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1685 in England

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Other events of 1685

Events from the year1685 inEngland. This year sees a change of monarch.

Incumbents

Monarch –Charles II (until 6 February), thenJames II

Events

TheDuke of Monmouth beheaded onTower Hill following failure of theMonmouth Rebellion

6 February – death ofCharles II atWhitehall Palace after four days' illness, having been received into theRoman Catholic church on the previous evening.^[1] His brother, the Catholic James Stuart,Duke of York, becomes KingJames II of England.^[2]
23 April – coronation of King James II atWestminster Abbey,^[3] including anthems byHenry Purcell.^[4]
May –Titus Oates, found guilty ofperjury for his part in the alleged "Popish Plot", is sentenced byJudge Jeffreys to be imprisoned,pilloried (atTemple Bar, London) and whipped.^[2]
19 May – beginning of the first session of theLoyal Parliament.^[5]
11 June –Monmouth Rebellion:James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth, illegitimate son of KingCharles II of England,Scotland andIreland, lands atLyme Regis with an invasion force brought from theDutch Republic to challenge his uncle,James II, for theCrown of England.^[6]
20 June – Monmouth Rebellion:James, Duke of Monmouth, declares himself atTaunton to be King and heir to his father's Kingdoms as James II of England and Ireland and James VII of Scotland.^[2]^[6]
6 July – Monmouth Rebellion: theBattle of Sedgemoor between the armies of King James II and rebel forces under Monmouth, the lastpitched battle fought onEnglish soil. Monmouth's army is defeated and theDuke himself is captured shortly after the battle.^[2]
15 July – the Duke of Monmouth isbeheaded atTower Hill, London, byJack Ketch^[2] with several blows of the axe.
25 August to 23 September –Lord Chief Justice Jeffreys holds theBloody Assizes to try Monmouth's supporters, beginning atWinchester and ending atWells. Over a thousand receive sentences ofhanging ortransportation.^[3]
28 September – Jeffreys is appointedLord Chancellor by the king.^[7]
29 September – the first organisedstreet lighting, usingoil lamps, is established in London by Edward Hemming.^[3]
22 October –Louis XIV of France issues theEdict of Fontainebleau, which revokes theEdict of Nantes and declaresProtestantism illegal in his country, causingHuguenot refugees to flee to England and elsewhere; among them is the Toyé family, who establish thejewellery andclothing business which, asToye, Kenning and Spencer, will still be operating in the hands of the original family in the 21st century.^[8]
23 October –Elizabeth Gaunt, humanitarian,burned at the stake atTyburn for alleged complicity in theRye House Plot, becomes the last woman executed for politicaltreason in England. She is not granted the customary mercy of strangulation before burning.
November – at the king's request,Ferdinando d'Adda is sent as the firstPapal Nuncio to England since 1558.
20 November – theLoyal Parliament isprorogued and never meets again.
Alice Molland becomes the last known person in England to be sentenced to death forwitchcraft, inExeter.^[9]

Births

10 February –Aaron Hill, writer (died 1750)
12 March –George Berkeley, philosopher (died 1753)
30 June –John Gay, writer (died 1732)
3 July –Sir Robert Rich, 4th Baronet, cavalry officer (died 1768)
18 August –Brook Taylor, mathematician (died 1731)
17 December –Thomas Tickell, writer (died 1740)

Deaths

2 January –Sir Harbottle Grimston, 2nd Baronet, politician (born 1603)
6 February – KingCharles II of England (born 1630)
24 February –Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Carlisle, politician and military leader (born 1629)
14 April –Thomas Otway, dramatist (born 1652)
16 June –Anne Killigrew, poet and painter (born 1660)
22 June –Thomas Dangerfield, conspirator, homicide (born c. 1650)
15 July –James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth, illegitimate son of Charles II, executed (born 1649)
28 July –Henry Bennet, 1st Earl of Arlington, statesman (born 1618)
23 October –Henry Cornish, London alderman, executed
30 October – executed
- John Ayloffe, political radical (born c. 1645)
- Richard Nelthorpe, lawyer and conspirator
12 December –John Pell, mathematician (born 1610)

References

^Hutton, Ronald (1989).Charles II: King of England, Scotland and Ireland. Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp. 443, 456.ISBN 0-19-822911-9.
^^a ^b ^c ^d ^eEverett, Jason M., ed. (2006). "1685".The People's Chronology. Thomson Gale.
^^a ^b ^cPalmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992).The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 194–196.ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
^Hutchings, Arthur (1982).Purcell. London:BBC. p. 85.
^Childs, John (1980).The Army, James II, and the Glorious Revolution. Manchester University Press. p. 10.ISBN 0-7190-0688-0.
^^a ^bHarris, Tim (2004)."Scott (Crofts), James, duke of Monmouth and first duke of Buccleuch (1649–1685)".Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press.doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/24879. (Subscription,Wikipedia Library access orUK public library membership required.)
^"Today in History".Metro. London. 28 September 2023. p. 2.
^"Three centuries of craftsmanship and innovation". Toye, Kenning & Spencer. Retrieved5 November 2010.
^Armbruster, Caroline (2016). "Alice Molland (d.1685)". In Levin, Carole; et al. (eds.).A Biographical Encyclopedia of Early Modern Englishwomen: Exemplary Lives: 1500–1650. Routledge. p. 334.OCLC 949870073.

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v t e 1685 in Europe
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Dependencies, colonies and other territories	Guernsey Isle of Man Jersey

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