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March 3–4, 1789 1790 → | |||||||||||||||||||
All 6 New York seats to theUnited States House of Representatives | |||||||||||||||||||
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The1789 United States House of Representatives elections in New York were held on March 3 and 4, 1789, to elect 6U.S. Representatives to represent the State ofNew York in the1st United States Congress.
TheUnited States Constitution was adopted on September 17, 1787, by theConstitutional Convention inPhiladelphia, and then ratified by the States. On July 8, 1788, theCongress of the Confederation passed a resolution calling the first session of the1st United States Congress for March 4, 1789, to convene atNew York City and the election of U.S. Senators and U.S. Representatives in the meanwhile by the States. New York ratified the U.S. Constitution on July 26, 1788, by a very slim margin.
On January 27, 1789, theNew York State Legislature divided the State of New York into six congressional districts which were not numbered.[1]
Note: There are now 62 counties in the State ofNew York. The counties which are not mentioned in this list had not yet been established, or sufficiently organized, the area being included in one or more of the abovementioned counties.
Three Federalists and threeAnti-Federalists (later known as the Democratic-Republicans) were elected.
| District | Democratic-Republican | Federalist | Democratic-Republican | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | William Floyd | 894 | ||||
| 2 | John Broome | 372 | John Laurance | 2,418 | Philip Pell | 33 |
| 3 | Theodorus Bailey | 574 | Egbert Benson | 584 | ||
| 4 | John Hathorn | |||||
| 5 | Matthew Adgate[2] | 1,501 | Peter Silvester | 1,628 | John Williams | 50 |
| 6 | Jeremiah Van Rensselaer | 1,456 | Abraham Ten Broeck | 1,215 | ||
Note: This was the first time political parties appeared in the United States. Before the question of establishing a federal government, or not, arose, all candidatures had been personal. Now, politicians aligned in two opposing groups: First those in favor of the establishment of a federal government and those against it, and then - after the federal government had been indeed established - those who supported it and those who did not. The first group are generally known as the Federalists, or (as a group in Congress) the "Pro-Administration Party." The second group at first were called the Anti-Federalists, or (as a group in Congress) the "Anti-Administration Party", but soon called themselves "Republicans." However, at the same time, the Federalists called them "Democrats" which was meant to be pejorative. After some time both terms got more and more confused, and sometimes used together as "Democratic Republicans" which later historians have adopted (with a hyphen) to describe the party from the beginning, to avoid confusion with both the later established and still existingDemocratic andRepublican parties.
The1st United States Congress had convened atFederal Hall inNew York City on March 4, 1789, without any members from the State of New York, and without a quorum in either Senate or House. The first day with a quorum in the House was April 1. The representatives elected in and near New York City took their seats soon after the election. The upstate representatives needed some time to arrive, and Peter Silvester took his seat on April 22, John Hathorn on April 23, and Jeremiah Van Rensselaer on May 9. Their term ended on March 3, 1791. InApril 1790, all six representatives ran for re-election: Floyd, Hathorn and Van Rensselaer (all Dem.-Rep.) were defeated; Laurance, Benson and Silvester (all Fed.) were re-elected.
