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12th Dalai Lama

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Spiritual leader of Tibet from 1860 to 1875

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12th Dalai Lama, Trinley Gyatso

Title

His Holiness the 12thDalai Lama

Personal life

Born

(1856-12-28)28 December 1856^[1]^[2]

Lhoka,Ü-Tsang,Tibet,Qing Dynasty

Died

25 April 1875(1875-04-25) (aged 18)

Lhasa,Tibet,Qing Dynasty

Religious life

Religion

Tibetan Buddhism

Senior posting

Period in office

1860–1875

Predecessor

11th Dalai Lama, Khedrup Gyatso

Successor

13th Dalai Lama, Thubten Gyatso

Chinese name

Chinese

成烈嘉措

Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin	Chénglìe Jiācuò

Tibetan name

Tibetan

འཕྲིན་ལས་རྒྱ་མཚོ།

Transcriptions
Wylie	'phrin las rgya mtsho
Tibetan Pinyin	Chinlai Gyaco

Tibetan Buddhism
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v t e

Trinley Gyatso (also spelledTrinle Gyatso andThinle Gyatso; 28 December 1856 – 25 April 1875) was the 12thDalai Lama ofTibet.

His short life coincided with a time of major political unrest and wars among Tibet's neighbours. TheBritish Empire, which controlledIndia, was expanding its influence northwards, while theQing dynasty, weakened by theOpium Wars and theTaiping Rebellion, lost influence in Tibet, leaving the Tibetans politically adrift.^{[citation needed]}

He was recognised as a reincarnation of the Dalai Lama in 1858 and enthroned in 1860. During his period of training as a child, Tibet banned Europeans from entering the country due to British wars withSikkim andBhutan, both of whom were controlled to a considerable degree by the lamas inLhasa. These wars were seen as efforts to colonise Tibet—something seen as unacceptable by the lamas. Also, with Christian missionaries threatening to enter Tibet via theMekong andSalween Rivers, Tibetans tried to emphasize the Qing dynasty's authority over Tibet in the 1860s.^[3]^{[need quotation to verify]}

Trinley Gyatso was fully enthroned as Dalai Lama on 11 March 1873 but could not stamp his full authority on Tibet because he died of a mysterious illness on 25 April 1875.^[4]

"During the period of the short-lived Dalai Lamas—from the Ninth to the Twelfth incarnations—thePanchen was the lama of the hour, filling the void left by the four Dalai Lamas who died in their youth."^[5]

References

[edit]

^Chhosphel, Samten (November 2011)."The Twelfth Dalai Lama, Trinle Gyatso".The Treasury of Lives.The Twelfth Dalai Lama, Trinle Gyatso ... was born ... in 1856, on the first day of the twelfth month of fire-dragon year of the fourteenth sexagenary cycle.
^According tothis online Tibetan calendar, the first day of the twelfth month of this year was 28 Dec 1856.
^The Cambridge History of China, vol10, p. 407.
^Khetsun Sangpo Rinpoche. (1982). "Life and times of the Eighth to Twelfth Dalai Lamas."The Tibet Journal. Vol. VII Nos. 1 & 2. Spring/Summer 1982, p. 54.
^The Fourteen Dalai Lamas: A Sacred Legacy of Reincarnation, p. 175.Glenn H. Mullin. Clear Light Publishers. Santa Fe, New Mexico.ISBN 1-57416-092-3.

Buddhist titles
Preceded by Khedrup Gyatso	Dalai Lama 1860–1875 Recognized in 1858	Succeeded by Thubten Gyatso

v t e Dalai Lamas
Gendun Drup, 1st Dalai Lama	Gendun Drup(1391–1474) Gendun Gyatso(1475–1542) Sonam(1543–1588) Yonten(1589–1617) Lozang(1617–1682) Tsangyang(1683–1706) Kelzang(1708–1757) Jamphel(1758–1804) Lungtok(1805–1815) Tsultrim(1816–1837) Khedrup(1838–1856) Trinley(1857–1875) Thubten(1876–1933) Tenzin(1935–present)
List of Dalai Lamas Gelug Yellow Hat sect Ganden Podrang Potala Palace Norbulingka

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