2025–2027 meeting of U.S. legislature
119th Congress House member pin The119th United States Congress is the current term of thelegislative branch of the United States federal government , composed of theUnited States Senate and theUnited States House of Representatives . It convened on January 3, 2025, during the last weeks ofJoe Biden's presidency and the first two years ofDonald Trump's second presidency .
Following the2024 elections , theRepublican Party retained its slim majority in the House though the party lost 2 seats in the election and thus ended up with a 5 seat majority instead of its previous 7 seat majority. The Republican Party also won a three seat majority in the Senate after winning 4 seats in the 2024 elections. With Trump'ssecond inauguration on January 20, 2025, the Republican Party has an overall federalgovernment trifecta for the first time since the115th Congress (2017–2019), which was in session during Trump'sfirst term .[ 1]
The 119th Congress features the slimmest majority in the House for any party since the72nd Congress (1931–1933), and the first openlytransgender member of Congress in history (RepresentativeSarah McBride ofDelaware ).[ 2] [ 3] Seventeenth Amendment which established the direct election of U.S. Senators.[ 4] [ a]
In the2024 elections , theRepublican Party retained control of theHouse of Representatives and gained control of theSenate , while Republican nomineeDonald Trump won thepresidential election , securing a second non-consecutive term.[ 5] Mexico–United States border crisis .[ 6] [ 7] [ 8] [ 9]
The Senate flipped to a 53–47 Republican majority, and in theirleadership elections ,John Thune was elected to succeed Mitch McConnell, who had been in power for 18 years.[ 10] [ 11]
The House assumed a 220–215 Republican majority, the narrowest controlling majority in House history with the65th Congress .[ 12] Mike Johnson wasre-elected as speaker on the first ballot after initially not receiving enough votes on the roll call, with the vote remaining open until enough members changed votes to support him.[ 13]
On January 6, a joint session convened tocount the presidential Electoral College votes . The proceedings were peaceful, four years after theJanuary 6 Capitol attack , in which supporters of Trump entered the Capitol and disruptedJoe Biden 's certification as president. In response to the attack and Trump'sefforts to overturn the 2020 election , Congress has passedrevisions to the Electoral Count Act that prevent the vice president from altering the results.[ 14]
Donald Trump takes theoath of office as the 47thpresident of the United States PresidentDonald Trump addressing Congress, with Vice PresidentJD Vance and House SpeakerMike Johnson . January 3, 2025, 12 p.m.EST : Congress convenes. Members-elect of theUnited States Senate and theUnited States House of Representatives are sworn in.Mike Johnson (R) wasre-elected as speaker on the first ballot after initially not receiving enough votes on the roll call, withRalph Norman andKeith Self changing their votes to support him.[ 15] January 6, 2025: A joint session tocount the presidential Electoral College votes was held, four years after theJanuary 6 Capitol attack , in which supporters of Trump entered the Capitol and disruptedJoe Biden 's certification as president. January 9, 2025: Thefuneral of former president Jimmy Carter takes place. January 20, 2025: Thesecond inauguration of Donald Trump takes place.[ 16] January 24, 2025: Vice PresidentJD Vance cast thetie-breaking vote to confirmPete Hegseth asSecretary of Defense . This was the second time in United States history that a cabinet confirmation was tied in the Senate and required a tie-breaking vote. March 4, 2025:President Trump addresses a joint session of Congress . March 5, 2025: RepresentativeSylvester Turner (D) ofTexas dies.[ 17] [ 18] March 6, 2025: The House votes 224–198 (2 present) to censure RepresentativeAl Green (D) of Texas for speaking out of turn at President Donald Trump's address to a joint session of Congress.[ 19] March 13, 2025: RepresentativeRaúl Grijalva (D) ofArizona dies.[ 20] President Trump signing theLaken Riley Act into law on January 29, 2025 [ edit ] H.R. 23 : Illegitimate Court Counteraction Act(passed House, Senatecloture motion failed) H.R. 28 : Protection of Women and Girls in Sports Act(passed House, Senate cloture motion failed) Resignations and new members are discussed in the"Changes in membership" section : Senate party summary [ edit ] House party summary [ edit ] House membership March 13, 2025 – present
Begin (January 3, 2025 – January 20, 2025)
January 20, 2025 – March 5, 2025
March 5, 2025 – March 13, 2025
Note: Democrats refer to themselves as a "caucus"; Republicans refer to themselves as a "conference".
