| 17th Tank Division | |
|---|---|
| Active | 1940–1941 |
| Country | Soviet Union |
| Branch | Red Army |
| Type | Armor |
| Engagements | World War II |
| Commanders | |
| Notable commanders | |
The17th Tank Division (Military Unit Number 6061) was a tank division of theRed Army that was formed in mid-1940.[1] The division suffered heavy losses during fighting against German forces during theBattle of Smolensk and was converted into a tank brigade in late August 1941.
The 17th Tank Division was formed in July 1940 at Crossing 77 with the5th Mechanised Corps from the 37th Light Tank Brigade. It also included the 199th Flamethrower and 526th Transport Battalions. The 17th Tank Division's structure in 1941 included the 33rd and 34th Tank Regiments, the 17th Motor Rifle Regiment,[2] the 17th Howitzer Artillery Regiment, the 17th Reconnaissance Battalion, the 17th Transport Battalion and the 17th Maintenance Battalion. The division was commanded by Major GeneralIlya Alekseyenko. On 1 March 1941 ColonelIvan Korchagin took command. Beginning on 12 June 1941 the division was relocated toIzyaslav.[1]
After theGerman invasion of the Soviet Union, the division moved with the corps toSmolensk. The division was 60% Ukrainian in early July, and German troops attributed its reportedly poor performance to its ethnic composition.[3] On 6 July, the division had 413 tanks, including 237BT tanks and 130T-26 tanks. The remainder were flamethrower or amphibious tanks. The division fought in the 5th Mechanized Corps' counterattack towardsSenno andLepel.[4] The division was placed in the corps' first echelon during the counterattack. When it reached the region south of Senno, the division, reinforced by 6KV-1 and 10T-34 tanks, ran into the17th Panzer Division. The counterattack failed with heavy losses.[5] The division was encircled in the Smolensk Pocket, in which it defended the Dnieper line to the west of the city.[6] The division fought against the 17th and18th Panzer Divisions, which were attempting to establish positions on the southern bank of the river.[7] On 25 July, the division had three KV tanks, four T-34s, 73 BT tanks, 28 T-26s, and 16 KhT-26 flamethrower tanks, for a total of 124 tanks.[1] On the night of 31 July to 1 August, the division and the rest of the corps escaped the Smolensk Pocket through the gap in the German encirclement line.[8]
On 28 August, it was converted into the126th Tank Brigade.[9] On 31 August, the 17th Motor Rifle Regiment was awarded theOrder of Lenin.[10] The brigade was destroyed in theVyazma Pocket in October. It was not officially disbanded until 22 August 1942.[11]
