| 125th Fighter Squadron | |
|---|---|
 125th Fighter Squadron – General Dynamics F-16C Block 42E Fighting Falcon 89-2017 | |
| Active | 1941–Present |
| Country |  United States |
| Allegiance |  Oklahoma |
| Branch |  Air National Guard |
| Type | Squadron |
| Role | Attack |
| Part of | Oklahoma Air National Guard |
| Garrison/HQ | Tulsa Air National Guard Base, Oklahoma |
| Nickname | "Tulsa Vipers" |
| Tail Code | Red tailband with white 'Tulsa' stencilling inside; Full color Indian head; "OK" |
| Insignia | |
| 125th Fighter Squadron emblem |  |
The125th Fighter Squadron (125 FS) is a unit of theOklahoma Air National Guard138th Fighter Wing located atTulsa Air National Guard Base, Oklahoma. The 125th is equipped with the Block 42F-16C Fighting Falcon.
The squadron is a descendant organization of the125th Aero Squadron, established on 30 July 1940. It was one of the29 original National Guard Observation Squadrons of theUnited States Army National Guard formed beforeWorld War II.
TheOklahoma Air National Guard originated during the pre World War II formation of ArmyNational Guard aviation units. In July 1940 the War Department allotted the 125th Observation Squadron to theOklahoma National Guard. Organized in Tulsa, the squadron was equipped with 0-38 aircraft. It was federally recognized on 31 January 1941.
Seven months after its federal recognition, the 125th Observation Squadron was federalized and ordered into active service on 15 September 1941. The 125th was assigned to the68th Observation Group atFort Sill. In March 1942 the unit was transferred to the77th Observation Group. It operated as the 125th Observation Squadron (Light) until July 1942, when it was again designated the 125th Observation Squadron. During the remainder of 1942 it trained with various aircraft at Fort Sill and other installations. In April 1943 the 125th was renamed the 125th Liaison Squadron. Transferred to Texas, it joined the Second Air Force Support Command and was re-equipped withL-5 Sentinel aircraft. In January 1944 the squadron became a part of the76th Tactical Reconnaissance Group.
The 125th arrived inEngland in June 1944 and was assigned to theNinth Air Force. Deployed to theU.S. Ninth Army, units of the 125th arrived in France in August 1944 and served with the Twelfth and Sixth army groups. In November 1944 the 125th was assigned to theXIX Tactical Air Command (Provisional) and then to theIX Fighter Command. AfterV-E Day the 125th was transferred to theXII Tactical Air Command of the Army of Occupation.
The wartime 125th Liaison Squadron was re-designated as the125th Fighter Squadron and allotted to theOklahoma Air National Guard, on 24 May 1946. It was organized atTulsa Municipal Airport, Oklahoma, and was extended federal recognition on 15 February 1947 by theNational Guard Bureau. The 1125th Fighter Squadron was bestowed the history, honors, and colors of the 125th Liaison Squadron and all predecessor units. The squadron was equipped withF-51D Mustang Fighters and was assigned to theMissouri ANG71st Fighter Wing, an umbrella unit of early ANG units in the midwest. The squadron was assigned the mission for air defense of the State of Oklahoma.
On 18 December 1947, the 125th FS was transferred to the newly recognized Oklahoma ANG137th Fighter Group and joined the185th Fighter Squadron at Norman. The Norman-based 137th Fighter Group provided command and logistical support. The 125th then performed training missions over Northern Oklahoma and the panhandle; the 188th trained over Southern Oklahoma to the Texas border.
In June 1950, the 125th began re-equipping from F-51D Mustangs toF-84B Thunderjets. The F-84s were received from Republic after refurbishing, the aircraft seeing previous service with the 14th or 20th Fighter Groups.
The 125th and its parent 137th Fighter Group were federalized and ordered to active service on 10 October 1950 due to theKorean War, becoming part ofNinth Air Force,Tactical Air Command (TAC). On 27 November 1950, it was moved toAlexandria AFB, Louisiana, where it was joined with theKansas ANG127th Fighter Squadron andGeorgia ANG128th Fighter Squadron. The 137th Fighter-Bomber Wing was scheduled for deployment to the newChaumont-Semoutiers AB, France, as part of theUnited States Air Forces in Europe (USAFE).