Senate presiding officers [ edit ] [ edit ] [ edit ] House presiding officer [ edit ] [ edit ] [ edit ] The numbers refer to theirSenate classes . All class 1 seats were contested in theNovember 2024 elections . In this Congress, class 1 means their term commenced in the current Congress, requiringre-election in 2030 ; class 2 means their term ends with this Congress, requiringre-election in 2026 ; and class 3 means their term began in the last Congress, requiringre-election in 2028 .
All seats were filled byelection in November 2024 .
Changes in membership [ edit ] Senate membership changes [ edit ] House membership changes [ edit ] House changes District Vacated by Reason for change Successor Date of successor's formal installation[ p] Florida 1 Vacant Matt Gaetz (R) resigned November 13, 2024, before the beginning of this Congress, and declined to take office after being re-elected.[ 47] special election will be held on April 1, 2025.Florida 6 Michael Waltz Incumbent resigned on January 20, 2025, to becomeNational Security Advisor .[ 48] [ 26] special election will be held on April 1, 2025. Texas 18 Sylvester Turner Incumbent died March 5, 2025.[ 17] [ 49] special election will be held on a date TBD. Arizona 7 Raúl Grijalva Incumbent died March 13, 2025. Aspecial election will be held on September 23, 2025.
Officers Organizations Senate senior staff [ edit ] Officers Officials Officers Officials Organizations ^ Wisconsin, Pennsylvania and Maine all have senators from different parties. Vermont also has a split delegation, however Bernie Sanders caucuses with the Democratic Party. ^ All self-identified independents caucus with the Democrats. ^ InWest Virginia : Senator-electJim Justice (R) delayed taking his seat until January 14, 2025, to finish his term asGovernor of West Virginia .[ 21] ^a b InOhio :JD Vance (R) resigned on January 10, 2025, in anticipation of becomingVice President of the United States .[ 22] Mike DeWine appointed Lieutenant GovernorJon Husted to fill his seat on January 21, 2025.[ 23] ^a b InWest Virginia : SenatorJim Justice (R) took office on January 14, 2025, after finishing his term asGovernor of West Virginia . ^a b c InFlorida : SenatorMarco Rubio (R) resigned from the Senate on January 20, 2025, after the Senate confirmed him asSecretary of State . His chosen successor, Florida Attorney GeneralAshley Moody , was sworn in to fill his seat on January 21, 2025.[ 24] ^a b InFlorida's 1st district Matt Gaetz (R) resigned during the previous Congress after winning re-election and chose not to take office in the 119th Congress. Aspecial election will be held on April 1, 2025.[ 25] ^a b InFlorida's 6th district Michael Waltz (R) resigned on January 20, 2025, to becomeUnited States National Security Advisor . Aspecial election will be held on April 1, 2025.[ 26] ^a b InTexas's 18th district Sylvester Turner (D) died on March 5, 2025. ^a b InArizona's 7th district Raúl Grijalva (D) died on March 13, 2025. ^ Includes aPopular Democratic Party member who is also affiliated as a Democrat. ^a b c d e f TheMinnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party (DFL) is the Minnesota affiliate of theU.S. Democratic Party and its members are considered Democrats. ^ InOhio :JD Vance (R) resigned on January 10, 2025, in anticipation of becomingVice President of the United States .[ 22] Jon Husted was sworn in to fill his seat on January 21, 2025. ^ In December 2024, Spartz announced she would not join caucus meetings of theHouse Republican Conference . She remains a member of the Republican Party.