_Sundmania.png) Shape model ofSundmania from itslightcurve | |
| Discovery[1] | |
|---|---|
| Discovered by | Y. Väisälä |
| Discovery site | Turku Obs. |
| Discovery date | 9 January 1937 |
| Designations | |
| (1424) Sundmania | |
Named after | Karl F. Sundman[2][3] (Finnish mathematician) |
| 1937 AJ · 1929 SS 1929 UB · 1931 AD 1938 FP · A918 WA | |
| main-belt · (outer)[4] | |
| Orbital characteristics[1] | |
| Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5) | |
| Uncertainty parameter 0 | |
| Observation arc | 98.53 yr (35,989 days) |
| Aphelion | 3.3831AU |
| Perihelion | 2.9966 AU |
| 3.1899 AU | |
| Eccentricity | 0.0606 |
| 5.70yr (2,081 days) | |
| 196.29° | |
| 0° 10m 22.8s / day | |
| Inclination | 9.1784° |
| 42.988° | |
| 301.53° | |
| Physical characteristics | |
| 64.691±0.254 km[5] 68.169±1.767 km[6] 70.56 km(derived)[4] 70.75±2.5 km[7] 73.40±0.86 km[8] 74.46±16.37 km[9] 80.20±28.15 km[10] 84.67±0.64 km[11] | |
| 93.73±0.03 h[12] | |
| 0.030±0.004[11] 0.03±0.01[9] 0.03±0.04[10] 0.0426(derived)[4] 0.052±0.001[8] 0.0559±0.004[7] 0.0602±0.0136[6] | |
| SMASS =X[1] · P[6] · C[4] | |
| 9.50[6][7][8] · 9.80[4][11] · 9.90[1][9] · 10.03±0.38[14] · 10.07[10] | |
1424 Sundmania (prov. designation:1937 AJ) is a largeasteroid and ratherslow rotator from thebackground population of the outer regions of theasteroid belt. It was discovered on 9 January 1937, by astronomerYrjö Väisälä at theTurku Observatory in southwest Finland.[15] The darkX-type asteroid has a notably longrotation period of 93.7 hours and measures approximately 70 kilometers (43 miles) in diameter. It was named after Finnish astronomer and mathematicianKarl F. Sundman.[2]
Sundmania is a non-family asteroid of the main belt'sbackground population when applying thehierarchical clustering method to itsproper orbital elements. It orbits the Sun in theouter main-belt at a distance of 3.0–3.4 AU once every 5 years and 8 months (2,081 days). Its orbit has aneccentricity of 0.06 and aninclination of 9° with respect to theecliptic.[1] The body'sobservation arc begins with its first identification asA918 WA atHeidelberg Observatory in November 1918, more than 18 years prior to its official discovery observation at Turku.[15]
Thisminor planet was named after Finnish mathematicianKarl F. Sundman (1873–1949), who intensively worked on then-body problem. Sundman worked as an astronomer at several observatories all over Europe. He became director of theHelsinki University Observatory and was appointed professor of astronomy at theUniversity of Helsinki in 1907. The asteroids1558 Järnefelt and1559 Kustaanheimo were also named after astronomers from the University of Helsinki.[2][3] Thenaming was mentioned inThe Names of the Minor Planets byPaul Herget in 1955 (H 129). The lunar craterSundman was also named in his honor.[2]
In theSMASS classification,Sundmania is anX-type asteroid.[1] It has also been characterized as a primitiveP-type by theWide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE).[6] The Lightcurve Data Base assumes it to be a carbonaceousC-type asteroid.[4]
Sundmania is a ratherslow rotator as most minor planets have arotation period of less than 20 hours.
In April 2012, a rotationallightcurve ofSundmania was obtained fromphotometric observations by American astronomerRobert Stephens at the Goat Mountain Astronomical Research Station (G79) in California. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 93.73 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.42magnitude (U=2+).[12] Observations by French amateur astronomersLaurent Bernasconi andRené Roy gave a period of 36 and 47 hours, of which the latter seems to be half the period solution obtained by Stephens (U=1/1+).[16]
In 2016, an international study modeled a lightcurve with a period of94.537±0.005 hours and found twospin axes of (51.0°, 76.0°) and (275.0°, 58.0°) inecliptic coordinates (λ, β).[13]
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical SatelliteIRAS, the JapaneseAkari satellite and theNEOWISE mission of NASA's WISE telescope,Sundmania measures between 64.691 and 84.67 kilometers in diameter and its surface has analbedo between 0.030 and 0.0602.[5][6][7][8][9][10][11] TheCollaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.0426 and a diameter of 70.56 kilometers based on anabsolute magnitude of 9.8.[4]
