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14th Street/Eighth Avenue station

Coordinates:40°44′23″N74°00′09″W / 40.739779°N 74.002533°W /40.739779; -74.002533
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from14th Street–Eighth Avenue (New York City Subway))
New York City Subway station in Manhattan

New York City Subway station in Manhattan, New York
 14 Street/8 Avenue
 "A" train​"C" train​"E" train​"L" train
New York City Subwaystation complex
Street entrance inside111 Eighth Avenue
Station statistics
AddressEighth Avenue & West 14th Street
New York, New York
BoroughManhattan
LocaleWest Village,Chelsea
Coordinates40°44′23″N74°00′09″W / 40.739779°N 74.002533°W /40.739779; -74.002533
DivisionB (BMT/IND)[1]
LineIND Eighth Avenue Line
BMT Canarsie Line
Services  A all times (all times)
​  C all except late nights (all except late nights)
​  E all times (all times)​
  L all times (all times)
TransitBus transportNYCT Bus:M12,M14A SBS,M14D SBS,M20
StructureUnderground
Levels2
Other information
OpenedSeptember 10, 1932 (93 years ago) (1932-09-10)[2]
AccessibleThis station is compliant with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990ADA-accessible
Traffic
202411,672,402[3] Increase 7.4%
Rank15 out of 423[3]
Location
14th Street/Eighth Avenue station is located in New York City Subway
14th Street/Eighth Avenue station
Show map of New York City Subway
14th Street/Eighth Avenue station is located in New York City
14th Street/Eighth Avenue station
Show map of New York City
14th Street/Eighth Avenue station is located in New York
14th Street/Eighth Avenue station
Show map of New York
Street map

Map

Station service legend
SymbolDescription
Stops all times except late nightsStops all times except late nights
Stops all timesStops all times

The14th Street/Eighth Avenue station is an undergroundNew York City Subwaystation complex shared by theIND Eighth Avenue Line and theBMT Canarsie Line. Located atEighth Avenue and14th Street inManhattan, the station is served by theA,E, andL trains at all times and theC train at all times except late nights.

The whole complex isADA-compliant, with an accessible station entrance at 14th Street. This complex was renovated at the beginning of the 21st century. There are severalMTANew York City Transit Authority training facilities located in the mezzanine. The station complex contains an artwork byTom Otterness calledLife Underground, which features whimsical bronze sculptures, including asewer alligator, scattered about the station.

History

[edit]

Construction and opening

[edit]

TheDual Contracts, which called for the expansion of theNew York City Subway system, were formalized in early 1913.[4] As part of the Dual Contracts, theBrooklyn Rapid Transit Company (later theBrooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation, or BMT) was to construct a subway from14th Street inManhattan toCanarsie inBrooklyn; this became the BMT'sCanarsie Line.Booth and Flinn was awarded the contract to construct the line on January 13, 1916.[5]Clifford Milburn Holland served as the engineer-in-charge during the construction.[6] The line opened in phases, reachingSixth Avenue in 1924.[7]

Meanwhile, New York City mayorJohn Francis Hylan's original plans for theIndependent Subway System (IND), proposed in 1922, included building over 100 miles (160 km) of new lines and taking over nearly 100 miles (160 km) of existing lines. The lines were designed to compete with the existing underground, surface, and elevated lines operated by theInterborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT) and BMT.[8][9] On December 9, 1924, theNew York City Board of Transportation (BOT) gave preliminary approval for the construction of theIND Eighth Avenue Line.[10] This line consisted of a corridor connectingInwood, Manhattan, toDowntown Brooklyn, running largely underEighth Avenue but also parallelingGreenwich Avenue andSixth Avenue in Lower Manhattan.[10][11] The BOT announced a list of stations on the new line in February 1928, with an express station at 14th Street.[12]

BMT station

[edit]

In the years after the Canarsie Line opened, it saw extremely high ridership, prompting the Central Mercantile Association[13] and the 14th Street Association to request that the line be extended west to Eighth Avenue.[14] In July 1927, New York City comptrollerCharles W. Berry proposed extending the Canarsie Line to Eighth Avenue, and adding a transfer to the proposed IND station there, as part of a 16-point plan to reduce congestion in the New York City Subway system.[15][16] Members of the 14th Street Association even proposed extending the line further west, under theHudson River toNew Jersey.[17]