At Alexandria, the unit was scheduled for conversion training in theF-84G Thunderjet. Deployment of the wing was delayed, however, by the need to transfer its pilots to Korea from training and delays in receiving engines for the F-84Gs, as well as the ongoing construction at Chaumont AB. As no F-84Gs were available, F-84Ds were furnished by TAC and along with the F-84Bs, the unit trained in the jet aircraft.
Training and delays continued throughout 1951. Due to these delays, many of the activated National Guard airmen were released from active duty and never deployed to France. F-84G models were finally received in the spring of 1951 and the Guardsmen were able to train in long-range endurance missions. However, ongoing delays in France kept the 137th in Louisiana for over a year.
With mostly regular Air Force personnel and all the delays behind them, the remaining Guardsmen departed Louisiana on 5 May 1952 for Europe; however, the 128th inherited a base that was little more than acres of mud where wheat fields used to be. The only hardened facilities at Chaumont were a concrete runway and a handful of tarpaper shacks. The 127th wound up being stationed by USAFE atNeubiberg Air Base, West Germany until the facilities in France were suitable for military use. The aircraft arrived at Chaumont on 25 June, being the first USAF tactical air fighters to be based permanently in France, albeit working mostly in tents and temporary wooden buildings on their new base.
The Guardsmen of the 125th ended their active-duty tour in France and returned to the United States in late June, leaving their F-84G Thunderjets in Europe.
The 125th returned from France and was reformed in Tulsa in July 1952, being assigned toTactical Air Command as a Fighter-Bomber squadron. It was re-equipped withF-51D Mustangs, owing to the lack of jet aircraft available. The squadron continued to train in the Mustang until 1954 when obsolescentF-80C Shooting Star jets were received.
In 1957 the Oklahoma Air National Guard was given a fighter-interceptor mission inAir Defense Command (ADC), and on 1 August, the 125th Fighter-Bomber Squadron was authorized to expand to a group level. The138th Fighter-Interceptor Group was authorized and extended federal recognition by theNational Guard Bureau. The 125th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron becoming the group's flying unit. Other support squadrons assigned into the group were the 138th Headquarters, 138th Material Squadron (Maintenance), 138th Combat Support Squadron, and the 138th USAF Dispensary.
With the Fighter-Interceptor mission assignment, the 125th also assumed ADC runway alert program on full 24-hour basis – with armed jet fighters ready to "scramble" at a moment's notice. This event brought the group into the daily combat operational program of the USAF, placing us on "the end of the runway" alongside regular USAF-Air Defense Fighter Squadrons. The obsolescent F-80 day fighters were upgraded to the all-weather/day/nightF-86D Sabre Interceptor by the end of the year. In June 1959 the squadron traded their F-86Ds for the upgradedF-86L Sabre Interceptor with uprated afterburning engines and new electronics.
In January 1960, the 138th FIS was reassigned toMilitary Air Transport Service (MATS), trading in its Sabre interceptors for 4-enginedC-97 Stratofreighter transports. With air transportation recognized as a critical wartime need, the unit was re-designated the 138th Air Transport Wing (Heavy) with the 125th Air Transport Squadron. During the1961 Berlin Crisis, both the Group and squadron were federalized on 1 October 1961. From Tulsa, the 125th ATS augmented MATS airlift capability worldwide in support of the Air Force’s needs. It returned again to Oklahoma state control on 31 August 1962. Throughout the 1960s, the 125th flew long-distance transport missions in support of Air Force requirements, frequently sending aircraft to the Caribbean, Europe, Australia, Hawaii, Japan, the Philippines, and during theVietnam War, to both South Vietnam, Okinawa and Thailand. The C-97s were retired in 1968 and the unit was transferred toMilitary Airlift Command (MAC), being re-equipped withC-124C Globemaster II heavy transports. The Group continued to fly long-distance intercontinental airlift flights until the Globemasters were retired at the end of 1972.
