2023–2025 meeting of U.S. legislature
118th Congress House member pin from both the 1st and 2nd session The118th United States Congress was a meeting of thelegislative branch of theUnited States federal government , composed of theUnited States Senate and theUnited States House of Representatives . It convened inWashington, D.C. , on January 3, 2023, and ended on January 3, 2025, during the final two years ofJoe Biden's presidency .
In the2022 midterm elections , theRepublican Party won control of the House 222–213, taking the majority for the first time since the115th Congress , while theDemocratic Party gained one seat in the Senate, where they already had effective control, and giving them a 51–49-seat majority (with a caucus of 48 Democrats and three independents).[ b] With Republicans winning the House, the 118th Congress ended the federalgovernment trifecta Democrats held in the117th .[ 1]
This congress also featured the first femaleSenate president pro tempore (Patty Murray ), the first Black party leader (Hakeem Jeffries ) in congressional history, and the longest-serving Senate party leaders (Mitch McConnell andDick Durbin ).[ c] The Senate had the highest number ofIndependent members in a single Congress since the ratification of the17th Amendment afterJoe Manchin left the Democratic Party to become an Independent.[ 2]
The 118th Congress was characterized as a uniquely ineffectual Congress, with its most notable events pointing towards political dysfunction.[ 3] The intensegridlock , particularly in the Republican-controlled House, where the Republican Conference's majority was often undercut by internal disputes among its members,[ 4] resulted in it passing the lowest number of laws for the first year of session since theRichard Nixon administration , and possibly ever.[ 5] By August 2024, the Congress has passed only 78 laws, less than a third of the next lowest laws per Congress in the112th Congress , which also featured a Republican House opposing the Democratic Senate and White House.[ 6] This resulted in the need for a legislative coalition to pass key legislation allowing the minority to exercise powers usually reserved for the majority. The fractious session demotivated many veteran legislators, with five committee chairs among the dozens declaring resignations before the end of the session, three of whom were eligible to reprise their positions if the Republican Party retained their majority for 2025.[ 7] A higher-than-average number of retiring lawmakers were those attempting to pass bipartisan and collaborative legislation.[ 8] Two complete discharge petitions were filed in late 2024, both Republican-led with majority Democratic support, demonstrating a trend towards bucking leadership and lack of party discipline;[ 9] such a gambit was last successful in 2015 to support theExport–Import Bank . The second of these, a bill to remove certain Social Security restrictions, was subject to an unusual legislative procedure when a chair pro forma called forth a motion to table on a bill while the chamber was empty, flouting House convention and agreements.[ 10]
The Congress began with a multi-ballotelection for Speaker of the House , which had not happened since the68th Congress in 1923.Kevin McCarthy was eventually elected speaker on the 15th ballot. After relying on bipartisan votes to get out of adebt ceiling crisis andgovernment shutdown threats , McCarthy became the first speaker to ever beremoved from the role during a legislative session on October 3, 2023.[ 11] Following three failed attempts by various representatives to fill the post, on October 25,Mike Johnson waselected as speaker . Johnson would advance four more bipartisan continuing resolutions from November into March to avoid shutdowns.[ 12] [ 13] Congress finalized the2024 United States federal budget on March 23, 2024, through two separateminibus packages.[ 14] Following a contentious foreign-aid vote, a motion to remove Johnson from the speakership was defeated in a bipartisan vote.[ 15]
Partisan disciplinary actions also increased. With the expulsion of New York representativeGeorge Santos from the House in December 2023 over the opposition of the speaker, this was the first congress since the107th in which a member wasexpelled , and the first ever in which a Republican was. There was also an increase ofcensures passed in the House,[ 16] being the first congress with multiple censures since the1983 congressional page sex scandal and the most in one year since 1870. In December 2023, House Republicans authorized animpeachment inquiry into Joe Biden ,[ 17] followed by theimpeachment of Alejandro Mayorkas in February 2024, the first time a cabinet secretary has been the target of impeachment proceedings sinceWilliam W. Belknap in 1876, and only the second such cabinet impeachment in history.[ 18] [ 19] The charges were dismissed by the Senate, the first time the Senate dismissed impeachment articles without trial after the reading.[ 20]
President Biden during his2023 State of the Union Address with Vice PresidentKamala Harris and House SpeakerKevin McCarthy President Biden during his2024 State of the Union Address with Vice President Harris and House SpeakerMike Johnson Japanese Prime MinisterFumio Kishida addressing a joint session of Congress with Vice President Harris and House Speaker Mike Johnson Wikinews has related news:
Israeli Prime MinisterBenjamin Netanyahu addresses a joint session of Congress with House Speaker Mike Johnson and SenatorBen Cardin January 3, 2023, 12 p.m.EST : Congress convenes. Members-elect of theUnited States Senate are sworn in, but members-elect of theUnited States House of Representatives cannot be sworn as the House adjourns for the day without electing a speaker.[ 21] January 3–7, 2023:The election for the House speakership takes 15 ballots.Kevin McCarthy is ultimately elected as speaker, but only after 6 representatives-elect vote "present ", lowering the threshold to be elected from 218 to 215.[ 22] February 2, 2023: House votes 218–211 to remove RepresentativeIlhan Omar of Minnesota from the Committee on Foreign Affairs for her comments about Israel and concerns over her objectivity.[ 23] February 7, 2023:President Joe Biden delivers the2023 State of the Union Address . April 27, 2023: South Korean presidentYoon Suk Yeol addresses ajoint session of Congress . June 3, 2023: The2023 debt-ceiling crisis ends with theFiscal Responsibility Act of 2023 . June 21, 2023: House votes 213–209 to censure RepresentativeAdam Schiff of California for his actions during the congressional investigation ofRussian interference in the 2016 presidential election and thefirst impeachment of Donald Trump .[ 24] June 22, 2023: Indian prime ministerNarendra Modi addresses ajoint session of Congress . July 12, 2023:Kamala Harris casts her31st tie-breaking vote asVice President , tying the record set byJohn C. Calhoun , to invokecloture onKalpana Kotagal 's nomination to theEqual Employment Opportunity Commission .[ 25] September 12, 2023: House opens animpeachment inquiry into Joe Biden . September 29, 2023: SenatorDianne Feinstein of California dies.[ 26] October 3, 2023: House votes 216–210 toremove Kevin McCarthy from the position ofSpeaker of the House through a motion to vacate the chair byMatt Gaetz of Florida.[ 27] Patrick McHenry becomes Speakerpro tempore . October 17–25, 2023:October 2023 Speaker election October 19, 2023: President Biden gives a primetime oval office address, calling for a new aid package forIsrael andUkraine , amid the ongoingRussian invasion of Ukraine and theIsrael–Hamas war .[ 28] October 25, 2023:Mike Johnson is elected Speaker of the House of Representatives.[ 29] November 7, 2023: House votes 234–188 to censure RepresentativeRashida Tlaib of Michigan for her comments condemningIsrael in the midst of theIsrael–Hamas war .[ 30] December 1, 2023: Over the opposition of the Speaker, the House votes 311–114–2 toexpel RepresentativeGeorge Santos of New York following aUnited States House Committee on Ethics report that unanimously found substantial evidence Santos violated federal criminal law.[ 31] [ 32] December 5, 2023: Kamala Harris casts her32nd and 33rd tie-breaking votes , surpassing the record set byJohn C. Calhoun , to invoke cloture and then confirm the nomination ofLoren AliKhan to serve as a judge on theUnited States District Court for the District of Columbia .[ 33] December 7, 2023: House votes 214–191 to censure RepresentativeJamaal Bowman of New York for pulling a fire alarm in the Capitol in September.[ 34] February 6, 2024: Members of the House vote on whether to impeachSecretary of Homeland Security Alejandro Mayorkas , but the vote to do so fails by 214–216.[ 35] February 13, 2024: House votes again toimpeach Secretary of Homeland Security Alejandro Mayorkas, succeeding 214–213.[ 19] February 28, 2024: SenatorMitch McConnell announces he will step down as Republican Senate Leader at the end of the 118th Congress, in January 2025.[ 36] March 7, 2024: President Biden delivers the2024 State of the Union Address . April 11, 2024: Japanese Prime MinisterFumio Kishida addresses ajoint session of Congress .[ 37] April 16–17, 2024: Two articles of impeachment against Secretary of Homeland Security Alejandro Mayorkas are delivered and read in the Senate, withvotes on the following day to dismiss both articles without a full trial, 51–48 and 51–49.[ 38] April 24, 2024: RepresentativeDonald Payne Jr. of New Jersey dies.[ 39] May 8, 2024: House votes 359–43 to table a resolution removing Mike Johnson from the position of Speaker of the House with 11 Republicans opposed.[ 40] May 31, 2024: SenatorJoe Manchin of West Virginia leaves the Democratic Party and registers as an Independent.[ 41] June 12, 2024: House votes 216–207 to holdAttorney General Merrick Garland in criminal contempt of Congress for his refusal to comply with theHouse Oversight Committee's request to turn over audiotapes ofBiden regarding hisclassified document incident .[ 42] July 16, 2024: SenatorBob Menendez of New Jersey is found guilty of conspiracy by a public official to act as a foreign agent. He later announced he would resign on August 20.