The Transit Commission notified the BMT in March 1928 that it had approved the extension of the Canarsie Line two blocks under 14th Street, from Sixth to Eighth Avenue; this would allow the line to connect with the new IND subway.[18] By July 1928, the BOT was planning to award contracts for a two-block extension of the Canarsie Line.[19][20] The same month, D. C. Serber submitted a low bid of $3.16 million.[21] The extension was the final portion of the Canarsie Line that the BMT was required to build as part of the Dual Contracts. The BOT hoped that the extension would help relieve congestion at theCanal Street station in lower Manhattan.[20] After theNew York City Board of Estimate approved the extension in August 1928, local civic group 14th Street Merchants' Association wrote a letter to mayorJimmy Walker, expressing its support for the extension.[22] That September, the BOT awarded a $3.15 million contract for the construction of the extension.[23][24]

During the extension's construction, in November 1929, a section of temporary sidewalk collapsed into an excavation for the subway tunnel, injuring four people.[25][26] The BOT began soliciting bids for the station's finishes in June 1930.[27] Construction was halted temporarily the same month when D. C. Serber, the contractor in charge of building the extension, found itself unable to pay a salary to 300 workers.[28] D. C. Serber filed for bankruptcy in October 1930, and areceiver was appointed to complete the project.[24] The Eighth Avenue station of the Canarsie Line opened on May 30, 1931,[29][30] and was the last station to open on the line.[31][32] Local civic groups believed the opening of the Canarsie Line extension would lead to increased business on 14th Street, which already carried more passengers than other major crosstown corridors in Manhattan.[33]

IND station

[edit]

Most of the Eighth Avenue Line was dug using a cheapcut-and-cover method.[34][35] At the 14th Street station, the Eighth Avenue Line passed above the under-construction Canarsie Line, and the Eighth Avenue Line station was designed to permit a possible future extension of the Canarsie Line.[35] The finishes at the four stations between 14th and42nd Street were 21 percent completed by May 1930.[36] By that August, the BOT reported that the Eighth Avenue Line was nearly completed and that the four stations from 14th to 42nd Street were 99.8 percent completed.[37] The entire line was completed by September 1931, except for the installation of turnstiles.[38]

A preview event for the new subway was hosted on September 8, 1932, two days before the official opening.[39][40] The 14th Street station opened on September 10, 1932, as part of the city-operated IND's initial segment, the Eighth Avenue Line betweenChambers Street and207th Street.[2][41] There was a direct connection with the BMT station at 14th Street and Eighth Avenue.[42][43] The 14th Street station was the only stop on the Eighth Avenue Line that provided a free transfer to another subway line, the Canarsie Line, from the outset.[38] TheNew York Herald Tribune described the 14th Street station as one of three "showplaces" on the new IND line, the others being the59th Street and42nd Street stations.[43]

The construction of the Eighth Avenue Line caused real-estate values along Eighth Avenue to increase by as much as 400 percent.[44][45] The IND and BMT station at the intersection of Eighth Avenue and 14th Street, in particular, had spurred the growth of business around that intersection, including the construction of a building for the New York County Trust Company on the northeastern corner.[46][47] Companies and agencies such as theNew York Central Railroad and thePort of New York Authority were relocating to the area, which according to theNew York Herald Tribune had previously been an area "of a mixed residential and business character and of ancient and obsolete structural condition".[46]

Later years

[edit]

1990s renovation

[edit]

In April 1993, theNew York State Legislature agreed to give theMetropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) $9.6 billion for capital improvements. Some of the funds would be used to renovate nearly one hundred New York City Subway stations,[48][49] including both stations in the 14th Street/Eighth Avenue complex.[50] On August 24, 1993, the contract for the project's design was awarded for $994,079. In May 1994, a supplemental agreement worth $203,435 was reached to allow the consultant to design the New York City Transit training facility to be compliant with theAmericans with Disabilities Act of 1990. As part of the project's design, multiple options were considered to improve the station, including the construction of a free transfer zone between the Eighth Avenue and Canarsie Lines.[51]: C-55, C-56  As part of the supplemental agreement, the consultant, Day and Zimmermann International Inc.,[52] was directed to design it.[51]: C-55, C-56 

