10BASE5 (also known asthick Ethernet orthicknet) was the first commercially available variant ofEthernet. The technology was standardized in 1982[1] asIEEE 802.3. 10BASE5 uses a thick and stiff coaxial cable[2] up to 500 meters (1,600 ft) in length. Up to 100 stations can be connected to the cable usingvampire taps and share a singlecollision domain with 10 Mbit/s ofbandwidth shared among them. The system is difficult to install and maintain.
10BASE5 was superseded by much cheaper and more convenient alternatives: first by10BASE2 based on a thinner coaxial cable (1985), and then, onceEthernet over twisted pair was developed, by10BASE-T (1990) and its successors100BASE-TX and1000BASE-T. In 2003, the IEEE 802.3 working groupdeprecated 10BASE5 for new installations.[3]
The name10BASE5 is derived from several characteristics of the physical medium. The10 refers to its transmission speed of 10 Mbit/s. TheBASE is short forbaseband signaling (as opposed tobroadband[a]), and the5 stands for the maximum segment length of 500 meters (1,600 ft).[4]
For itsphysical layer 10BASE5 uses cable similar to RG-8/Ucoaxial cable but with extra braided shielding. This is a stiff, 0.375-inch (9.5 mm) diameter cable with an impedance of 50 ohms, a solid center conductor, a foam insulating filler, a shielding braid, and an outer jacket. The outer jacket is often yellow-to-orangefluorinated ethylene propylene (for fire resistance) so it often is called "yellow cable", "orange hose", or sometimes humorously "frozen yellow garden hose".[5] 10BASE5 coaxial cables had a maximum length of 500 meters (1,600 ft). Up to 100 nodes could be connected to a 10BASE5 segment.[6]
Transceiver nodes can be connected to cable segments withN connectors, or via avampire tap, which allows newnodes to be added while existing connections are live. A vampire tap clamps onto the cable, a hole is drilled through the outer shielding, and a spike is forced to pierce the outer three layers and contact the inner conductor while other spikes bite into the outer braided shield. Care is required to keep the outer shield from touching the spike; installation kits include a "coring tool" to drill through the outer layers and a "braid pick" to clear stray pieces of the outer shield.
Transceivers should be installed only at precise 2.5-meter intervals. This distance was chosen tonot correspond to the signal's wavelength; this ensures that the reflections from multiple taps are not in phase.[7] These suitable points are marked on the cable with black bands. The cable is required to be one continuous run; T-connections are not allowed.
As is the case with most other high-speed buses, segments must beterminated at each end. For coaxial-cable-based Ethernet, each end of the cable has a 50 ohm resistor attached. Typically this resistor is built into a male N connector and attached to the cable's end just past the last device. With termination missing, or if there is a break in the cable, the signal on the bus will be reflected, rather than dissipated when it reaches the end. This reflected signal is indistinguishable from acollision and prevents communication.
Adding new stations to the network is complicated by the need to pierce the cable accurately. The cable is stiff and difficult to bend around corners. One improper connection can take down the whole network and finding the source of the trouble is difficult.[8]
Ethernet family oflocal area network technologies | |
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