[ 43] July 19, 2024: RepresentativeSheila Jackson Lee ofTexas dies.[ 44] July 24, 2024: Israeli prime ministerBenjamin Netanyahu addresses ajoint session of Congress .[ 45] August 21, 2024: RepresentativeBill Pascrell ofNew Jersey dies.[ 46] November 5, 2024:2024 United States elections were held. Former PresidentDonald Trump was elected the 47thpresident of the United States andJD Vance was elected the 50thvice president of the United States , whileRepublicans regained control of the Senate and retained control of the House of Representatives. November 13, 2024: Senate Republicans electJohn Thune as the new Senate Republican leader that will begin with the next Congress.[ 47] November 13, 2024: RepresentativeMatt Gaetz resigns after being nominated by President-elect Trump forUnited States attorney general .[ 48] December 29, 2024: Former PresidentJimmy Carter dies at 100 years old.[ 49] January 3, 2025: 118th Congress ends. March 20, 2023:COVID-19 Origin Act of 2023 ,S. 619 June 3, 2023:Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023 ,H.R. 3746 September 30, 2023:Continuing Appropriations Act, 2024 and Other Extensions Act ,H.R. 5860 November 17, 2023:Further Continuing Appropriations and Other Extensions Act, 2024 ,H.R. 6363 December 22, 2023:National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 ,H.R. 2670 January 19, 2024: Further Additional Continuing Appropriations and Other Extensions Act, 2024,H.R. 2872 February 9, 2024: Moving Americans Privacy Protection Act, 2024,H.R. 1568 March 1, 2024: Extension of Continuing Appropriations and Other Matters Act, 2024,H.R. 7463 March 9, 2024:Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024 ,H.R. 4366 March 23, 2024: Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024,H.R. 2882 April 20, 2024: Reforming Intelligence and Securing America Act,H.R. 7888 April 24, 2024:National Security Act, 2024 (including supplemental aid to Ukraine and Israel, and the divestment-or-ban of TikTok),H.R. 815 April 24, 2024: Migratory Birds of the Americas Conservation Enhancements Act of 2023,H.R. 4389 May 13, 2024:Prohibiting Russian Uranium Imports Act , 2024,H.R. 1042 May 16, 2024: FAA Reauthorization Act, 2024,H.R. 3935 July 9, 2024:ADVANCE Act , 2024,S. 870 July 12, 2024: Maternal and Child Health Stillbirth Prevention Act of 2024,H.R. 4581 December 21, 2024: American Relief Act, 2025,H.R. 10545 December 23, 2024: To amend title 36, United States Code, to designate the bald eagle as the national bird,S. 4610 December 23, 2024:National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025 ,H.R. 5009 December 23, 2024: No CORRUPTION Act,S. 932 December 23, 2024: Stop Institutional Child Abuse Act,S. 1351 January 2, 2025: Senator Elizabeth Dole 21st Century Veterans Healthcare and Benefits Improvement Act,S. 141 January 5, 2025:Social Security Fairness Act of 2023 ,H.R. 82 Proposed (but not enacted)[ edit ] House bills H.R. 1 : Lower Energy Costs Act(passed House on March 30, 2023, but not yet sent to the Senate) H.R. 2 : Secure the Border Act of 2023(passed House, pending before the Senate as of May 11, 2023) H.R. 5 : Parents Bill of Rights Act(passed House, pending before the Senate as of March 27, 2023) H.R. 7 : No Taxpayer Funding for Abortion and Abortion Insurance Full Disclosure Act of 2023 (House committee consideration as of January 9, 2023 )H.R. 11 :Freedom to Vote Act H.R. 12 :Women's Health Protection Act of 2023 H.R. 14 :John R. Lewis Voting Rights Advancement Act of 2023 H.R. 15 :Equality Act H.R. 16 :American Dream and Promise Act of 2023 H.R. 17 :Paycheck Fairness Act H.R. 20 :Richard L. Trumka Protecting the Right to Organize Act of 2023 H.R. 21 : Strategic Production Response Act(passed House, pending before the Senate as of January 30, 2023) H.R. 22 : Protecting America's Strategic Petroleum Reserve from China Act(passed House, pending before the Senate as of January 25, 2023) H.R. 23 :Family and Small Business Taxpayer Protection Act (passed House, pending before the Senate as of January 25, 2023) H.R. 25 :FairTax Act of 2023 (House committee consideration as of January 9, 2023 )H.R. 26 :Born-Alive Abortion Survivors Protection Act (passed House, pending before the Senate as of January 25, 2023) H.R. 40 :Commission to Study and Develop Reparation Proposals for African-Americans Act H.R. 51 :Washington, D.C., Admission Act (House committee consideration as of January 9, 2023 )H.R. 82 :Social Security Fairness Act of 2023 (passed House, pending before the Senate as of November 19, 2024 )H.R. 277 : Regulations from the Executive in Need of Scrutiny Act(passed House, pending before the Senate as of June 20, 2023) H.R. 734 : Protection of Women and Girls in Sports Act of 2023(passed House, pending before the Senate as of April 25, 2023) H.R. 1124 :Federal Death Penalty Abolition Act H.R. 1279 :Sunshine Protection Act of 2023 H.R. 1282 : "The Major Richard Star Act" To amend title 10, United States Code, to expand eligibility to certain military retirees for concurrent receipt of veterans' disability compensation and retired pay or combat-related special compensation, and for other purposes(placed on Union Calendar No. 117) H.R. 2663 :Workplace Violence Prevention for Health Care and Social Service Workers Act H.R. 2757 :Puerto Rico Status Act H.R. 2811 : Limit, Save, Grow Act of 2023(partially incorporated intoFiscal Responsibility Act of 2023 ) H.R. 2891 :SAFE Banking Act of 2023 H.R. 2953 :FAIR Act of 2023 H.R. 3194 :U.S. Citizenship Act of 2023 H.R. 3421 :Medicare for All Act H.R. 3481 :FAMILY Act H.R. 4319 :Farm Workforce Modernization Act of 2023 H.R. 4889 :Raise the Wage Act of 2023 H.R. 5601 :MORE Act of 2023 H.R. 7024 :Tax Relief for American Families and Workers Act of 2024 (passed House, Senate rejected cloture motion on August 1, 2024) H.R. 7521 :Protecting Americans from Foreign Adversary Controlled Applications Act (incorporated intoNational Security Act, 2024 ) Senate bills H.J.Res. 27 : Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Department of Defense and the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Revised Definition of 'Waters of the United States'".H.J.Res. 30 : Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Labor relating to "Prudence and Loyalty in Selecting Plan Investments and Exercising Shareholder Rights".H.J.Res. 39 : Disapproving the rule submitted by the Department of Commerce relating to "Procedures Covering Suspension of Liquidation, Duties and Estimated Duties in Accord With Presidential Proclamation 10414".H.J.Res. 42 : Disapproving the action of theDistrict of Columbia Council in approving the Comprehensive Policing and Justice Reform Amendment Act of 2022.H.J.Res. 45 : Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Education relating to "Waivers and Modifications of Federal Student Loans".H.J.Res. 98 : Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the National Labor Relations Board relating to "Standard for Determining Joint Employer Status".H.J.Res. 109 : Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Securities and Exchange Commission relating to "Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 121".S.J.Res. 11 : Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Control of Air Pollution From New Motor Vehicles: Heavy-Duty Engine and Vehicle Standards".S.J.Res. 32 : Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection relating to "Small Business Lending Under the Equal Credit Opportunity Act (Regulation B)".S.J.Res. 38 : Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Federal Highway Administration relating to "Waiver of Buy America Requirements for Electric Vehicle Chargers".Resignations and new members are discussed in the"Changes in membership" section : Number of members of Congress by age, 118th Congress Senate membership Final (September 9, 2024 – January 3, 2025)
Begin (January 3, 2023 – January 8, 2023)
January 8, 2023 – January 23, 2023
January 23, 2023 – September 29, 2023
September 29, 2023 – October 3, 2023
October 3, 2023 – May 31, 2024
May 31, 2024 – August 20, 2024
August 20, 2024 – September 9, 2024
House of Representatives [ edit ] House membership Final (December 31, 2024 – January 3, 2025)
Begin (January 3, 2023 – March 7, 2023)
March 7, 2023 – May 31, 2023
May 31, 2023 – September 15, 2023
September 15, 2023 – November 13, 2023
November 13, 2023 – November 28, 2023
November 28, 2023 – December 1, 2023
December 1, 2023 – December 31, 2023
December 31, 2023 – January 21, 2024
January 21, 2024 – February 2, 2024
February 2, 2024 – February 28, 2024
February 28, 2024 – March 22, 2024
March 22, 2024 – April 20, 2024
April 20, 2024 – April 24, 2024
April 24, 2024 – May 6, 2024
May 6, 2024 – June 3, 2024
June 3, 2024 – June 25, 2024
June 25, 2024 – July 8, 2024
July 8, 2024 – July 19, 2024
July 19, 2024 – August 21, 2024
August 21, 2024 – September 23, 2024
September 23, 2024 – November 12, 2024
November 12, 2024 – November 13, 2024
November 13, 2024 – December 8, 2024
December 8, 2024 – December 14, 2024
December 14, 2024 – December 31, 2024
Overview of House membership by party Party(shading shows control)
Total Vacant Democratic Republican End ofprevious Congress 216 213 429 6 Begin (January 3, 2023)[ j] 212 222 434 1 March 7, 2023[ j] 213 435 0 May 31, 2023[ k] 212 434 1 September 15, 2023[ l] 221 433 2 November 13, 2023[ k] 213 434 1 November 28, 2023[ l] 222 435 0 December 1, 2023[ m] 221 434 1 December 31, 2023[ n] 220 433 2 January 21, 2024[ o] 219 432 3 February 2, 2024[ p] 212 431 4 February 28, 2024[ m] 213 432 3 March 22, 2024[ q] 218 431 4 April 20, 2024[ r] 217 430 5 April 24, 2024[ s] 212 429 6 May 6, 2024[ p] 213 430 5 June 3, 2024[ n] 218 431 4 June 25, 2024[ o] 219 432 3 July 8, 2024[ q] 220 433 2 July 19, 2024[ t] 212 432 3 August 21, 2024[ u] 211 431 4 September 23, 2024[ s] 212 432 3 November 12, 2024[ t] [ r] 213 221 434 1 November 13, 2024[ v] 220 433 2 December 8, 2024[ w] [ x] 211 431 4 December 14, 2024[ y] 219 430 5 December 31, 2024 [ z] 210 429 6 Last voting share 48.95% 51.05%Non-voting members 3 2[ aa] 5 1 Beginning of thenext Congress 215 219 434 1
Note: Democrats refer to themselves as a "caucus"; Republicans refer to themselves as a "conference".