Citing security concerns, the MTA proposed closing an entrance at 15th Street as part of the renovation, but this prompted complaints from local residents.[53] For the same reason, the MTA closed two staircases at Eighth Avenue and 17th Street in 1995. To compensate for the removal of the 17th Street staircases, the MTA proposed adding three stairways at Eighth Avenue and 16th Street.[54] The original plans called for two staircases at the northeast corner of the intersection, but the MTA decided to add only one staircase there after receiving objections from the owners of a building at that corner. Community members also advocated for the closure of an exit-only staircase at Eighth Avenue and 15th Street, citing concerns about crime and drug use.[55]

The project was originally supposed to cost $34.3 million and be completed by June 1998.[52] By 1999, the project was running two years behind schedule.[52][56] A reporter for theNew York Daily News wrote in June 1999: "The station recently featured hanging wires, closed passageways, a blasting jackhammer, areas blocked by plastic fencing and plywood walls."[52] The MTA attributed the delays to the discovery of structural flaws and poor design work.[56]

Service history

[edit]

When the 14th Street station on the IND Eighth Avenue Line opened, the station was served by express (A) and local (AA) trains between Chambers and 207th Street.[57] After theIND Concourse Line opened on July 1, 1933,[58] theC express andCC local trains started serving the station, running via the Concourse Line, while the AA was discontinued.[59] TheE began using the local tracks on August 19, 1933, when theIND Queens Boulevard Line opened.[60] IND service at the station was again modified in 1940, when AA service was resumed. During that time, the CC local train and the C express train ran only during rush hours.[61][62] In 1985, the AA was relabeled the K;[63] the K train was discontinued in 1988.[64]

The Eighth Avenue station on the BMT Canarsie Line has served trains to Canarsie ever since the station's opening.[65]: 14  Trains between Eighth Avenue and Canarsie were numbered 16 until the 1960s, when it became the LL;[65]: 16  it was again relabeled in 1985 as the L.[63] Starting on September 23, 1936, express trains ran from Eighth Avenue toLefferts Boulevard inQueens.[66] This service, numbered 17, was discontinued in 1956.[65]: 16 

Incidents

[edit]

On April 18, 2004, an L train collided with the bumper block after the operator suffered a possible seizure.[67]

On September 20, 2020, a northboundA train derailed at the IND station when a homeless man clamped wooden planks onto the roadbed, causing the train to derail. Three passengers were injured.[68][69][70]

Station layout

[edit]
GStreet levelExit/entrance
B1Upper mezzanineFare control, station agents
Disabled access Elevator at northwest corner of 14th Street and Eighth Avenue
B2Northbound local←"C" train toward168th Street(23rd Street)
←"E" train towardJamaica Center–Parsons/Archer(23rd Street)
←"A" train towardInwood–207th Street late nights(23rd Street)
Island platformDisabled access
Northbound express←"A" train toward Inwood–207th Street(34th Street–Penn Station)
Southbound express"A" train towardFar Rockaway–Mott Avenue,Rockaway Park–Beach 116th Street, orOzone Park–Lefferts Boulevard(West Fourth Street–Washington Square) →
Island platformDisabled access
Southbound local"C" train towardEuclid Avenue(West Fourth Street–Washington Square) →
"E" train towardWorld Trade Center(West Fourth Street–Washington Square) →
"A" train towardFar Rockaway–Mott Avenue late nights(West Fourth Street–Washington Square) →
B3Lower mezzanineRamp from upper mezzanine to"L" train platforms
B4Track 2"L" train towardCanarsie–Rockaway Parkway(Sixth Avenue) →
Island platformDisabled access
Track 1"L" train toward Canarsie–Rockaway Parkway(Sixth Avenue) →

