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1237

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Calendar year
Years
Millennium
2nd millennium
Centuries
Decades
Years
1237 by topic
Leaders
Birth and death categories
Births –Deaths
Establishments and disestablishments categories
Establishments –Disestablishments
Art and literature
1237 in poetry
1237 in variouscalendars
Gregorian calendar1237
MCCXXXVII
Ab urbe condita1990
Armenian calendar686
ԹՎ ՈՁԶ
Assyrian calendar5987
Balinese saka calendar1158–1159
Bengali calendar643–644
Berber calendar2187
English Regnal year21 Hen. 3 – 22 Hen. 3
Buddhist calendar1781
Burmese calendar599
Byzantine calendar6745–6746
Chinese calendar丙申年 (Fire Monkey)
3934 or 3727
    — to —
丁酉年 (Fire Rooster)
3935 or 3728
Coptic calendar953–954
Discordian calendar2403
Ethiopian calendar1229–1230
Hebrew calendar4997–4998
Hindu calendars
 -Vikram Samvat1293–1294
 -Shaka Samvat1158–1159
 -Kali Yuga4337–4338
Holocene calendar11237
Igbo calendar237–238
Iranian calendar615–616
Islamic calendar634–635
Japanese calendarKatei 3
(嘉禎３年)
Javanese calendar1146–1147
Julian calendar1237
MCCXXXVII
Korean calendar3570
Minguo calendar675 beforeROC
民前675年
Nanakshahi calendar−231
Thai solar calendar1779–1780
Tibetan calendarམེ་ཕོ་སྤྲེ་ལོ་
(male Fire-Monkey)
1363 or 982 or 210
    — to —
མེ་མོ་བྱ་ལོ་
(female Fire-Bird)
1364 or 983 or 211
TheMongols at the walls ofVladimir.

Year1237 (MCCXXXVII) was acommon year starting on Thursday of theJulian calendar.

Events

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By place

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Europe

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England

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Mongol Empire

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  • Autumn –Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus': The Mongol army commanded byBatu Khan andSubutai, invades thePrincipality of Ryazan (with representatives of all fourkhanates leading some 100,000 Mongol,Turks andPersian forces intoEurope). In December, Batu Khan sends envoys to the Rus' court of Grand PrinceYuri Igorevich and demands the submission of the capitalRyazan.
  • Battle of Voronezh River: Grand PrinceYuri II of Vladimir supported by border princes ofRyazan,Murom, andPronsk gathers his forces and make a stand on theVoronezh River, waiting for reinforcements fromVladimir. The Mongols under Batu Khan overrun the Rus' forces, who are scattered. Yuri retreats to Ryazan, while some troops withdraw toKolomna and join the army ofVladimir-Suzdal.
  • December 16–21 –Siege of Ryazan: The Mongols under Batu Khan lay siege to Ryazan. The townspeople repel the first Mongol attacks but after 5 days the city walls are breached by Chinese catapults. OnDecember 21, the Mongols storm the walls and plunder the capital, killing Yuri Igorevich and all inhabitants. Yuri II of Vladimir stands by and does nothing to intervene while Ryazan burns.
  • December –Siege of Kolomna: Rus' forces under Yuri II of Vladimir are besieged and annihilated at Kolomna by the Mongols. Yuri barely escapes toYaroslavl. The defenceless capital of Vladimir is taken after just 2 days. Yuri's wife Agatha (sister ofMichael of Chernigov) and all his family die in Vladimir when a church where they have sought refuge from the fire collapses.

Levant

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  • Spring –Al-Ashraf Musa, Ayyubid ruler ofDamascus, assembles his allies and secures his active support ofKayqubad I, Sejuk ruler of theSultanate of Rum. A civil war seems inevitable when Kayqubad is poisoned during a feast atKayseri, onMay 31.[4] Meanwhile, the Seljuks strengthen the fortresses in the eastern provinces against the Mongols.
  • August 27 – Al-Ashraf becomes dangerously ill and dies after an 8-year reign. He is succeeded by his brotherAs-Salih Ismail – who defends Damascus against his elder brotherAl-Kamil, Ayyubid ruler ofEgypt. In October, Ismail has the suburbs burnt to prevent the Egyptian forces from shelter.[5]

By topic

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Cities and Towns

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InEngland the central tower ofLincoln Cathedral collapses.

Births

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Deaths

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References

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  1. ^John Larner (1980).Italy in the Age of Dante and Petrarch, 1216-1380. Longman. p. 31.ISBN 978-0-582-48366-8.
  2. ^Coss, Peter R.; Coss, P. R.; Lloyd, Simon D. (1988).Thirteenth Century England II: Proceedings of the Newcastle Upon Tyne Conference 1987. Boydell & Brewer. p. 83.ISBN 9780851155135.
  3. ^Hywel Williams (2005).Cassell's Chronology of World History, p. 139.ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
  4. ^Steven Runciman (1952).A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre, p. 176.ISBN 978-0-241-29877-0.
  5. ^Burns, Ross (2005).Damascus: A History, p. 186. Routledge.ISBN 978-0-415-27105-9.
  6. ^Kate Norgate; A. D. Carr (2004). "Joan [Siwan]".Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford: Oxford University Press.doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/14819.
  7. ^George Edward Cokayne (1913).The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom: Canonteign to Cutts. St. Catherine Press, Limited. p. 169.
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