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10BASE2 (also known ascheapernet,[1]thin Ethernet,thinnet, andthinwire) is a variant ofEthernet that uses thincoaxial cable terminated withBNC connectors to build alocal area network. During the mid to late 1980s, this was the dominant10 Mbit/s Ethernet standard.
The use oftwisted pair networks competed with 10BASE2's use of a single coaxial cable. In 1988,Ethernet over twisted pair was introduced, running at the same speed of 10 Mbit/s. In 1995, theFast Ethernet standard upgraded the speed to 100 Mbit/s, and no such speed improvement was ever made for thinnet. By 2001, prices for Fast Ethernet cards had fallen to under $50. By 2003,Wi-Fi networking equipment was widely available and affordable.
Due to the immense demand for high-speed networking, the low cost ofCategory 5 cable, and the popularity of802.11 wireless networks, both 10BASE2 and10BASE5 have become increasinglyobsolete, though devices still exist in some locations.[2] As of 2011,IEEE 802.3 hasdeprecated this standard for new installations.[3]
The name10BASE2 is derived from several characteristics of the physical medium. The10 comes from the transmission speed of 10 Mbit/s. TheBASE stands forbaseband signaling, and the2 for a maximum segment length approaching 200 m (the actual maximum length is 185 m).
10 Mbit/s Ethernet usesManchester coding. A binary zero is indicated by a low-to-high transition in the middle of the bit period and a binary one is indicated by a high-to-low transition in the middle of the bit period. Manchester coding allows the clock to be recovered from the signal. However, the additional transitions associated with it double the signal bandwidth.
10BASE2 coax cables have a maximum length of 185 metres (607 ft). The maximum practical number of nodes that can be connected to a 10BASE2 segment is limited to 30[4] with a minimum distance of 0.5 metres (20 in) between devices.[5] In a 10BASE2 network, each stretch of cable is connected to thetransceiver (which is usually built into the network adaptor) using a BNCT-connector,[a] with one stretch connected to each female connector of the T. The T-connector must be plugged directly into the network adaptor with no cable in between.
As is the case with most other high-speedbuses, Ethernet segments have to beterminated with aresistor at each end. Each end of the cable has a50 Ω resistor attached. Typically this resistor is built into a maleBNC and attached to the last device on the bus. This is most commonly connected directly to the T-connector on a workstation.[b] If termination is missing, or if there is a break in the cable, theAC signal on the bus is reflected, rather than dissipated, when it reaches the end. This reflected signal is indistinguishable from a collision, so no communication can take place.
Some terminators have a metallic chain attached to them for grounding purposes. The cable should begrounded only at one end. Grounding the terminators at both may produce aground loop and can cause network outages or data corruption when swells of electricity traverse the coaxial cabling's outer shield.
When wiring a 10BASE2 network, special care has to be taken to ensure that cables are properly connected to all T-connectors. Bad contacts or shorts are especially difficult to diagnose. A failure at any point of the network cabling tends to prevent all communications. For this reason, 10BASE2 networks can be difficult to maintain and were often replaced by10BASE-T networks, which (providedcategory 5 cable or better was used) also provided a good upgrade path to100BASE-TX.
10BASE2 networks cannot generally be extended without breaking service temporarily for existing users and the presence of many joints in the cable also makes them very vulnerable to accidental or malicious disruption. There were proprietary systems that claimed to avoid these problems (e.g.EAD sockets) but these never became widespread, possibly due to a lack of standardization. 10BASE-T can be extended by making a new connection to a hub. A fault in a one hub connection does not necessarily compromise other connections to the hub.
10BASE2 systems did have a number of advantages over 10BASE-T. No hub is required as with 10BASE-T, so the hardware cost was minimal, and wiring was particularly easy since only a single wire run is needed, which could be sourced from the nearest computer. These characteristics made 10BASE2 ideal for a small network of two or three machines, perhaps in a home where easily concealed wiring was an advantage. For a larger complex office network, the difficulties of tracing poor connections made it impractical. Unfortunately for 10BASE2, by the time multiple homecomputer networks became common, the format had already been practically superseded by 10BASE-T.
10BASE2 usesRG-58A/U cable or similar for a maximum segment length of 185 m as opposed to the thickerRG-8-like cable used in10BASE5 networks with a maximum length of 500 m. The RG-58 type wire used by 10BASE2 was inexpensive, smaller and much more flexible than the specialized RG-8 variant. 10BASE2 can also useRG-59 cable.[6][7]
An Ethernetnetwork interface controller (NIC) may include the 10BASE2 transceivers and thus directly provide a 10BASE2BNC connector (that the T-connector plugs into), or it may offer anAUI connector that external transceivers (seeMedium Attachment Unit) can connect to. These can be transceivers for 10BASE2, but also for 10BASE5 or 10BASE-T. Some NICs offer both BNC and AUI connectors, or other combinations including BNC and 10BASE-T. With multiple connections, only one connector is designed to be used at the same time.
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