The 14th Street/Eighth Avenue station consists of 14th Street, an express station on the Eighth Avenue Line, and Eighth Avenue, a terminal station on the Canarsie Line.[71]: 3  The two stations are perpendicular to each other, with the Eighth Avenue Line above the Canarsie Line. The 14th Street station on the Eighth Avenue Line runs north–south and consists of amezzanine and twoisland platforms. The Eighth Avenue station on the Canarsie Line runs west–east and consists of one island platform.[71]: 7 

Artwork

[edit]

The artwork in this station,Life Underground, was designed byTom Otterness, and was installed in 2001.[72] It features whimsical bronze sculptures, including asewer alligator, scattered about the station.[72] Otterness had originally been contracted to sculpt 20 bronze figures, which were to have been installed in 1998.[73] During the late 1990s, some of the individual pieces were put on public display atGrand Army Plaza[74][75] and inBattery Park City.[76] Approximately 25 of the pieces were finally installed at the end of 2000,[77] with the other 30 sculptures installed by 2003.[78] The entire project took 10 years from commissioning to the final completion of the installation.[79]

From 1989 to 1995, an artwork by Ross Lewis could be found in the station. It is calledParallel Motion, and it shows images of moving bodies in the mezzanine drawn by brushstrokes using Chinese calligraphy. It is now situated in the lobby of Public School 89 inBattery Park City.[80]

Exits

[edit]

The entrances of the station complex are located at the intersections of Eighth Avenue and 14th, 15th, and 16th Streets.[71]: 7 [81] The northernmost one has an unstaffed bank of turnstiles, two staircases going up to the northwest corner of 16th Street and Eighth Avenue, and one going up to each eastern side of the intersection. A passageway leads to the front entrance of111 Eighth Avenue (thePort Authority of New York and New Jersey building now occupied byGoogle) at the southwest corner.[81] A sign on the sidewalk outside the building indicates that an entrance to the station is available inside of the building. On either side, at the center of the mezzanine, a set of full-height turnstiles lead to staircases going up to either northern corner of 15th Street and Eighth Avenue.[81]

The full-time fare control area is at the south end of the mezzanine. On the east side is the transfer passageway between the platforms containing a ramp, staircase, and elevator. A set of full-height turnstiles leads to a staircase going up to the northeast corner of 14th Street and 8th Avenue. The full-time turnstile bank has a token booth, two staircases to the southeast corner, two staircases to the southwest corner (outside theNew York County National Bank Building), and one staircase and elevator to the northwest corner (outside theNew York Savings Bank Building). There is a direct entrance/exit to the BMT platforms at one bank of turnstiles here.[81] This area also provides access to a signal training school for New York City Transit employees.

There was a fourth set of entrances located at the intersection of Eighth Avenue and 17th Street which have since been closed.[82][54]

IND Eighth Avenue Line platforms

[edit]
For other uses, see14th Street.
 14 Street
 "A" train​"C" train​"E" train
R211AA train arriving at the southbound platform
Station statistics
DivisionB (IND)[1]
LineIND Eighth Avenue Line
Services  A all times (all times)
​  C all except late nights (all except late nights)
​  E all times (all times)
Platforms2island platforms
cross-platform interchange
Tracks4
Other information
OpenedSeptember 10, 1932 (93 years ago) (1932-09-10)[2]
AccessibleThis station is compliant with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990ADA-accessible
Services
Preceding stationNew York City SubwayNew York City SubwayFollowing station
34th Street–Penn Station
A all times ​C all except late nights

Express		West Fourth Street–Washington Square
A all times ​C all except late nights ​E all times
southbound
23rd Street
A late nights ​C all except late nights ​E all times

Local
Track layout

Station service legend
SymbolDescription
Stops all times except late nightsStops all times except late nights
Stops all timesStops all times
Stops late nights onlyStops late nights only

The14th Street station is an express station on theIND Eighth Avenue Line that has four tracks and twoisland platforms.[83] The station is served by the A[84] and E[85] trains at all times, as well as the C[86] train at all times except late nights. The C and E trains use the local tracks; the A train uses the express tracks during the daytime and the local tracks at night.[87] It is the southernmost Eighth Avenue Line station that is underEighth Avenue itself. South of here, the line curves east toSixth Avenue via Greenwich Avenue.[12]