Majority (Democratic)[ edit ] Minority (Republican)[ edit ] House of Representatives [ edit ] Patrick McHenry (R),
from October 3 to October 25, 2023 (as Speaker pro tempore)
Majority (Republican)[ edit ] Minority (Democratic)[ edit ] The numbers refer to theirSenate classes . All class 3 seats were contested in theNovember 2022 elections . In this Congress, class 3 means their term commenced in 2023, requiringre-election in 2028 ; class 1 means their term ends with this Congress, requiringre-election in 2024 ; and class 2 means their term began in the last Congress, requiringre-election in 2026 .
▌ 2.Tommy Tuberville (R)▌ 3.Katie Britt (R)▌ 2.Dan Sullivan (R)▌ 3.Lisa Murkowski (R)▌ 1.Kyrsten Sinema (I)[ e] ▌ 3.Mark Kelly (D)▌ 2.Tom Cotton (R)▌ 3.John Boozman (R)▌ 1.Dianne Feinstein (D)(until September 29, 2023)[ g] ▌ Laphonza Butler (D)(October 3, 2023 – December 8, 2024)[ g] ▌ Adam Schiff (D)(from December 9, 2024) ▌ 3.Alex Padilla (D)▌ 2.John Hickenlooper (D)▌ 3.Michael Bennet (D)▌ 1.Chris Murphy (D)▌ 3.Richard Blumenthal (D)▌ 1.Tom Carper (D)▌ 2.Chris Coons (D)▌ 1.Rick Scott (R)▌ 3.Marco Rubio (R)▌ 2.Jon Ossoff (D)▌ 3.Raphael Warnock (D)▌ 1.Mazie Hirono (D)▌ 3.Brian Schatz (D)▌ 2.Jim Risch (R)▌ 3.Mike Crapo (R)▌ 2.Dick Durbin (D)▌ 3.Tammy Duckworth (D)▌ 1.Mike Braun (R)▌ 3.Todd Young (R)▌ 2.Joni Ernst (R)▌ 3.Chuck Grassley (R)▌ 2.Roger Marshall (R)▌ 3.Jerry Moran (R)▌ 2.Mitch McConnell (R)▌ 3.Rand Paul (R)▌ 2.Bill Cassidy (R)▌ 3.John Kennedy (R)▌ 1.Angus King (I)▌ 2.Susan Collins (R)▌ 1.Ben Cardin (D)▌ 3.Chris Van Hollen (D)▌ 1.Elizabeth Warren (D)▌ 2.Ed Markey (D)▌ 1.Debbie Stabenow (D)▌ 2.Gary Peters (D)▌ 1.Amy Klobuchar (DFL)[ ac] ▌ 2.Tina Smith (DFL)[ ac] ▌ 1.Roger Wicker (R)▌ 2.Cindy Hyde-Smith (R)▌ 1.Josh Hawley (R)▌ 3.Eric Schmitt (R)▌ 1.Jon Tester (D)▌ 2.Steve Daines (R)▌ 1.Deb Fischer (R)▌ 2.Ben Sasse (R)(until January 8, 2023) [ f] ▌ Pete Ricketts (R)(from January 23, 2023) [ f] ▌ 1.Jacky Rosen (D)▌ 3.Catherine Cortez Masto (D)▌ 2.Jeanne Shaheen (D)▌ 3.Maggie Hassan (D)▌ 1.Bob Menendez (D)(until August 20, 2024) [ i] ▌ George Helmy (D)(September 9, 2024 – December 8, 2024) [ i] [ 68] ▌ Andy Kim (D)(from December 9, 2024) ▌ 2.Cory Booker (D)▌ 1.Martin Heinrich (D)▌ 2.Ben Ray Luján (D)▌ 1.Kirsten Gillibrand (D)▌ 3.Chuck Schumer (D)▌ 2.Thom Tillis (R)▌ 3.Ted Budd (R)▌ 1.Kevin Cramer (R)▌ 3.John Hoeven (R)▌ 1.Sherrod Brown (D)▌ 3.JD Vance (R)▌ 2.Markwayne Mullin (R)▌ 3.James Lankford (R)▌ 2.Jeff Merkley (D)▌ 3.Ron Wyden (D)▌ 1.Bob Casey Jr. (D)▌ 3.John Fetterman (D)▌ 1.Sheldon Whitehouse (D)▌ 2.Jack Reed (D)▌ 2.Lindsey Graham (R)▌ 3.Tim Scott (R)▌ 2.Mike Rounds (R)▌ 3.John Thune (R)▌ 1.Marsha Blackburn (R)▌ 2.Bill Hagerty (R)▌ 1.Ted Cruz (R)▌ 2.John Cornyn (R)▌ 1.Mitt Romney (R)▌ 3.Mike Lee (R)▌ 1.Bernie Sanders (I)▌ 3.Peter Welch (D)▌ 1.Tim Kaine (D)▌ 2.Mark Warner (D)▌ 1.Maria Cantwell (D)▌ 3.Patty Murray (D)▌ ▌ 1.Joe Manchin (D until May 31, 2024, then I)[ h] ▌ 2.Shelley Moore Capito (R)▌ 1.Tammy Baldwin (D)▌ 3.Ron Johnson (R)▌ 1.John Barrasso (R)▌ 2.Cynthia Lummis (R)(21 states) (2 states) (4 states) (1 state) (22 states) Senate majority leadership
Senate minority leadership
House of Representatives [ edit ] All 435 seats were filled byelection in November 2022 . Additionally,six non-voting members were elected from theAmerican territories andWashington, D.C. [ ad]
The numbers refer to thecongressional district of the given state in this Congress. Eight new congressional districts were created or re-created, while eight others were eliminated, as a result of the2020 United States census .[ ae] [ af]
▌ 1 .Jerry Carl (R)▌ 2 .Barry Moore (R)▌ 3 .Mike Rogers (R)▌ 4 .Robert Aderholt (R)▌ 5 .Dale Strong (R)▌ 6 .Gary Palmer (R)▌ 7 .Terri Sewell (D)▌ At-large .Mary Peltola (D)▌ 1 .David Schweikert (R)▌ 2 .Eli Crane (R)▌ 3 .Ruben Gallego (D)▌ 4 .Greg Stanton (D)▌ 5 .Andy Biggs (R)▌ 6 .Juan Ciscomani (R)▌ 7 .Raúl Grijalva (D)▌ 8 .Debbie Lesko (R)▌ 9 .Paul Gosar (R)▌ 1 .Rick Crawford (R)▌ 2 .French Hill (R)▌ 3 .Steve Womack (R)▌ 4 .Bruce Westerman (R)▌ 1 .Doug LaMalfa (R)▌ 2 .Jared Huffman (D)▌ 3 .Kevin Kiley (R)▌ 4 .Mike Thompson (D)▌ 5 .Tom McClintock (R)▌ 6 .Ami Bera (D)▌ 7 .Doris Matsui (D)▌ 8 .John Garamendi (D)▌ 9 .Josh Harder (D)▌ 10 .Mark DeSaulnier (D)▌ 11 .Nancy Pelosi (D)▌ 12 .Barbara Lee (D)▌ 13 .John Duarte (R)▌ 14 .Eric Swalwell (D)▌ 15 .Kevin Mullin (D)▌ 16 .Anna Eshoo (D)▌ 17 .Ro Khanna (D)▌ 18 .Zoe Lofgren (D)▌ 19 .Jimmy Panetta (D)▌ 20 .Kevin McCarthy (R)(until December 31, 2023) [ n] ▌ Vince Fong (R)(from June 3, 2024) [ n] ▌ 21 .Jim Costa (D)▌ 22 .David Valadao (R)▌ 23 .Jay Obernolte (R)▌ 24 .Salud Carbajal (D)▌ 25 .Raul Ruiz (D)▌ 26 .Julia Brownley (D)▌ 27 .Mike Garcia (R)▌ 28 .Judy Chu (D)▌ 29 .Tony Cárdenas (D)▌ 30 .Adam Schiff (D)(until December 8, 2024) [ w] ▌ Vacant ▌ 31 .Grace Napolitano (D)▌ 32 .Brad Sherman (D)▌ 33 .Pete Aguilar (D)▌ 34 .Jimmy Gomez (D)▌ 35 .Norma Torres (D)▌ 36 .Ted Lieu (D)▌ 37 .Sydney Kamlager-Dove (D)▌ 38 .Linda Sánchez (D)▌ 39 .Mark Takano (D)▌ 40 .Young Kim (R)▌ 41 .Ken Calvert (R)▌ 42 .Robert Garcia (D)▌ 43 .Maxine Waters (D)▌ 44 .Nanette Barragán (D)▌ 45 .Michelle Steel (R)▌ 46 .Lou Correa (D)▌ 47 .Katie Porter (D)▌ 48 .Darrell Issa (R)▌ 49 .Mike Levin (D)▌ 50 .Scott Peters (D)▌ 51 .Sara Jacobs (D)▌ 52 .Juan Vargas (D)▌ 1 .Diana DeGette (D)▌ 2 .Joe Neguse (D)▌ 3 .Lauren Boebert (R)▌ 4 .Ken Buck (R)(until March 22, 2024) [ q] ▌ Greg Lopez (R)(from July 8, 2024) [ q] ▌ 5 .Doug Lamborn (R)▌ 6 .Jason Crow (D)▌ 7 .Brittany Pettersen (D)▌ 8 .Yadira Caraveo (D)▌ 1 .John B. Larson (D)▌ 2 .Joe Courtney (D)▌ 3 .Rosa DeLauro (D)▌ 4 .Jim Himes (D)▌ 5 .Jahana Hayes (D)▌ At-large .Lisa Blunt Rochester (D)▌ 1 .Matt Gaetz (R)(until November 13, 2024) [ v] ▌ Vacant ▌ 2 .Neal Dunn (R)▌ 3 .Kat Cammack (R)▌ 4 .Aaron Bean (R)▌ 5 .John Rutherford (R)▌ 6 .Michael Waltz (R)▌ 7 .Cory Mills (R)▌ 8 .Bill Posey (R)▌ 9 .Darren Soto (D)▌ 10 .Maxwell Frost (D)▌ 11 .Daniel Webster (R)▌ 12 .Gus Bilirakis (R)▌ 13 .Anna Paulina Luna (R)▌ 14 .Kathy Castor (D)▌ 15 .Laurel Lee (R)▌ 16 .Vern Buchanan (R)▌ 17 .Greg Steube (R)▌ 18 .Scott Franklin (R)▌ 19 .Byron Donalds (R)▌ 20 .Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick (D)▌ 21 .Brian Mast (R)▌ 22 .Lois Frankel (D)▌ 23 .Jared Moskowitz (D)▌ 24 .Frederica Wilson (D)▌ 25 .Debbie Wasserman Schultz (D)▌ 26 .Mario Díaz-Balart (R)▌ 27 .María Elvira Salazar (R)▌ 28 .Carlos A. Giménez (R)▌ 1 .Buddy Carter (R)▌ 2 .Sanford Bishop (D)▌ 3 .Drew Ferguson (R)▌ 4 .Hank Johnson (D)▌ 5 .Nikema Williams (D)▌ 6 .Rich McCormick (R)▌ 7 .Lucy McBath (D)▌ 8 .Austin Scott (R)▌ 9 .Andrew Clyde (R)▌ 10 .Mike Collins (R)▌ 11 .Barry Loudermilk (R)▌ 12 .Rick Allen (R)▌ 13 .David Scott (D)▌ 14 .Marjorie Taylor Greene (R)▌ 1 .Ed Case (D)▌ 2 .Jill Tokuda (D)▌ 1 .Russ Fulcher (R)▌ 2 .Mike Simpson (R)▌ 1 .Jonathan Jackson (D)▌ 2 .Robin Kelly (D)▌ 3 .Delia Ramirez (D)▌ 4 .Chuy García (D)▌ 5 .Mike Quigley (D)▌ 6 .Sean Casten (D)▌ 7 .Danny Davis (D)▌ 8 .Raja Krishnamoorthi (D)▌ 9 .Jan Schakowsky (D)▌ 10 .Brad Schneider (D)▌ 11 .Bill Foster (D)▌ 12 .Mike Bost (R)▌ 13 .Nikki Budzinski (D)▌ 14 .Lauren Underwood (D)▌ 15 .Mary Miller (R)▌ 16 .Darin LaHood (R)▌ 17 .Eric Sorensen (D)▌ 1 .Frank J. Mrvan (D)▌ 2 .Rudy Yakym (R)▌ 3 .Jim Banks (R)▌ 4 .Jim Baird (R)▌ 5 .Victoria Spartz (R)▌ 6 .Greg Pence (R)▌ 7 .André Carson (D)▌ 8 .Larry Bucshon (R)▌ 9 .Erin Houchin (R)▌ 1 .Mariannette Miller-Meeks (R)▌ 2 .Ashley Hinson (R)▌ 3 .Zach Nunn (R)▌ 4 .Randy Feenstra (R)▌ 1 .Tracey Mann (R)▌ 2 .Jake LaTurner (R)▌ 3 .Sharice Davids (D)▌ 4 .Ron Estes (R)▌ 1 .James Comer (R)▌ 2 .Brett Guthrie (R)▌ 3 .Morgan McGarvey (D)▌ 4 .Thomas Massie (R)▌ 5 .Hal Rogers (R)▌ 6 .Andy Barr (R)▌ 1 .Steve Scalise (R)▌ 2 .Troy Carter (D)▌ 3 .Clay Higgins (R)▌ 4 .Mike Johnson (R)▌ 5 .Julia Letlow (R)▌ 6 .Garret Graves (R)▌ 1 .Chellie Pingree (D)▌ 2 .Jared Golden (D)▌ 1 .Andy Harris (R)▌ 2 .Dutch Ruppersberger (D)▌ 3 .John Sarbanes (D)▌ 4 .Glenn Ivey (D)▌ 5 .Steny Hoyer (D)▌ 6 .David Trone (D)▌ 7 .Kweisi Mfume (D)▌ 8 .Jamie Raskin (D)▌ 1 .Richard Neal (D)▌ 2 .Jim McGovern (D)▌ 3 .Lori Trahan (D)▌ 4 .Jake Auchincloss (D)▌ 5 .Katherine Clark (D)▌ 6 .Seth Moulton (D)▌ 7 .Ayanna Pressley (D)▌ 8 .Stephen Lynch (D)▌ 9 .Bill Keating (D)▌ 1 .Jack Bergman (R)▌ 2 .John Moolenaar (R)▌ 3 .Hillary Scholten (D)▌ 4 .Bill Huizenga (R)▌ 5 .Tim Walberg (R)▌ 6 .Debbie Dingell (D)▌ 7 .Elissa Slotkin (D)▌ 8 .Dan Kildee (D)▌ 9 .Lisa McClain (R)▌ 10 .John James (R)▌ 11 .Haley Stevens (D)▌ 12 .Rashida Tlaib (D)▌ 13 .Shri Thanedar (D)▌ 1 .Brad Finstad (R)▌ 2 .Angie Craig (DFL)[ ac] ▌ 3 .Dean Phillips (DFL)[ ac] ▌ 4 .Betty McCollum (DFL)[ ac] ▌ 5 .Ilhan Omar (DFL)[ ac] ▌ 6 .Tom Emmer (R)▌ 7 .Michelle Fischbach (R)▌ 8 .Pete Stauber (R)▌ 1 .Trent Kelly (R)▌ 2 .Bennie Thompson (D)▌ 3 .Michael Guest (R)▌ 4 .Mike Ezell (R)▌ 1 .Cori Bush (D)▌ 2 .Ann Wagner (R)▌ 3 .Blaine Luetkemeyer (R)▌ 4 .Mark Alford (R)▌ 5 .Emanuel Cleaver (D)▌ 6 .Sam Graves (R)▌ 7 .Eric Burlison (R)▌ 8 .Jason Smith (R)▌ 1 .Ryan Zinke (R)▌ 2 .Matt Rosendale (R)▌ 1 .Mike Flood (R)▌ 2 .Don Bacon (R)▌ 3 .Adrian Smith (R)▌ 1 .Dina Titus (D)▌ 2 .Mark Amodei (R)▌ 3 .Susie Lee (D)▌ 4 .Steven Horsford (D)▌ 1 .Chris Pappas (D)▌ 2 .Annie Kuster (D)▌ 1 .Donald Norcross (D)▌ 2 .Jeff Van Drew (R)▌ 3 .Andy Kim (D)(until December 8, 2024) [ x] ▌ Vacant ▌ 4 .Chris Smith (R)▌ 5 .Josh Gottheimer (D)▌ 6 .Frank Pallone (D)▌ 7 .Thomas Kean Jr. (R)▌ 8 .Rob Menendez (D)▌ 9 .Bill Pascrell (D)(until August 21, 2024) [ u] ▌ Vacant ▌ 10 .Donald Payne Jr. (D)(until April 24, 2024) [ s] ▌ LaMonica McIver (D)(from September 23, 2024) [ s] ▌ 11 .Mikie Sherrill (D)▌ 12 .Bonnie Watson Coleman (D)▌ 1 .Melanie Stansbury (D)▌ 2 .Gabe Vasquez (D)▌ 3 .Teresa Leger Fernandez (D)▌ 1 .Nick LaLota (R)▌ 2 .Andrew Garbarino (R)▌ 3 .George Santos (R)(until December 1, 2023) [ m] ▌ Tom Suozzi (D)(from February 28, 2024) [ m] ▌ 4 .Anthony D'Esposito (R)▌ 5 .Gregory Meeks (D)▌ 6 .Grace Meng (D)▌ 7 .Nydia Velázquez (D)▌ 8 .Hakeem Jeffries (D)▌ 9 .Yvette Clarke (D)▌ 10 .Dan Goldman (D)▌ 11 .Nicole Malliotakis (R)▌ 12 .Jerry Nadler (D)▌ 13 .Adriano Espaillat (D)▌ 14 .Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (D)▌ 15 .Ritchie Torres (D)▌ 16 .Jamaal Bowman (D)▌ 17 .Mike Lawler (R)▌ 18 .Pat Ryan (D)▌ 19 .Marc Molinaro (R)▌ 20 .Paul Tonko (D)▌ 21 .Elise Stefanik (R)▌ 22 .Brandon Williams (R)▌ 23 .Nick Langworthy (R)▌ 24 .Claudia Tenney (R)▌ 25 .Joseph Morelle (D)▌ 26 .Brian Higgins (D)(until February 2, 2024) [ p] ▌ Tim Kennedy (D)(from May 6, 2024) [ p] ▌ 1 .Don Davis (D)▌ 2 .Deborah Ross (D)▌ 3 .Greg Murphy (R)▌ 4 .Valerie Foushee (D)▌ 5 .Virginia Foxx (R)▌ 6 .Kathy Manning (D)▌ 7 .David Rouzer (R)▌ 8 .Dan Bishop (R)▌ 9 .Richard Hudson (R)▌ 10 .Patrick McHenry (R)▌ 11 .Chuck Edwards (R)▌ 12 .Alma Adams (D)▌ 13 .Wiley Nickel (D)▌ 14 .Jeff Jackson (D)(until December 31, 2024)[ z] ▌ Vacant ▌ At-large .Kelly Armstrong (R)(until December 14, 2024) [ y] ▌ Vacant ▌ 1 .Greg Landsman (D)▌ 2 .Brad Wenstrup (R)▌ 3 .Joyce Beatty (D)▌ 4 .Jim Jordan (R)▌ 5 .Bob Latta (R)▌ 6 .Bill Johnson (R)(until January 21, 2024) [ o] ▌ Michael Rulli (R)(from June 25, 2024) [ o] ▌ 7 .Max Miller (R)▌ 8 .Warren Davidson (R)▌ 9 .Marcy Kaptur (D)▌ 10 .Mike Turner (R)▌ 11 .Shontel Brown (D)▌ 12 .Troy Balderson (R)▌ 13 .Emilia Sykes (D)▌ 14 .David Joyce (R)▌ 15 .Mike Carey (R)▌ 1 .Kevin Hern (R)▌ 2 .Josh Brecheen (R)▌ 3 .Frank Lucas (R)▌ 4 .Tom Cole (R)▌ 5 .Stephanie Bice (R)▌ 1 .Suzanne Bonamici (D)▌ 2 .Cliff Bentz (R)▌ 3 .Earl Blumenauer (D)▌ 4 .Val Hoyle (D)▌ 5 .Lori Chavez-DeRemer (R)▌ 6 .Andrea Salinas (D)▌ 1 .Brian Fitzpatrick (R)▌ 2 .Brendan Boyle (D)▌ 3 .Dwight Evans (D)▌ 4 .Madeleine Dean (D)▌ 5 .Mary Gay Scanlon (D)▌ 6 .Chrissy Houlahan (D)▌ 7 .Susan Wild (D)▌ 8 .Matt Cartwright (D)▌ 9 .Dan Meuser (R)▌ 10 .Scott Perry (R)▌ 11 .Lloyd Smucker (R)▌ 12 .Summer Lee (D)▌ 13 .John Joyce (R)▌ 14 .Guy Reschenthaler (R)▌ 15 .Glenn Thompson (R)▌ 16 .Mike Kelly (R)▌ 17 .Chris Deluzio (D)▌ 1 .David Cicilline (D)(until May 31, 2023) [ k] ▌ Gabe Amo (D)(from November 13, 2023) [ k] ▌ 2 .Seth Magaziner (D)▌ 1 .Nancy Mace (R)▌ 2 .Joe Wilson (R)▌ 3 .Jeff Duncan (R)▌ 4 .William Timmons (R)▌ 5 .Ralph Norman (R)▌ 6 .Jim Clyburn (D)▌ 7 .Russell Fry (R)▌ At-large .Dusty Johnson (R)▌ 1 .Diana Harshbarger (R)▌ 2 .Tim Burchett (R)▌ 3 .Chuck Fleischmann (R)▌ 4 .Scott DesJarlais (R)▌ 5 .Andy Ogles (R)▌ 6 .John Rose (R)▌ 7 .Mark Green (R)▌ 8 .David Kustoff (R)▌ 9 .Steve Cohen (D)▌ 1 .Nathaniel Moran (R)▌ 2 .Dan Crenshaw (R)▌ 3 .Keith Self (R)▌ 4 .Pat Fallon (R)▌ 5 .Lance Gooden (R)▌ 6 .Jake Ellzey (R)▌ 7 .Lizzie Fletcher (D)▌ 8 .Morgan Luttrell (R)▌ 9 .Al Green (D)▌ 10 .Michael McCaul (R)▌ 11 .August Pfluger (R)▌ 12 .Kay Granger (R)▌ 13 .Ronny Jackson (R)▌ 14 .Randy Weber (R)▌ 15 .Monica De La Cruz (R)▌ 16 .Veronica Escobar (D)▌ 17 .Pete Sessions (R)▌ 18 .Sheila Jackson Lee (D)(until July 19, 2024) [ t] ▌ Erica Lee Carter (D)(from November 12, 2024) [ t] ▌ 19 .Jodey Arrington (R)▌ 20 .Joaquin Castro (D)▌ 21 .Chip Roy (R)▌ 22 .Troy Nehls (R)▌ 23 .Tony Gonzales (R)▌ 24 .Beth Van Duyne (R)▌ 25 .Roger Williams (R)▌ 26 .Michael C. Burgess (R)▌ 27 .Michael Cloud (R)▌ 28 .Henry Cuellar (D)▌ 29 .Sylvia Garcia (D)▌ 30 .Jasmine Crockett (D)▌ 31 .John Carter (R)▌ 32 .Colin Allred (D)▌ 33 .Marc Veasey (D)▌ 34 .Vicente Gonzalez (D)▌ 35 .Greg Casar (D)▌ 36 .Brian Babin (R)▌ 37 .Lloyd Doggett (D)▌ 38 .Wesley Hunt (R)▌ 1 .Blake Moore (R)▌ 2 .Chris Stewart (R)(until September 15, 2023) [ l] ▌ Celeste Maloy (R)(from November 28, 2023) [ l] ▌ 3 .John Curtis (R)▌ 4 .Burgess Owens (R)▌ At-large .Becca Balint (D)▌ 1 .Rob Wittman (R)▌ 2 .Jen Kiggans (R)▌ 3 .Bobby Scott (D)▌ 4 .Jennifer McClellan (D)(from March 7, 2023) [ j] ▌ 5 .Bob Good (R)▌ 6 .Ben Cline (R)▌ 7 .Abigail Spanberger (D)▌ 8 .Don Beyer (D)▌ 9 .Morgan Griffith (R)▌ 10 .Jennifer Wexton (D)▌ 11 .Gerry Connolly (D)▌ 1 .Suzan DelBene (D)▌ 2 .Rick Larsen (D)▌ 3 .Marie Gluesenkamp Perez (D)▌ 4 .Dan Newhouse (R)▌ 5 .Cathy McMorris Rodgers (R)▌ 6 .Derek Kilmer (D)▌ 7 .Pramila Jayapal (D)▌ 8 .Kim Schrier (D)▌ 9 .Adam Smith (D)▌ 10 .Marilyn Strickland (D)▌ 1 .Carol Miller (R)▌ 2 .Alex Mooney (R)▌ 1 .Bryan Steil (R)▌ 2 .Mark Pocan (D)▌ 3 .Derrick Van Orden (R)▌ 4 .Gwen Moore (D)▌ 5 .Scott Fitzgerald (R)▌ 6 .Glenn Grothman (R)▌ 7 .Tom Tiffany (R)▌ 8 .Mike Gallagher (R)(until April 20, 2024) [ r] ▌ Tony Wied (R)(from November 12, 2024) [ r] ▌ At-large .Harriet Hageman (R)▌ American Samoa :Amata Coleman Radewagen (R)▌ District of Columbia :Eleanor Holmes Norton (D)▌ Guam :James Moylan (R)[ 69] ▌ Northern Mariana Islands :Gregorio Sablan (D)▌ ▌ Puerto Rico .Jenniffer González-Colón (PNP/R)[ ad] (until January 2, 2025) ▌ Vacant ▌ United States Virgin Islands :Stacey Plaskett (D)House composition by district
