The12N360 (Russian:12Н360; other designations areA-85-3A or2V-12-3A) diesel engine is a Russian four-strokediesel engine produced by theChelyabinsk Engine Plant. The water-cooled twelve-cylinderX-engine with direct injection was developed to power theArmata Universal Combat Platform, on which theT-14 tank, among others, is based.
Development of the 12N360 began as early as the 1970s. In 1977 a first prototype with an output of 1200 hp and the designation 12ChN was running. At the time, the Soviet leadership favored the gas turbine and the two-stroke 5TDFopposed-piston engine for tank propulsion, and no funds were made available for further development of the 12ChN.[1] Also, the later development of theV-2 series into the V-93 with 1120 hp showed that this V12 engine still had potential.
The 12N360 is aturbocharged, horizontal X engine with 12 cylinders. The X design makes it much more compact than its predecessor, the V-93[2] (Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant), and similar in size to the 5TDF[3] and 6TDF two-stroke opposed-piston engines (Malyshev Factory).[4]
| Number of cylinders | 12 |
| Displacement | 34,593 cc (2,111.0 cu in; 34.593 L)[5] |
| Max. Torque | 3,840 N⋅m (2,830 lb⋅ft) |
| Length | 813 mm (32.0 in)[5] |
| Width | 1,300 mm (51 in)[5] |
| Height | 820 mm (32 in)[5] |
| Mass | 1,550 kg (3,420 lb)[5] |
| Rated power | 1,500 hp (1,500 PS; 1,100 kW)[5] |
| Rated speed | 2000 min-1 |
| Specific fuel consumption | 217.9 g / kWh |