The walls of the station contain yellow tile bands[88] with darker yellow borders.[89] Since 14th Street is an express station, it originally had a wider tile band than local stations.[89] The tile colors are intended to help riders identify their station more easily, part of a color-codedtile system for the entire Independent Subway System.[88][89] The tile colors were designed to facilitate navigation for travelers going away fromLower Manhattan; on the Eighth Avenue Line, the tiles change color at the next express station to the north. As such, the yellow tiles used at the 14th Street station were also used on23rd Street, the local station to the north; the next express station,34th Street–Penn Station, used a different tile color.[90][91] "14th" is written in black on the white tiles below the trim line. The original 1931 trim line was a three-tile, high, deep yellow-orange set without a border.

Both platforms have yellow I-beam-columns running along the center of the platform. There are many staircases and one elevator per platform leading up to the full-length mezzanine above, which has a trim line, name tablets, and columns that are held in the same style as the platform below.

BMT Canarsie Line platform

[edit]
For the station on 62nd Street in Brooklyn, seeEighth Avenue station (BMT Sea Beach Line). For other uses, seeEighth Avenue.
 8 Avenue
 "L" train
Station statistics
DivisionB (BMT)[1]
LineBMT Canarsie Line
Services  L all times (all times)
Platforms1island platform
Tracks2
Other information
OpenedMay 30, 1931 (94 years ago) (1931-05-30)
AccessibleThis station is compliant with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990ADA-accessible
Services
Preceding stationNew York City SubwayNew York City SubwayFollowing station
TerminusSixth Avenue
Track layout

Station service legend
SymbolDescription
Stops all timesStops all times

TheEighth Avenue station (displayed as Eighth Avenue–14th Street on NTT trains) is the western (railroad north)terminal of theBMT Canarsie Line and has two tracks and oneisland platform.[83][65]: 59–60  The station is served by the L train at all times.[92]

Eighth Avenue uses a single island platform with two tracks.[93] The platform is approximately 545 feet (166 m) long and can fit nine 60-foot-long (18 m) cars.[65]: 58  Fixed platform barriers, which are intended to prevent commuters falling to the tracks, are positioned near the platform edges.[94][95] The tracks end atbumper blocks just past the west end of the platform. There are double crossovers east of the Eighth Avenue station, allowing terminating trains to access either track. Untilautomated train operation was implemented on the Canarsie Line in the 2010s, the switches were several hundred feet away from the end of the platform, and westbound trains were forced to enter the station extremely slowly.[65]: 59–60 

The station was originally decorated in a more IND style than the rest of the Canarsie Line, which was built by the BMT. The original tile band was a two-tone ultramarine blue with "8th Av" captions.[93] However, a 1999 renovation subsequently removed the IND style and replaced it with the BMT quilt-like tile pattern that exists on all other subway stations on the BMT Canarsie Line. The current tile color scheme is white with red stripes and mosaics held in beige and tan, with a pattern of red, yellow, green, and off-white in the center. To signify the station's location, there are small "8" decorations set in teal-green hexagons, as found in other stations on the line.[93]