Held by Democrats
Held by Republicans
Vacant
House seats by party holding majority in state, as of February 28, 2024.D :100% 80–99% 70–79% 60–69% 51–59% 50% R :100% 80–99% 70–79% 60–69% 51–59% 50%
House majority leadership
House minority leadership
Changes in membership [ edit ] Senate changes State (class) Vacated by Reason for change Successor Date of successor's formal installation[ ag] Nebraska (2)Ben Sasse (R)Incumbent resigned January 8, 2023, to become the president of theUniversity of Florida .[ 52] Successor was appointed January 12, 2023, to continue the term.[ 70] Appointee was laterelected to finish the term ending January 3, 2027.[ 71] Pete Ricketts (R)January 23, 2023 California (1)Dianne Feinstein (D)Incumbent died September 29, 2023.[ 53] Successor was appointed October 1, 2023, to continue the term.[ 72] Laphonza Butler (D)October 3, 2023 West Virginia (1)Joe Manchin (D)Incumbent changed party May 31, 2024.[ 41] Joe Manchin (I)N/A New Jersey (1)Bob Menendez (D)Incumbent resigned August 20, 2024, due to criminal conviction.[ 73] Successor was appointed August 23, 2024, to finish the term ending with this Congress.[ 74] George Helmy (D)September 9, 2024 New Jersey (1)George Helmy (D)Appointee resigned December 8, 2024,[ 68] to allow successor to take office early.[ 74] Successor was appointed December 8, 2024, having already beenelected to the next term. Andy Kim (D)December 9, 2024 California (1)Laphonza Butler (D)Appointee resigned December 8, 2024, to allow successor to take office early.[ 75] [ 76] Successor was appointed having already beenelected to finish the term ending with this Congress.[ 77] Adam Schiff (D)December 9, 2024
House of Representatives changes [ edit ] House changes District Vacated by Reason for change Successor Date of successor's formal installation[ ag] Virginia 4 Vacant IncumbentDonald McEachin (D) died November 28, 2022, before the beginning of this Congress. Aspecial election was held on February 21, 2023.[ 78] Jennifer McClellan (D)March 7, 2023 Rhode Island 1 David Cicilline (D)Incumbent resigned May 31, 2023, to become CEO of the Rhode Island Foundation. Aspecial election was held on November 7, 2023.[ 59] Gabe Amo (D)November 13, 2023 Utah 2 Chris Stewart (R)Incumbent resigned September 15, 2023, due to his wife's health issues. Aspecial election was held on November 21, 2023.[ 61] Celeste Maloy (R)November 28, 2023 New York 3 George Santos (R)Incumbentexpelled December 1, 2023.[ 79] Aspecial election was held on February 13, 2024. Tom Suozzi (D)February 28, 2024 California 20 Kevin McCarthy (R)Incumbent resigned December 31, 2023.[ 80] Aspecial election was held on May 21, 2024. Vince Fong (R)June 3, 2024 Ohio 6 Bill Johnson (R)Incumbent resigned January 21, 2024, to become president ofYoungstown State University .[ 81] [ 82] Aspecial election was held on June 11, 2024. Michael Rulli (R)June 25, 2024 New York 26 Brian Higgins (D)Incumbent resigned February 2, 2024, to become president ofShea's Performing Arts Center .[ 83] Aspecial election was held on April 30, 2024.[ 84] Tim Kennedy (D)May 6, 2024 Colorado 4 Ken Buck (R)Incumbent resigned March 22, 2024.[ 85] Aspecial election was held on June 25, 2024. Greg Lopez (R)July 8, 2024 Wisconsin 8 Mike Gallagher (R)Incumbent resigned April 20, 2024.[ 86] Aspecial election was held on November 5, 2024.[ 87] Tony Wied (R)November 12, 2024 New Jersey 10 Donald Payne Jr. (D)Incumbent died April 24, 2024.[ 88] Aspecial election was held on September 18, 2024. LaMonica McIver (D)September 23, 2024 Texas 18 Sheila Jackson Lee (D)Incumbent died July 19, 2024.[ 89] Aspecial election was held on November 5, 2024. Erica Lee Carter (D)November 12, 2024 New Jersey 9 Bill Pascrell (D)Incumbent died August 21, 2024.[ 90] Vacant until the next Congress Florida 1 Matt Gaetz (R)Incumbent resigned November 13, 2024, after being nominated forU.S. Attorney General , but withdrew from consideration on November 21, 2024.[ 91] New Jersey 3 Andy Kim (D)Incumbent resigned December 8, 2024,[ 68] after beingelected to the U.S. Senate and appointed to take office early.[ 92] California 30 Adam Schiff (D)Incumbent resigned December 8, 2024,[ 75] after being elected to the U.S. Senate in aspecial election .[ 93] North Dakota at-large Kelly Armstrong (R)Incumbent resigned December 14, 2024, after beingelected Governor of North Dakota .[ 94] North Carolina 14 Jeff Jackson (D)Incumbent resigned December 31, 2024, after beingelected Attorney General of North Carolina .[ 95] Puerto Rico at-large Jenniffer González-Colón (NPP/R)Incumbent resigned January 2, 2025, after beingelected Governor of Puerto Rico .
Section contents: Senate ,House ,Joint
Standing committees [ edit ] Committee Chair Ranking Member/Vice Chair Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry Debbie Stabenow (D-MI)John Boozman (R-AR)Appropriations Patty Murray (D-WA)Susan Collins (R-ME)Armed Services Jack Reed (D-RI)Roger Wicker (R-MS)Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs Sherrod Brown (D-OH)Tim Scott (R-SC)Budget Sheldon Whitehouse (D-RI)Chuck Grassley (R-IA)Commerce, Science and Transportation Maria Cantwell (D-WA)Ted Cruz (R-TX)Energy and Natural Resources Joe Manchin (I-WV)(Democrat until May 31, 2024) John Barrasso (R-WY)Environment and Public Works Tom Carper (D-DE)Shelley Moore Capito (R-WV)Finance Ron Wyden (D-OR)Mike Crapo (R-ID)Foreign Relations Bob Menendez (D-NJ)until September 22, 2023 Ben Cardin (D-MD)from September 25, 2023 Jim Risch (R-ID)Health, Education, Labor and Pensions Bernie Sanders (I-VT)Bill Cassidy (R-LA)Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Gary Peters (D-MI)Rand Paul (R-KY)Judiciary Dick Durbin (D-IL)Lindsey Graham (R-SC)Rules and Administration Amy Klobuchar (D-MN)Deb Fischer (R-NE)Small Business and Entrepreneurship Ben Cardin (D-MD)until September 25, 2023 Jeanne Shaheen (D-NH)from September 27, 2023 Joni Ernst (R-IA)Veterans' Affairs Jon Tester (D-MT)Jerry Moran (R-KS)
