Dark background asteroid
1294 Antwerpia (prov. designation 1933 UB1 ) is a darkbackground asteroid from the central regions of theasteroid belt . It was discovered on 24 October 1933, by astronomerEugène Delporte at theRoyal Observatory of Belgium in Uccle.[ 3] C-type asteroid has arotation period of 6.6 hours and measures approximately 35 kilometers (22 miles) in diameter. It was named for the Belgian city ofAntwerp .[ 2]
Orbit and classification [ edit ] Antwerpia is a non-family asteroid of the main belt'sbackground population when applying thehierarchical clustering method to itsproper orbital elements .[ 4] [ 5] central main belt at a distance of 2.1–3.3 AU once every 4 years and 5 months (1,608 days). Its orbit has aneccentricity of 0.23 and aninclination of 9° with respect to theecliptic .[ 1] A917 DB atHeidelberg Observatory in February 2017, where the body'sobservation arc begins one month later in March 2017.[ 3]
Thisminor planet was named after the city ofAntwerp inFlanders , the Dutch-speaking part of Belgium. The official naming citation was mentioned inThe Names of the Minor Planets Paul Herget in 1955 (H 118 [ 2]
Physical characteristics [ edit ] In theSMASS classification ,Antwerpia is a carbonaceousC-type asteroid .[ 1] Small Solar System Objects Spectroscopic Survey (S3OS2).[ 5] [ 13]
Rotation period and poles [ edit ] Several rotationallightcurves ofAntwerpia have been obtained from photometric observations since 2005. Lightcurve analysis gave arotation period of 6.63 hours with a brightness variation of 0.42magnitude (U=1/3/3-/3-/3/2 [ 15] [ 16] [ 17] [ 14] [ 18] [ 12] [ a]
A 2016-published lightcurve, using modeled photometric data from the Lowell Photometric Database (LPD), gave a concurring period of 6.62521 hours (U=n.a. ecliptic coordinates (λ, β).[ 19]
Diameter and albedo [ edit ] According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical SatelliteIRAS , the JapaneseAkari satellite and theNEOWISE mission of NASA'sWide-field Infrared Survey Explorer ,Antwerpia measures between 27.82 and 40.717 kilometers in diameter and its surface has analbedo between 0.0887 and 0.125.[ 6] [ 7] [ 8] [ 9] [ 10] Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.0783 and a diameter of 34.40 kilometers based on anabsolute magnitude of 10.7.[ 11]
^a b c d e f g "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1294 Antwerpia (1933 UB1)" (2016-11-02 last obs.).Jet Propulsion Laboratory . Archived fromthe original on 19 August 2020. Retrieved14 September 2017 .^a b c Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(1294) Antwerpia".Dictionary of Minor Planet Names .Springer Berlin Heidelberg . p. 106.doi :10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1295 .ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3 ^a b c "1294 Antwerpia (1933 UB1)" .Minor Planet Center . Retrieved14 September 2017 .^a b "Asteroid 1294 Antwerpia – Proper Elements" . AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site. Retrieved16 March 2020 .^a b c d e "Asteroid 1294 Antwerpia" .Small Bodies Data Ferret . Retrieved16 March 2020 .^a b c d Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Masiero, J.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Grav, T.; et al. (December 2015)."NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year One: Preliminary Asteroid Diameters and Albedos" .The Astrophysical Journal .814 (2): 13.arXiv :1509.02522 Bibcode :2015ApJ...814..117N .doi :10.1088/0004-637X/814/2/117 . Retrieved14 September 2017 . ^a b c d Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004)."IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0" .NASA Planetary Data System .12 : IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0.Bibcode :2004PDSS...12.....T . Retrieved22 October 2019 . ^a b c d Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011)."Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey" .Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan .63 (5):1117– 1138.Bibcode :2011PASJ...63.1117U .doi :10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117 online ,AcuA catalog p. 153 )^a b c Masiero, Joseph R.; Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Nugent, C. R.; Bauer, J. M.; Stevenson, R.; et al. (August 2014)."Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos" .The Astrophysical Journal .791 (2): 11.arXiv :1406.6645 Bibcode :2014ApJ...791..121M .doi :10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121 . Retrieved14 September 2017 . ^a b c d Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D.; et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results".The Astrophysical Journal .741 (2): 25.arXiv :1109.6407 Bibcode :2011ApJ...741...90M .doi :10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90 . ^a b c "LCDB Data for (1294) Antwerpia" . Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved14 September 2017 .^a b Lecrone, Crystal; Addleman, Don; Butler, Thomas; Hudson, Erin; Mulvihill, Alex; Reichert, Chris; et al. (September 2005)."2004-2005 winter observing campaign at Rose-Hulman Institute: results for 1098 Hakone, 1182 Ilona, 1294 Antwerpia, 1450 Raimonda, 2251 Tikhov, and 2365 Interkosmos" (PDF) .Minor Planet Bulletin .32 (3):46– 48.Bibcode :2005MPBu...32...46L .ISSN 1052-8091 . Retrieved16 March 2020 . ^a b Lazzaro, D.; Angeli, C. A.; Carvano, J. M.; Mothé-Diniz, T.; Duffard, R.; Florczak, M. (November 2004)."S3OS2: the visible spectroscopic survey of 820 asteroids" (PDF) .Icarus .172 (1):179– 220.Bibcode :2004Icar..172..179L .doi :10.1016/j.icarus.2004.06.006 . Retrieved16 March 2020 . ^a b Waszczak, Adam; Chang, Chan-Kao; Ofek, Eran O.; Laher, Russ; Masci, Frank; Levitan, David; et al. (September 2015)."Asteroid Light Curves from the Palomar Transient Factory Survey: Rotation Periods and Phase Functions from Sparse Photometry" .The Astronomical Journal .150 (3): 35.arXiv :1504.04041 Bibcode :2015AJ....150...75W .doi :10.1088/0004-6256/150/3/75 . Retrieved14 September 2017 . ^ Almeida, R.; Angeli, C. A.; Duffard, R.; Lazzaro, D. (February 2004)."Rotation periods for small main-belt asteroids" .Astronomy and Astrophysics .415 :403– 406.Bibcode :2004A&A...415..403A .doi :10.1051/0004-6361:20034585 ^ Stephens, Robert D. (July 2014)."Asteroids Observed from CS3: 2014 January - March" (PDF) .Minor Planet Bulletin .41 (3):171– 175.Bibcode :2014MPBu...41..171S .ISSN 1052-8091 . Retrieved16 March 2020 . ^ Klinglesmith, Daniel A. III; Hanowell, Jesse; Risley, Ethan; Turk, Janek; Vargas, Angelica; Warren, Curtis Alan (July 2014)."Lightcurves for Inversion Model Candidates" (PDF) .Minor Planet Bulletin .41 (3):139– 143.Bibcode :2014MPBu...41..139K .ISSN 1052-8091 . Retrieved16 March 2020 . ^ Behrend, Raoul."Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (1294) Antwerpia" .Geneva Observatory . Retrieved14 September 2017 . ^ Ďurech, J.; Hanuš, J.; Oszkiewicz, D.; Vančo, R. (March 2016). "Asteroid models from the Lowell photometric database".Astronomy and Astrophysics .587 : A48.arXiv :1601.02909 Bibcode :2016A&A...587A..48D .doi :10.1051/0004-6361/201527573 .ISSN 0004-6361 .
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