Nearby points of interest

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^abc"Glossary".Second Avenue Subway Supplemental Draft Environmental Impact Statement (SDEIS)(PDF). Vol. 1. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. March 4, 2003. pp. 1–2. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on February 26, 2021. RetrievedJanuary 1, 2021.
  2. ^abcCrowell, Paul (September 10, 1932)."Gay Midnight Crowd Rides First Trains In The New Subway: Throngs at Station an Hour Before Time, Rush Turnstiles When Chains are Dropped"(PDF).The New York Times. RetrievedNovember 8, 2015.
  3. ^ab"Annual Subway Ridership (2018–2023)".Metropolitan Transportation Authority. 2023. RetrievedApril 20, 2024.
  4. ^"Money Set Aside for New Subways; Board of Estimate Approves City Contracts to be Signed To-day with Interboro and B.R.T."(PDF).The New York Times. March 19, 1913.ISSN 0362-4331.Archived(PDF) from the original on July 7, 2021. RetrievedNovember 10, 2017.
  5. ^"East River Tunnel Contract Awarded".The New York Times. January 14, 1916. RetrievedFebruary 28, 2010.
  6. ^Aronson, Michael (June 15, 1999)."The Digger Clifford Holland".Daily News. New York. Archived fromthe original on July 5, 2017. RetrievedJuly 2, 2010.
  7. ^"Celebrate Opening of Subway Link; Civic and City Officials Ride in First Train Over 14th St. Line to Brooklyn".The New York Times. July 1, 1924.ISSN 0362-4331. RetrievedApril 28, 2023.
  8. ^"Two Subway Routes Adopted by City".The New York Times. August 4, 1923. p. 9.ISSN 0362-4331. RetrievedAugust 1, 2019.
  9. ^"Plans Now Ready to Start Subways".The New York Times. March 12, 1924. p. 1.ISSN 0362-4331. RetrievedAugust 1, 2019.
  10. ^ab"Hylan Subway Plan Links Four Boroughs at $450,000,000 Cost".The New York Times. December 10, 1924. p. 1.ISSN 0362-4331.Archived from the original on June 14, 2018. RetrievedJune 29, 2018.
  11. ^Raskin, Joseph B. (2013).The Routes Not Taken: A Trip Through New York City's Unbuilt Subway System. New York, New York: Fordham University Press.doi:10.5422/fordham/9780823253692.001.0001.ISBN 978-0-82325-369-2.
  12. ^ab"Express and Local Stations For New Eighth Avenue Line".New York Herald Tribune. February 5, 1928. p. B1.ISSN 1941-0646.ProQuest 1113431477.
  13. ^"Asks Subway Extension; Mercantile Association Wants 14th Street Line to Run to 8th Avenue".The New York Times. May 1, 1926.ISSN 0362-4331. RetrievedApril 29, 2023.
  14. ^"Urges Nassau St. Subway; H.P. Beach Again Pleads for 14th Street Extension Also".The New York Times. August 11, 1926.ISSN 0362-4331. RetrievedApril 29, 2023.
  15. ^"16 Ways to Relieve Subway Congestion Offered by Berry; Controller Urges More Cars at Once, Longer Platforms and Transfers at Vital Points".The New York Times. July 22, 1927.ISSN 0362-4331. RetrievedApril 29, 2023.
  16. ^"Berry Terms Unity and Cars Subway Needs: Comptroller Submits 17 Recommendations for Improvement, Based on St.Louis Expert's Report Rush-Hour Transfer Exchange Proposed Wants Old Lines Linked to City's New Ones, Riders Delaying Trains Arrested Reports on Subicay Ills".New York Herald Tribune. July 22, 1927. p. 1.ISSN 1941-0646.ProQuest 1132646213.
  17. ^"Realty News: May Run Crosstown 14th St. Line To N. J.".Women's Wear Daily. Vol. 37, no. 6. July 9, 1928. p. 23.ProQuest 1727876544.
  18. ^"Subway To Be Extended".New York Herald Tribune. March 15, 1928. p. 6.ISSN 1941-0646.ProQuest 1113346354.
  19. ^"Begin Operation of New Subway on July 14 Commission Decides".The Chat. Brooklyn. July 7, 1928. p. 42. RetrievedApril 28, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  20. ^ab"Subway Opening Planned".The Brooklyn Citizen. July 7, 1928. p. 6. RetrievedApril 28, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  21. ^"Subway Bids Submitted; Lowest Offer for 14th St.-Eastern Extension is $3,160,000".The New York Times. July 25, 1928.ISSN 0362-4331. RetrievedApril 29, 2023.
