orange denotes states won by Adams. Numbers indicate the number of electoral votes allotted to each state. | |
| Senate elections | |
| Overall control | Democratic-Republican gain |
| Seats contested | 10 of 32 seats[2] |
| Net seat change | Democratic-Republican +3[3] |
| House elections | |
| Overall control | Democratic-Republican gain |
| Seats contested | All 106 voting members |
| Net seat change | Democratic-Republican +22[3] |
Elections were held for the7th United States Congress, in 1800 and 1801. The election took place during theFirst Party System, and is generally considered the firstrealigning election in American history.[4] It was the firstpeaceful transfer of power between parties in American history.[5] TheDemocratic-Republican Party won control of the presidency and both houses of Congress for the first time. Conversely, theFederalist Party would never again control the presidency or either house of Congress.Ohio was admitted as a state during the 7th Congress.
In the presidential election,Democratic-Republican Vice PresidentThomas Jefferson became the firstDemocratic-Republican President, narrowly defeating incumbent Federalist PresidentJohn Adams.[6] Jefferson again won theSouth and Adams again wonNew England, but Jefferson won by addingNew York andMaryland. Jefferson tied his own running mate, former SenatorAaron Burr ofNew York, inelectoral votes, necessitating acontingent election in the House that Jefferson won. Burr, as the runner-up, was elected vice president. Thecontingent election led to the passage of theTwelfth Amendment, which altered theelectoral college so that electors in all future elections cast an electoral vote for president and a separate electoral vote for vice president.
In theHouse, Democratic-Republicans won major gains, taking control of the chamber.[7] In theSenate, Democratic-Republicans picked up several seats, taking control of the chamber for the first time in the party's history.[8] This marked the first of three times in American history where one party flipped both chambers of Congress and the presidency in a single election, along with 1840 and 1952.
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