Select, permanent select and special committees[ edit ] House of Representatives committees [ edit ] Officers and officials [ edit ] Congressional officers [ edit ] House of Representatives officers [ edit ] ^ Removed by a vote of the House.^ On May 31, 2024,Joe Manchin , a senator fromWest Virginia , left theDemocratic Party and became anIndependent , but he has caucused with theSenate Democratic Caucus like the three other Independent members of the Senate. Thus, the number of Independent senators increased to four, and the number of Democratic Party members decreased to forty-seven. ^ McConnell has served as Senate Republican Leader since January 3, 2007, and Durbin has served as Senate Democratic Whip since January 3, 2005. ^ All four self-identified independents caucus with the Democrats. ^a b InArizona :Kyrsten Sinema left the Democratic Party to become anindependent politician on December 9, 2022. Effective January 3, 2023, Sinema did not participate in either political party caucus but kept her seniority and continued to receive committee assignments through the Democrats.[ 50] [ 51] ^a b c d InNebraska :Ben Sasse (R) resigned on January 8, 2023, to become President of theUniversity of Florida .[ 52] Pete Ricketts (R) was appointed to fill the vacancy on January 12, 2023, and took office on January 23. ^a b c d InCalifornia :Dianne Feinstein (D) died on September 29, 2023.[ 53] Laphonza Butler (D) was appointed to fill the vacancy on October 1, 2023, and took office on October 3.[ 54] ^a b InWest Virginia :Joe Manchin left the Democratic Party to become anindependent politician on May 31, 2024. He continued to caucus with the Democrats.[ 41] ^a b c d Bob Menendez resigned on August 20, 2024, due to criminal conviction.[ 56] George Helmy was appointed to fill the vacancy on August 23, 2023, and took office on September 9.^a b c InVirginia's 4th district :Donald McEachin (D) died during the previous Congress, andJennifer McClellan (D) waselected February 21, 2023. She was sworn in on March 7.[ 57] [ 58] ^a b c d InRhode Island's 1st district :David Cicilline (D) resigned on May 31, 2023, andGabe Amo (D) waselected November 7, 2023. He was sworn in on November 13, 2023.[ 59] ^a b c d InUtah's 2nd district :Chris Stewart (R) resigned on September 15, 2023, due to his wife's health issues,[ 60] [ 61] andCeleste Maloy (R) waselected November 21, 2023. She was sworn in on November 28, 2023.[ 62] ^a b c d InNew York's 3rd district :George Santos (R) was expelled on December 1, 2023.Tom Suozzi (D) waselected February 13, 2024. He was sworn in on February 28, 2024.[ 63] ^a b c d InCalifornia's 20th district :Kevin McCarthy (R) resigned on December 31, 2023.Vince Fong (R) waselected May 21, 2024. He was sworn in on June 3, 2024. ^a b c d InOhio's 6th district :Bill Johnson (R) resigned on January 21, 2024.Michael Rulli (R) waselected June 11, 2024. He was sworn in on June 25, 2024. ^a b c d InNew York's 26th district :Brian Higgins (D) resigned on February 2, 2024.Tim Kennedy (D) waselected April 30, 2024. He was sworn in on May 6, 2024. ^a b c d InColorado's 4th district :Ken Buck (R) resigned on March 22, 2024.Greg Lopez (R) waselected June 25, 2024. He was sworn in on July 8, 2024. ^a b c d InWisconsin's 8th district :Mike Gallagher (R) resigned on April 20, 2024.Tony Wied (R) waselected November 5, 2024. He was sworn in on November 12, 2024. ^a b c d InNew Jersey's 10th district :Donald Payne Jr. (D) died on April 24, 2024.LaMonica McIver (D) waselected September 18, 2024. She was sworn in on September 23, 2024. ^a b c d InTexas's 18th district :Sheila Jackson Lee (D) died on July 19, 2024.Erica Lee Carter (D) waselected November 5, 2024. She was sworn in on November 12, 2024. ^a b InNew Jersey's 9th district :Bill Pascrell (D) died on August 21, 2024. ^a b InFlorida's 1st district :Matt Gaetz (R) resigned November 13, 2024. ^a b InCalifornia's 30th district :Adam Schiff (D) resigned December 8, 2024. ^a b InNew Jersey's 3rd district :Andy Kim (D) resigned December 8, 2024. ^a b InNorth Dakota's at-large district :Kelly Armstrong (R) resigned December 14, 2024. ^a b InNorth Carolina's 14th district :Jeff Jackson (D) resigned December 31, 2024. ^ Includes aNew Progressive Party member who is also affiliated as a Republican. ^ Since 1920, the Senate Democratic leader has also concurrently served as the Democratic Caucus chairperson; this is an unwritten tradition. ^a b c d e f TheMinnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party (DFL) is the Minnesota affiliate of theU.S. Democratic Party and its members are counted as Democrats. ^a b Puerto Rico's non-voting member, theResident Commissioner , is elected every four years.Jenniffer González was lastelected in 2020. ^ The new districts created were:Colorado's 8th ;Florida's 28th ;North Carolina's 14th ;Oregon's 6th ;Texas's 37th ;Texas's 38th . The districts re-created were:Montana's 1st ;Montana's 2nd . ^ The eliminated districts were:California's 53rd ;Illinois's 18th ;Michigan's 14th ;Montana's at-large ;New York's 27th ;Ohio's 16th ;Pennsylvania's 18th ;West Virginia's 3rd . ^a b When seated or oath administered, not necessarily when service began. ^ The Joint Taxation Committee leadership rotate the chair and vice chair and the ranking members between the House and Senate at the start of each session in the middle of the congressional term. The first session leadership is shown here. ^ "Republicans win control of the House, NBC News projects, overtaking Democrats by a slim margin" .NBC News . November 16, 2022.Archived from the original on August 21, 2024. RetrievedNovember 17, 2022 .^ Winger, Richard (May 31, 2024)."Senator Joe Manchin Changes His Registration from Democratic to Independent" .Ballot Access News .Archived from the original on June 23, 2024. RetrievedJune 23, 2024 . ^ Binder, Sarah (December 26, 2023)."Why Congress's 2023 was so dismal" .Good Authority .Archived from the original on December 26, 2023. RetrievedDecember 26, 2023 . ^ Garrity, Kelly (November 15, 2023)."Why Republicans Are on the Verge of Fistfights" .Politico .Archived from the original on November 17, 2023. RetrievedNovember 17, 2023 . ^ "Capitol Hill stunner: 2023 led to fewest laws in decades" .Axios . 2023.^ Shutt, Jennifer (August 8, 2024)."Congress limps toward the end of a disappointing session, with just 78 laws to show" .Washington State Standard . RetrievedNovember 13, 2024 . ^ Wong, Scott (February 22, 2024)."Republican dysfunction drives a wave of House retirements" .NBC News .Archived from the original on March 18, 2024. RetrievedMarch 18, 2024 . ^ Haner, Joanne (October 9, 2024)."Analysis shows disproportionate departure of 'bridgers' in Congress" .The Hill . ^ Folley, Aris (September 26, 2024)."Effort to force vote on Social Security bill stirs unrest in House GOP" .The Hill . ^ "Social Security bill bottled up after election night maneuver" .Roll Call . November 5, 2024.^ "House makes history, removes McCarthy as Speaker" .The Hill . October 3, 2023.^ "President Joe Biden signs bill to avoid a partial government shutdown" .AP News . January 19, 2024.Archived from the original on August 21, 2024. RetrievedJanuary 21, 2024 .^ Yilek, Caitlin (March 1, 2024)."Biden signs short-term funding bill to avert government shutdown" .CBS News . ^ Wondra, Jan (March 23, 2024)."CONGRESS FINALLY PASSES BIPARTISAN FUNDING BILLS FOR FISCAL YEAR 2024" .Ark Valley Voice .Archived from the original on August 21, 2024. RetrievedMarch 23, 2024 . ^ Schnell, Mychael (May 8, 2024)."House blocks Greene's resolution to oust Johnson" .The Hill .Archived from the original on May 8, 2024. RetrievedMay 8, 2024 . ^ Schnell, Mychael (December 6, 2023)."GOP advances Bowman censure resolution, teeing up final vote" .The Hill .Archived from the original on January 8, 2024. RetrievedJanuary 8, 2024 . ^ "Biden impeachment inquiry authorized by House Republicans, despite lack of evidence" .Reuters . 2023.Archived from the original on December 14, 2023. RetrievedDecember 26, 2023 .