Movatterモバイル変換

[0]ホーム
URL:

Jump to content
WikipediaThe Free Encyclopedia
Search

17th century

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
One hundred years, from 1601 to 1700
Millennium
2nd millennium
Centuries
Timelines
State leaders
Decades
Categories:
Births –Deaths
Establishments –Disestablishments

The17th century lasted from January 1,1601 (represented by theRoman numerals MDCI), to December 31,1700 (MDCC).

It falls into theearly modern period of Europe and in that continent (whose impact on the world was increasing) was characterized by theBaroque cultural movement, the latter part of theSpanish Golden Age, theDutch Golden Age,[1] the FrenchGrand Siècle dominated byLouis XIV, theScientific Revolution, the world's first public company andmegacorporation known as theDutch East India Company, and according to some historians,the General Crisis.

From the mid-17th century, European politics were increasingly dominated by theKingdom of France ofLouis XIV, where royal power was solidified domestically in thecivil war ofthe Fronde. The semi-feudal territorialFrench nobility was weakened and subjugated to the power of anabsolute monarchy through the reinvention of thePalace of Versailles from a hunting lodge to a gilded prison, in which a greatly expanded royal court could be more easily kept under surveillance. With domestic peace assured, Louis XIV caused the borders of France to be expanded. It was during this century that theEnglish monarch became increasingly involved in conflicts with theParliament - this would culminate in the English civil war and an end to the dominance of the English monarchy.

A scene on the ice,Dutch Republic, first half of the 17th century

By the end of the century, Europeans were masters oflogarithms,electricity, thetelescope andmicroscope,calculus,universal gravitation,Newton's Laws of Motion,air pressure, andcalculating machines due to the work of the first scientists of theScientific Revolution, includingGalileo Galilei,Johannes Kepler,René Descartes,Pierre Fermat,Blaise Pascal,Robert Boyle,Christiaan Huygens,Antonie van Leeuwenhoek,Robert Hooke,Isaac Newton, andGottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. It was also a period of development of culture in general (especially theater, music, visual arts and philosophy). Some of the greatest inventions took place in this century.

It was during this period that theEuropean colonization of the Americas began in earnest, including the exploitation of the silver deposits, which resulted in bouts of inflation as wealth was drawn into Europe.[2] Also during this period, there would be a more intense European presence in Southeast Asia and East Asia (such as thecolonization of Taiwan). These foreign elements would contribute to arevolution inAyutthaya. While theMataram Sultanate and theAceh Sultanate would be the major powers of the region, especially during the first half of the century.[2]

In theIslamic world, thegunpowder empires – theOttoman,Safavid, andMughal – grew in strength as well. The southern half of India would see the decline of theDeccan Sultanates and extinction of theVijayanagara Empire. TheDutch wouldcolonize Ceylon and endure hostilities withKandy. The end of the 17th century saw the first major surrender of Ottoman territory in Europe when theTreaty of Karlowitz ceded most of Hungary to theHabsburgs in 1699.

In Japan,Tokugawa Ieyasu established theTokugawa shogunate at the beginning of the century, beginning theEdo period; the isolationistSakoku policy began in the 1630s and lasted until the 19th century. In China, the collapsingMing dynasty was challenged by a series of conquests led by theManchu warlordNurhaci, which were consolidated by his sonHong Taiji and finally consummated by his grandson, theShunzhi Emperor, founder of theQing dynasty.[3]Qing China spent decades of this century with economic problems (results of civil wars between the Qing and former Ming dynasty loyalists), only recovering well at the end of the century.

The greatest military conflicts of the century were theThirty Years' War,[4]Dutch–Portuguese War,[5] theGreat Turkish War, theNine Years' War,Mughal–Safavid Wars, and theQing annexation of the Ming.

Events

[edit]
For a chronological guide, seeTimeline of the 17th century.

1601–1650

[edit]
Persian Ambassador during his entry intoKraków for the wedding ceremonies of KingSigismund III of Poland in 1605.

1651–1700

[edit]
The Night Watch orThe Militia Company of Captain Frans Banning Cocq, 1642. Oil on canvas; on display at theRijksmuseum,Amsterdam

Gallery

[edit]

Inventions, discoveries, introductions

[edit]
See also:Timeline of historic inventions § 17th century

Major changes in philosophy and science take place, often characterized as theScientific Revolution.

References

[edit]
  1. ^"Exchange History NL – 400 years: the story".Exchange History NL.Archived from the original on 6 October 2022. Retrieved6 October 2022.
  2. ^ab"The Seventeenth-Century Decline". The Library of Iberian resources online. Retrieved13 August 2008.
  3. ^"5 of the 10 Deadliest Wars Began in China".Business Insider. 6 October 2014.
  4. ^"The Thirty-Years-War". Western New England College. Archived fromthe original on 1999-10-09. Retrieved2008-05-24.
  5. ^Ames, Glenn J. (2008).The Globe Encompassed: The Age of European Discovery, 1500–1700. pp. 102–103.
  6. ^Turchin, Peter (2009).Secular Cycles. Princeton University Press. pp. 256–257.ISBN 9780691136967.
  7. ^Ricklefs (1991), page 28
  8. ^History of UST UST.edu.ph. Retrieved December 21, 2008.
  9. ^"The Tatar Khanate of Crimea". Archived fromthe original on 2016-03-23. Retrieved2008-06-05.
  10. ^Mark, Joshua J."Indian Massacre of 1622".World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved2022-09-13.
  11. ^Campbell, B.C (2008).Disasters, accidents, and crises in American history: A reference guide to the nation's most catastrophic events. Infobase Publishing. pp. 11–12.
  12. ^Rokosz, M. (1995)."History of the Aurochs (Bos taurus primigenius) in Poland"(PDF).Animal Genetics Resources Information.16:5–12.doi:10.1017/S1014233900004582. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 14 January 2013.
  13. ^Itihasइतिहास [History, class fourth] (in Marathi). Maharashtra, India: Pathyapustak nirmiti madal,Pune. 2019.
  14. ^"London museum correct record on general disembowelment by Chhatrapati Shivaji".The Tribune.
  15. ^"René-Robert Cavelier, sieur de La Salle".Britannica. 30 March 2021. Retrieved21 March 2021.
  16. ^Alan Macfarlane (1997).The savage wars of peace: England, Japan and the Malthusian trap. Wiley . p. 64.ISBN 0-631-18117-2
  17. ^Karen J. Cullen (2010). "Famine in Scotland: The 'Ill Years' of the 1690s".Edinburgh University Press. p. 20.ISBN 0-7486-3887-3

Further reading

[edit]
Detail of a 17th-century TekkeTurkmen carpet
  • Chang, Chun-shu, and Shelley Hsueh-lun Chang.Crisis and Transformation in Seventeenth-Century China (1998).
  • Langer, William.An Encyclopedia of World History (5th ed. 1973); highly detailed outline of eventsonline free
  • Reid, A. J. S.Trade and State Power in 16th & 17th Century Southeast Asia (1977).
  • Spence, J. D.The Death of Woman Wang: Rural Life in China in the 17th Century (1978).

Focus on Europe

[edit]

External links

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to17th century.
  • Vistorica: Timelines of 17th century events, science, culture and persons
  • Millennia
  • Centuries
  • Decades
  • Years
National
Artists
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=17th_century&oldid=1281722850"
Categories:
Hidden categories:
[8]ページ先頭
©2009-2025 Movatter.jp