With the retirement of the Globemasters, the 138th was transferred toTactical Air Command on 25 January 1973, with the 125th Tactical Fighter Squadron being re-equipped with veteranF-100D/F Super Sabre tactical fighter bombers that were returning from theVietnam War. The Super Sabre was dedicated fighter-bomber, with no concession being made to a secondary air-superiority role and the squadron trained in using the fighter for ground support. Beginning in 1975, the 125th began aNATO commitment, with squadron aircraft and personnel deploying to theUnited States Air Forces in Europe (USAFE) for Autumn Forge/Cold Fire/Reforger exercises.
In 1978, the F-100s were being retired, and they were replaced withA-7D Corsair II subsonic tactical close air support aircraft from the23d Tactical Fighter Wing,England AFB, Louisiana along with the354th Tactical Fighter Wing,Myrtle Beach AFB, South Carolina which were converting to theA-10 Thunderbolt II. The aircraft had excellent accuracy with the aid of an automatic electronic navigation and weapons delivery system. Although designed primarily as a ground attack aircraft, it also had limited air-to-air combat capability. In 1980, the 125th received the new twin-seat A-7K trainer and also received the Low Altitude Night Attack modification to the A-7D.
Early in the 1990s with the declared end of theCold War and the continued decline in military budgets, the Air Force restructured to meet changes in strategic requirements, decreasing personnel, and a smaller infrastructure. The 138th adopted the new USAF "Objective Organization" in early 1992, with the word "tactical" being eliminated from its designation and becoming the 138th Fighter Group. Tactical Air Command was inactivated on 1 June, being replaced by the newAir Combat Command (ACC).
The 125th Fighter Squadron flew A-7D's until 1993 when it began to receiveBlock 42 F-16C/D Fighting Falcons, replacing the venerable A-7D in the attack roles. Most of these aircraft came from the51st Fighter Wing,Osan Air Base, South Korea and the20th Fighter Wing,Shaw AFB, South Carolina, which units' were trading in Block 42 for more advanced F-16s. The 125th, although an Air National Guard unit, which were mostly tasked with air defense of US mainland, was tasked with a conventional attack mission. This was already the case in the A-7D and even in the F-100 era. The squadron was one of the first Air National Guard units to be equipped with theLow Altitude Navigation and Targeting Infrared for Night, or LANTIRN system to be able to illuminate their own ground targets. At the time of conversion this unit was one of the most advanced within the Air National Guard.
In mid-1996, the Air Force, in response to budget cuts, and changing world situations, began experimenting with Air Expeditionary organizations. The Air Expeditionary Force (AEF) concept was developed that would mix Active-Duty, Reserve and Air National Guard elements into a combined force. Instead of entire permanent units deploying as "Provisional" as in the 1991 Gulf War, Expeditionary units are composed of "aviation packages" from several wings, including active-duty Air Force, the Air Force Reserve Command and the Air National Guard, would be married together to carry out the assigned deployment rotation.
In October 1996, the125th Expeditionary Fighter Squadron (125 EFS) was first formed from 138th FW personnel and aircraft and deployed toIncirlik Air Base, Turkey, to join with other active-duty and national guard squadrons as part ofOperation Northern Watch. This mission was part of a multi-unit Air National Guard "rainbow" deployment involving the Air National Guard block 42 F-16 squadrons. Each squadron provided eight aircraft to a total of 24 aircraft deployed. The 125th EFS returned to Tulsa and was inactivated on 7 January 1997. Further Northern Watch activations of the 125th EFS and subsequent deployments to Incirlik AB occurred in the spring of 1998 and fall of 2001.
The 125th Expeditionary Fighter Squadron has also been deployed toAl Jaber Air Base, Kuwait forOperation Southern Watch in 2001, and toBalad Air Base, Iraq in 2007 and 2008 as part ofOperation Iraqi Freedom. In 2011, the 125th EFS deployed to Al Assad Iraq for the final time, when more than 200 members deployed there to provide air support to the final drawdown of U.S. and coalition forces, being able to respond quickly to any needs troops in combat may have as they left the country.
Between July and August 2024, six F-16s from the 125th FS deployed toŁask Air Base, Poland, as part of the52nd Operations Group Det 1 Aviation Detachment Rotation.[1][2]
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This article incorporatespublic domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency
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