^ Beitsch, Rebecca (February 6, 2024)."In stunner, House GOP bid to impeach Mayorkas fails" .The Hill .Archived from the original on February 7, 2024. RetrievedFebruary 7, 2024 . ^a b Parkinson, Josh; Peller, Lauren; Ali, Ayesha (February 13, 2024)."House Republicans impeach Homeland Security Secretary Mayorkas in historic, controversial vote" .ABC News . Archived fromthe original on February 14, 2024. RetrievedFebruary 14, 2024 . ^ Nazzaro, Miranda (April 18, 2024)."Cruz: Democrats tossed '2 centuries of precedent' by rejecting Mayorkas articles of impeachment" .The Hill .Archived from the original on April 20, 2024. RetrievedApril 20, 2024 . ^ "House Speaker Election Coverage: House adjourns after McCarthy suffers defeat on third ballot" .The Hill . January 3, 2023.Archived from the original on January 3, 2023. RetrievedJanuary 3, 2023 .^ McCartney, Allison; Parlapiano, Alicia; Wu, Ashley; Zhang, Christine; Williams, Josh; Cochrane, Emily; Murphy, John-Michael (January 6, 2023)."Vote Count: McCarthy Elected House Speaker After 15 Ballots" .The New York Times .Archived from the original on January 6, 2023. RetrievedJanuary 9, 2023 . ^ "House Republicans vote to remove Rep. Ilhan Omar from the Foreign Affairs Committee" .NPR . February 2, 2023.Archived from the original on June 12, 2023. RetrievedNovember 9, 2023 .^ "In rowdy scene, House censures Rep. Adam Schiff over Trump-Russia investigations" .Associated Press . June 21, 2023.Archived from the original on November 9, 2023. RetrievedNovember 9, 2023 .^ "Harris ties Calhoun's 191-year-old record for breaking Senate ties" .Roll Call . July 12, 2023.Archived from the original on July 18, 2023. RetrievedJuly 18, 2023 .^ "Dianne Feinstein: Senator died of natural causes Friday morning" .The San Francisco Chronicle . September 29, 2023.Archived from the original on September 29, 2023. RetrievedSeptember 29, 2023 .^ Greve, Joan E. (October 3, 2023)."Kevin McCarthy ousted as US House speaker by hard-right Republicans" .The Guardian .ISSN 0261-3077 .Archived from the original on October 3, 2023. RetrievedOctober 3, 2023 . ^ "Joe Biden, In Oval Office Primetime Address, Makes Case For Renewed Support For Israel And Ukraine: "American Leadership Is What Holds The World Together" " .Deadline Hollywood . October 19, 2023.Archived from the original on November 1, 2023. RetrievedOctober 19, 2023 .^ "House elects Mike Johnson as Speaker, ending GOP chaos" .The Hill . October 25, 2023.Archived from the original on November 4, 2023. RetrievedOctober 25, 2023 .^ Jorgensen, Sarah (November 7, 2023)."Tlaib again faces censure resolutions over Israel comments | CNN Politics" .CNN .Archived from the original on November 8, 2023. RetrievedNovember 8, 2023 . ^ Breuninger, Kevin (December 1, 2023)."Rep. George Santos expelled from Congress for corruption, cutting GOP majority" . CNBC.Archived from the original on February 14, 2024. RetrievedDecember 1, 2023 . ^ Ferek, Katy Stech; Vielkind, Jimmy (December 1, 2023)."George Santos Expelled From Congress in Tense House Vote" .The Wall Street Journal . News Corp.Archived from the original on December 1, 2023. RetrievedDecember 1, 2023 . ^ Nerozzi, Timothy H. J."Harris makes history with record-setting tie-breaking Senate vote" . Fox News.Archived from the original on December 6, 2023. RetrievedDecember 6, 2023 . ^ Amiri, Farnoush."House votes to censure Democratic Rep. Bowman for pulling a fire alarm in a Capitol office building" . Associated Press.Archived from the original on December 23, 2023. RetrievedDecember 23, 2023 . ^ "The GOP-controlled House fails to impeach the homeland security secretary. What could come next?" .AP News . February 6, 2024.Archived from the original on March 18, 2024. RetrievedFebruary 14, 2024 .^ "McConnell will step down as the Senate Republican leader in November after a record run in the job" .AP News . February 28, 2024.Archived from the original on February 28, 2024. RetrievedMarch 1, 2024 .^ "Japan's Kishida pleads with US to overcome 'self-doubt' of global role" .The Hill . April 11, 2024.Archived from the original on April 11, 2024. RetrievedApril 11, 2024 .^ "Senate rejects impeachment articles against Mayorkas, ending trial against Cabinet secretary" .Associated Press . April 16, 2024.Archived from the original on April 19, 2024. RetrievedApril 16, 2024 .^ "New Jersey congressman Donald Payne Jr. dies at 65" .The Washington Post . April 24, 2024. RetrievedApril 25, 2024 .^ Khan, Miriam; Peller, Lauren (May 8, 2024)."House quickly kills Marjorie Taylor Greene's effort to oust Speaker Johnson" .ABC News .Archived from the original on May 9, 2024. RetrievedMay 8, 2024 . ^a b c Watson, Kathryn (May 31, 2024)."Sen. Joe Manchin leaves Democratic Party, registers as an independent" .CBS News .Archived from the original on May 31, 2024. RetrievedMay 31, 2024 . ^ Luke Broadwater (June 12, 2024)."Republicans Push Through Contempt of Congress Citation Against Garland" . NYT.Archived from the original on June 12, 2024. RetrievedJune 12, 2024 . ^ Pager, Tyler; Cheeseman, Abbie; Markus, Nicole; Goodwin, Liz (July 23, 2024)."Bob Menendez to resign Senate seat after federal bribery conviction" .Washington Post .ISSN 0190-8286 .Archived from the original on July 23, 2024. RetrievedJuly 23, 2024 . ^ Langer, Emily (July 19, 2024)."Sheila Jackson Lee, outspoken Texas congresswoman, dies at 74" .The Washington Post . The Washington Post.Archived from the original on July 21, 2024. RetrievedJuly 20, 2024 . ^ KELLMAN, LAURIE (July 24, 2024)."FACT FOCUS: A look at Netanyahu's claims about Israel, Hamas and Iran during his speech to Congress" . AP.Archived from the original on August 21, 2024. RetrievedJuly 25, 2024 . ^ Hagstrom, Anders (August 21, 2024)."Democratic New Jersey Rep. Bill Pascrell Jr. dead at 87" . Fox News. ^ Nobles, Ryan (November 13, 2024)."Senate Republicans elect John Thune as their new leader, replacing Mitch McConnell" . NBC News. ^ Beavers, Olivia; Carney, Jordain (November 13, 2024)."Gaetz resigns from Congress — possibly skirting long-awaited Ethics report" .Politico . ^ "Former U.S. President Jimmy Carter Passes Away at 100" .The Carter Center . December 29, 2024. RetrievedDecember 30, 2024 .^ "Sinema leaving the Democratic Party and registering as an independent" .CNN . December 9, 2022.Archived from the original on January 16, 2023. RetrievedDecember 25, 2022 .^ 2023 Congressional Record , Vol. 169, Page S22 (January 3, 2023) ^a b Hammel, Paul (December 5, 2022)."Ben Sasse makes it official, will resign U.S. Senate seat Jan. 8" .Nebraska Examiner .Archived from the original on October 1, 2023. RetrievedDecember 6, 2022 . ^a b "Sen. Dianne Feinstein, an 'icon for women in politics,' dies at 90, source confirms" .ABC 7 News . September 29, 2023.Archived from the original on September 29, 2023. RetrievedSeptember 29, 2023 .