  22. ^"B.M.T. Link to New Subway Praised as Traffic Relief".The New York Times. August 20, 1928.ISSN 0362-4331. RetrievedApril 28, 2023.
  23. ^"Transit Board Report Shows Jump Over '27".The Brooklyn Citizen. January 2, 1929. p. 4. RetrievedApril 28, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  24. ^ab"Subway Contractors Face Bankruptcy Suit; Receiver Asked for D.C. Serber, Inc., Which Defaulted on 14th St. B.M.T. Line".The New York Times. October 11, 1930.ISSN 0362-4331. RetrievedApril 29, 2023.
  25. ^"4 Sightseers Buried as Subway Caves in; Plunged Into Deep Excavation in 14th St. When 50 Feet of Planking Collapses".The New York Times. November 12, 1929.ISSN 0362-4331. RetrievedApril 29, 2023.
  26. ^"Subway Cave-In Engulfs 4, Opens 14th St. Cavern: Blast Shatters B. M. T. Link, Imperiling Thousands".New York Herald Tribune. November 12, 1929. p. 2.ISSN 1941-0646.ProQuest 1111675621.
  27. ^"New Subway Borough Link Plans Rushed".The Standard Union. Brooklyn. July 30, 1930. p. 5. RetrievedApril 29, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  28. ^"Defaults on Subway Job; D.C. Serber, Unable to Meet Payroll on 14th Street Extension".The New York Times. June 21, 1930.ISSN 0362-4331. RetrievedApril 29, 2023.
  29. ^"Mayor Drives Train in New Subway Link".The New York Times. May 30, 1931. p. 6.ISSN 0362-4331. RetrievedMay 3, 2020.
  30. ^"Walker Operates First Train in Nassau St. Loop: Tests Out Whistle Before Sudden Stop for Which Instructor Takes Blame New B. M. T. System Link Other Officials at Opening of $10,000,000 Subway Nassau Street Subway Is Formally Opened".New York Herald Tribune. May 30, 1931. p. 3.ISSN 1941-0646.ProQuest 1114103146.
  31. ^"New Subway Connection".Times Union. Brooklyn. May 29, 1931. p. 6. RetrievedApril 28, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  32. ^"New Subway Called World's Most Costly".The Standard Union. Brooklyn. May 29, 1931. p. 2. RetrievedApril 28, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  33. ^"14th Street Subway Unit, Opening Saturday, Seen Important To Merchants".Women's Wear Daily. Vol. 42, no. 101. May 25, 1931. p. 28.ProQuest 1653451690.
  34. ^Warner, Arthur (November 22, 1931)."The City's New Underground Province; The Eighth Avenue Subway Will Be Not Only a Transit Line but a Centre for the Shopper A New Underground Province of New York The Eighth Avenue Subway Will Be a Rapid Transit Line With Innovations and Will Provide Centres for the Shoppers".The New York Times.ISSN 0362-4331.Archived from the original on May 3, 2018. RetrievedMay 2, 2018.
  35. ^abDaly, William Jerome (February 5, 1928). "New Subway Work Far Advanced, From the Circle to 207th Street: Small Section Near St. Nicholas Avenue and 148th Street Being Constructed".New York Herald Tribune. p. B1.ProQuest 1113431484.
  36. ^"Progress is Rapid on 8th Av. Subway; Board's Engineers Report Spurt in Building Is Likely to Open the Line in July, 1930".The New York Times. May 26, 1930.ISSN 0362-4331. RetrievedApril 29, 2023.
  37. ^"Eighth Av. Subway Nearly Completed; Basic Construction Work From Chambers to 207th St. Done Except on Few Short Stretches".The New York Times. August 24, 1930.ISSN 0362-4331. RetrievedMarch 15, 2023.
  38. ^abO'Brien, John C. (September 9, 1931). "8th Ave. Line Being Rushed For Use Jan. 1: Turnstile Installation on Subway Begins Monday; Other Equipment Ready for Start of Train Service City Has Yet to Find Operating Company Transit Official on Trip, 207th to Canal Street, Inspects Finished Tube".New York Herald Tribune. p. 1.ISSN 1941-0646.ProQuest 1331181357.
  39. ^"Sightseers Invade New Subway When Barricade Is lifted".The New York Times. September 9, 1932.ISSN 0362-4331.Archived from the original on July 1, 2022. RetrievedJuly 1, 2022.
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