[ 39] ^ Puerto Rico's non-voting member, theResident Commissioner , is elected every four years. This is the only member of the House to serve four-year terms. ^a b When seated or oath administered, not necessarily when service began. ^ The Joint Taxation Committee leadership rotate the chair and vice chair and the ranking members between the House and Senate at the start of each session in the middle of the congressional term. The first session leadership is shown here. ^ "Balance of Power in the U.S. House and Senate" .Bloomberg Government . February 10, 2025. RetrievedFebruary 21, 2025 .^ Skelley, Geoffrey."Republicans start 2025 with the smallest House majority since 1931" .ABC News.com . RetrievedJanuary 9, 2025 . ^ "Delaware's Sarah McBride prepares to become first openly transgender member of Congress, hoping for grace - CBS Philadelphia" .www.cbsnews.com . January 2, 2025. RetrievedJanuary 3, 2025 .^ Ostermeier, Dr Eric (November 19, 2024)."119th Congress Smashes Record Low for Number of Split US Senate Delegations" .Smart Politics . RetrievedMarch 13, 2025 . ^ "Presidential Election Results: Trump Wins" .The New York Times . RetrievedJanuary 4, 2025 .^ Tankersley, Jim (January 4, 2025)."Democrats Got the Recovery They Wanted. It Wasn't Enough" .The New York Times . RetrievedJanuary 4, 2025 . ^ Stein, Jeff; Bhattarai, Abha; Gowen, Annie (November 6, 2024)."Voter anger over economy boosts Trump in 2024, baffling Democrats" .The Washington Post . RetrievedJanuary 4, 2025 . ^ Jordan, Miriam (November 6, 2024)."Voters Were Fed Up Over Immigration. They Voted for Trump" .The New York Times . RetrievedJanuary 4, 2025 . ^ Ensign, Rachel; Wolfe, Rachel; Lahart, Justin (November 6, 2024)."How Trump Won the Economy-Is-Everything Election" .The Wall Street Journal . RetrievedJanuary 4, 2025 . ^ Everett, Burgess (January 5, 2025)."Mitch McConnell announces his exit as Senate GOP leader" .Politico . RetrievedJanuary 5, 2025 . ^ Goodwin, Liz; Wells, Dylan; LeVine, Marianne (November 13, 2024)."Senate Republicans choose John Thune to replace Mitch McConnell as majority leader" .The Washington Post . RetrievedJanuary 5, 2025 . ^ Edmondson, Catie (December 4, 2024)."Mike Johnson's Newest Headache: The Smallest House Majority in History" .The New York Times . RetrievedJanuary 5, 2024 . ^ Edmondson, Catie (January 3, 2025)."Johnson Re-elected as Speaker After Putting Down G.O.P. Revolt" .The New York Times . RetrievedJanuary 6, 2025 . ^ Peterson, Kristina; Stech Ferek, Katy; Martinez, Xavier (January 6, 2025)."Congress Certifies Trump's Election Win" .The Wall Street Journal . RetrievedJanuary 6, 2025 . ^ Edmondson, Catie (January 3, 2025)."Johnson Re-elected as Speaker After Putting Down G.O.P. Revolt" .The New York Times . RetrievedJanuary 6, 2025 . ^ Galston, William A.; Kamarck, Elaine."Trump's second inaugural address: Immigration, culture, and conflict" .Brookings . RetrievedJanuary 24, 2025 . ^a b Scherer, Jasper (March 5, 2025)."Congressman and former Houston Mayor Sylvester Turner dies" .The Texas Tribune . RetrievedMarch 5, 2025 . ^ Lozano, Juan A. (March 5, 2025)."US Rep. and former Houston mayor Sylvester Turner dies at 70" .AP News . RetrievedMarch 5, 2025 . ^ Stracqualursi, Veronica; Ferris, Sarah; Grayer, Annie (March 6, 2025)."10 Democrats join with Republicans to censure Rep. Al Green for Trump speech protest" .CNN . RetrievedMarch 6, 2025 . ^ Foran, Clare (March 13, 2025)."Democratic Rep. Raúl Grijalva dies at 77 after battle with cancer" .CNN . RetrievedMarch 13, 2025 . ^ Altimari, Daniela (December 27, 2024)."Jim Justice to Delay Senate Swearing-In to Avert Knotty Succession in West Virginia" .Roll Call . RetrievedJanuary 9, 2025 . ^a b Maher, Kit (January 9, 2025)."Vance Resigning Senate Seat Effective at Midnight" .CNN . RetrievedJanuary 9, 2025 . ^ "Jon Husted sworn in as Ohio's newest senator" .spectrumnews1.com . RetrievedFebruary 17, 2025 .