^ Rubin, April (October 3, 2023)."California Sen. Laphonza Butler sworn in, marking historic first" .Axios .Archived from the original on October 3, 2023. RetrievedOctober 3, 2023 . ^ Adams, Steve Allen (June 1, 2024)."Longtime Democrat Joe Manchin Changes Party Affiliation to Independent" . ZWEEKENDNEWSLETTER.The Parkersburg News and Sentinel .Archived from the original on August 21, 2024. RetrievedAugust 20, 2024 . ^ Fox, Joey; Wildstein, David (July 23, 2024)."Menendez resigning from U.S. Senate on August 20" .New Jersey Globe .Archived from the original on July 23, 2024. RetrievedJuly 23, 2024 . ^ LeBlanc, Paul (November 29, 2022)."Virginia Rep. Donald McEachin dies at age 61" .cnn.com .CNN .Archived from the original on November 29, 2022. RetrievedNovember 29, 2022 . ^ "On our radar: Jennifer McClellan will be sworn in to Congress next week" .The Washington Post . March 2, 2023.Archived from the original on March 2, 2023. RetrievedMarch 3, 2023 .^a b Scola, Nancy (May 31, 2023)." 'Every Step of the Way, They Underestimated Us' " .Politico . ^ Schott, Bryan."Rep. Chris Stewart plans to resign from Congress" .The Salt Lake Tribune .Archived from the original on September 12, 2023. RetrievedMay 30, 2023 . ^a b Gehrke, Robert; Parrott, Jeff."BREAKING: Special election to replace Rep. Stewart pushes Utah's 2023 city elections back to Nov. 21" .The Salt Lake Tribune .Archived from the original on June 7, 2023. RetrievedJune 7, 2023 . ^ Betz, Bradford (June 7, 2023)."Utah Rep. Chris Stewart to step down from Congress in September" .Fox News .Archived from the original on June 7, 2023. RetrievedJune 7, 2023 . ^ Shen, Michelle (February 28, 2024)."Tom Suozzi sworn back into Congress, filling vacant Santos seat and narrowing the GOP's slim majority" .CNN .Archived from the original on February 29, 2024. RetrievedFebruary 29, 2024 . ^ Gutman, David (November 16, 2022)."Patty Murray to be first female Senate president pro tempore, third in line for presidency" .The Seattle Times . RetrievedNovember 16, 2022 . ^ Treene, Alayna; Solender, Andrew (November 16, 2022)."McConnell re-elected as Senate GOP leader" .Axios . RetrievedNovember 16, 2022 . ^ LeVine, Marianne."McConnell breaks Senate record for longest-serving leader" .Politico .Archived from the original on January 4, 2023. RetrievedJanuary 4, 2023 . ^ Mizelle, Shawna (January 4, 2023)."Hakeem Jeffries to make history as the first Black lawmaker to lead a party in Congress" .CNN .Archived from the original on January 4, 2023. RetrievedJanuary 4, 2023 . ^a b c "Helmy to resign on Dec 8" .Rollcall . RetrievedDecember 3, 2024 .^ Gilbert, Haidee Eugenio (November 8, 2022)."Moylan defeats Won Pat in delegate race" .Pacific Daily News .Archived from the original on August 21, 2024. RetrievedNovember 8, 2022 . ^ "Nebraska Gov. Jim Pillen to announce US Senator Ben Sasse's replacement on Thursday" .KETV . January 11, 2023.Archived from the original on January 11, 2023. RetrievedJanuary 11, 2023 .The appointment, which will be announced at 9 a.m., will be effective on Thursday. ^ "Nebraska Revised Statute 32-565" .nebraskalegislature.gov .Nebraska Legislature .Archived from the original on November 17, 2022. RetrievedNovember 17, 2022 .^ "Governor Gavin Newsom Appoints Laphonza Butler to Complete Senator Feinstein's Term in the U.S. Senate" .gov.ca.gov . October 2, 2023.Archived from the original on October 2, 2023. RetrievedOctober 4, 2023 .^ Fox, Joey; Wildstein, David (July 23, 2024)."Menendez resigning from U.S. Senate on August 20" .New Jersey Globe . RetrievedJuly 23, 2024 . ^a b "Governor Murphy Announces Appointment of George Samir Helmy to the United States Senate" .Office ofNew Jersey Governor Phil Murphy . August 16, 2024.Archived from the original on August 21, 2024. RetrievedAugust 16, 2024 .Helmy will serve as one of New Jersey's two United States Senators until the winner of the November General Election is certified on November 27, at which point Senator Helmy will resign and the Governor will appoint the winner of November's election to the U.S. Senate. ^a b "Schiff to be sworn in Monday as California's next U.S. senator" .The Los Angeles Times . December 3, 2024. RetrievedDecember 6, 2024 .^ Hubler, Shawn (October 19, 2023)."Laphonza Butler Will Not Run for Feinstein's Senate Seat in 2024" .The New York Times .Archived from the original on October 19, 2023. RetrievedOctober 19, 2023 . ^ Lauren, Irwin (December 9, 2024)."Newsom appoints Schiff to Senate to complete Butler term" .The Hill . RetrievedJanuary 4, 2025 . ^ Flynn, Meagan (December 12, 2022)."Youngkin announces special election to fill late Rep. McEachin's seat" .The Washington Post .Archived from the original on December 13, 2022. RetrievedDecember 12, 2022 . ^ Wong, Scott; Gregorian, Dareh; Santaliz, Kate; Stewart, Kyle (December 1, 2023)."House votes to expel indicted Rep. George Santos from Congress" .NBC News . RetrievedDecember 1, 2023 . ^ Brooks, Emily (December 19, 2023)."Kevin McCarthy submits official House resignation" .The Hill .Archived from the original on January 2, 2024. RetrievedDecember 31, 2023 . ^ "Ohio Republican to retire from House to lead Youngstown State" .thehill.com . November 21, 2023.Archived from the original on November 21, 2023. RetrievedNovember 23, 2023 .^ Skolnick, David (January 2, 2024)."Bill Johnson to resign Jan. 21 from Congress, start as YSU president the next day" .Tribune Chronicle . RetrievedJanuary 2, 2024 . ^ Joly, Aidan (November 12, 2023)."Brian Higgins announces plans to resign from Congress, set to take top Shea's job" .WIVB-TV .Archived from the original on November 12, 2023. RetrievedNovember 12, 2023 . ^ "Date set for NY-26 special election to fill Higgins' seat in Congress" .MSN . February 12, 2024.Archived from the original on August 21, 2024. RetrievedFebruary 13, 2024 .^ Foran, Clare (March 12, 2024)."GOP Rep. Ken Buck to leave Congress at end of next week" .CNN .Archived from the original on March 12, 2024. RetrievedMarch 12, 2024 . ^ Zanona, Melanie (March 22, 2024)."Rep. Mike Gallagher to leave Congress in April, giving GOP an even narrower majority" .CNN .Archived from the original on August 21, 2024. RetrievedMarch 22, 2024 . ^ Kremer, Rich (May 15, 2024)."Special elections for state Senate, US House come under special circumstances" .WPR .Archived from the original on August 21, 2024. RetrievedMay 15, 2024 . ^ Fox, Joey; Wildstein, David (April 24, 2024)."Donald Payne, Six-Term Congressman From New Jersey, Dies At 65" . New Jersey Globe.Archived from the original on April 24, 2024. RetrievedApril 24, 2024 . ^ Shen, Michelle (July 20, 2024)."Sheila Jackson Lee, long-serving Democratic congresswoman and advocate for Black Americans, dies at 74" .CNN .Archived from the original on July 20, 2024. RetrievedJuly 20, 2024 . ^ Sobko, Katie."Congressman Bill Pascrell Jr. dies at 87" .North Jersey Media Group . RetrievedAugust 21, 2024 . ^ "Gaetz resigns from Congress — possibly skirting long-awaited Ethics report" .Politico . November 13, 2024. RetrievedNovember 13, 2024 .^ "Andy Kim elected to Senate" . www.politico.com. November 5, 2024. RetrievedNovember 5, 2024 .^ "After high-profile clashes with Trump, Adam Schiff will soon have a new title: Freshman" .Los Angeles Times . November 16, 2024. RetrievedNovember 17, 2024 .^ Skurzewski, Joe (December 14, 2024)." 'Time to go home': Kelly Armstrong submits resignation from Congress" .KFYR-TV . RetrievedDecember 14, 2024 . ^ "Jeff Jackson resigns from Congress ahead of being sworn in as NC Attorney General" .WFAE . December 31, 2024.
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