^ Perry, Mitch (January 21, 2025)."Ashley Moody sworn in as U.S. senator, while Marco Rubio takes over at State • Florida Phoenix" .Florida Phoenix . RetrievedFebruary 17, 2025 . ^ Shabad, Rebecca (November 22, 2024)."Matt Gaetz Says He Doesn't Plan to Rejoin Congress after Withdrawing as Trump's Pick for Attorney General" .NBC News .Archived from the original on November 22, 2024. RetrievedNovember 12, 2024 . ^a b Brooks, Emily (November 25, 2024)."Mike Waltz to Resign from House Day of Inauguration to Join Trump Administration" .The Hill Archived from the original on November 26, 2024. RetrievedNovember 26, 2024 . ^ Bennett, John T.; Fulton, Jacob; McIntire, Mary Ellen."Thune elected to replace McConnell as next Senate GOP leader" .Roll Call .Archived from the original on November 19, 2024. RetrievedNovember 13, 2024 . ^ Kight, Stef W. (January 13, 2025)."Thune Picks His Senate Inner Circle" .Axios . RetrievedJanuary 29, 2025 . ^ Carney, Jordain (January 15, 2025)."Scott to Lead Senate Conservative Group" . RetrievedJanuary 15, 2025 . ^a b "Barrasso Announces Deputy Whip Team" . Sen.John Barrasso . January 7, 2025. RetrievedJanuary 16, 2025 .^ King, Ryan (December 3, 2024)."Chuck Schumer unanimously reelected Senate Dem leader" . RetrievedDecember 3, 2024 . ^ "Schumer reelected as Senate Democratic leader" .POLITICO . December 3, 2024. RetrievedDecember 3, 2024 .^ Perano, Ursula (January 6, 2025)."Gillibrand to Chair Senate Democrats' Campaign Arm for 2026 Cycle" .Politico . RetrievedJanuary 15, 2025 . ^ "Democratic Steering & Policy Committee" .Democratic Steering & Policy Committee . RetrievedJanuary 5, 2025 .^ "Democratic Strategic Communications Committee" .Democratic Strategic Communications Committee . RetrievedJanuary 5, 2025 .^a b "Durbin Announces Senate Democratic Whip Operations For 119th Congress" .Dick Durbin United States Senator Illinois Newsroom . December 4, 2024. RetrievedDecember 9, 2024 .^ Fulton, Jacob; Altimari, Daniela; Bennett, John T.; McIntire, Mary Ellen."House GOP nominates Johnson for speaker, taps McClain for conference chair" .Roll Call .Archived from the original on November 20, 2024. RetrievedNovember 13, 2024 . ^ McIntire, Mary Ellen; Fulton, Jacob; Altimari, Daniela."House Democrats hold low-fuss leadership elections" .Roll Call .Archived from the original on November 21, 2024. RetrievedNovember 19, 2024 . ^ Kelly, Niki (December 17, 2024)."Spartz to boycott committees, GOP caucus" .indianacapitalchronicle.com . ^ Carney, Jordain (December 26, 2024)."Justice's Senate plan" .Politico . RetrievedDecember 30, 2024 . ^ "JD Vance elected Vice President" .CNN . November 6, 2024.Archived from the original on November 6, 2024. RetrievedNovember 6, 2024 .^ Maher, Kit (January 9, 2025)."Vance resigning Senate seat effective at midnight" .CNN . RetrievedJanuary 9, 2025 . ^ "Replacing Vance in Senate will be DeWine's decision" .The Review .Archived from the original on November 27, 2024. RetrievedNovember 18, 2024 .^a b Weaver, Al."Senate GOP reaches full 53-seat majority as Husted, Moody sworn in" .The Hill . RetrievedJanuary 23, 2025 . ^ Crowley, Michael (January 20, 2025)."Marco Rubio Is Confirmed by Senate as Secretary of State" .The New York Times .ISSN 0362-4331 . RetrievedJanuary 21, 2025 . ^ "DeSantis aims to appoint Marco Rubio's Senate replacement by early January" . APnews. November 18, 2024.Archived from the original on November 19, 2024. RetrievedNovember 18, 2024 .^ McIntire, Mary Ellen (November 22, 2024)."Matt Gaetz says he won't return to Congress next year" .Roll Call .Archived from the original on November 23, 2024. RetrievedNovember 23, 2024 . ^ Faguy, Ana (November 11, 2024)."Trump taps Michael Waltz as next US national security adviser" .BBC News . BBC. RetrievedNovember 11, 2024 . ^ "Sylvester Turner, former Houston mayor and Congressman for District 18, dead at 70" .KTRK-TV ABC13 Eyewitness News . March 5, 2025. RetrievedMarch 5, 2025 .
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