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1080s

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Decade

Millennia
2nd millennium
Centuries
10th century 11th century 12th century
Decades
1060s 1070s 1080s 1090s 1100s
Years
1080 1081 1082 1083 1084 1085 1086 1087 1088 1089
Categories
Births Deaths By country Establishments Disestablishments
v t e

The1080s was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1080, and ended on December 31, 1089.

Events

Autumn –Nikephoros Melissenos, a Byzantine general and aristocrat, seizes control of what remains of ByzantineAsia Minor (modernTurkey), and proclaims himself emperor againstNikephoros III Botaneiates. Melissenos makes an alliance with SultanSuleiman ibn Qutulmish and recruits many Turkishmercenaries to his army.^[1]

Europe

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January 27 –Battle of Flarchheim:Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor, defeats the forces led by the German anti-kingRudolf of Rheinfelden, duke ofSwabia, near the town ofFlarchheim (modernGermany).
April 17 – KingHarald III of Denmark dies after a 4-year reign and is buried atDalby Church inScania (modernSweden). He is succeeded by his brotherCanute IV ("the Holy") as ruler ofDenmark.
October 14 –Battle on the Elster: Rudolf of Rheinfelden defeats the imperial forces led by Henry IV at theElster River. Rudolf dies the following day atMerseburg of wounds received.^[2]

Britain

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May 14 –Walcher, bishop ofDurham, is killed by rebel Northumbrians. KingWilliam the Conqueror sends a punitive expedition led by his half-brotherOdo of Bayeux to pacifyNorthumbria.^[3]
Autumn –Robert Curthose, a son of William I, is sent to invadeScotland. He reaches as far asFalkirk and forces KingMalcolm III to agree to terms while building fortifications atNewcastle upon Tyne.
Osmund, bishop ofSalisbury, buildsDevizes Castle inWiltshire.

Armenia

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TheRubenid Principality of Cilicia gains independence after its founder,Ruben I, succeeds in establishing his authority in the mountainous regions ofCilicia.

Africa

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TheAlmoravid emir,Yusuf ibn Tashfin, conquersTangier,Badis andHunayn.^[4]

China

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Shen Kuo, Chinesepolymath scientist and statesman, begins his defensive military campaign against theTangut people of theWestern Xia. He successfully defends the invasion route toYanzhou (Shaanxi province).

By topic

[edit]

Religion

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June 25 –Wibert of Ravenna is elected asAntipope Clement III during the pro-imperialSynod of Brixen.Pope Gregory VII is deposed, signed in a decree by Henry IV.^[5]
KingAlfonso VI ("the Brave") ofLeón andCastile establishesLatin liturgy in theCatholic Church, in place of theHispanic Rite.
Benno II, bishop ofOsnabrück, founds theBenedictine abby ofIburg Castle (modernGermany).

1081

This section istranscluded from1081.(edit |history)

By place

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Byzantine Empire

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April 1 – EmperorNikephoros III is forced to abdicate the throne, and retires to thePeribleptos monastery. He is succeeded byAlexios I Komnenos, who is crowned onApril 5, as ruler of theByzantine Empire. His brother-in-lawNikephoros Melissenos supports Alexios as new emperor, in exchange for the title ofCaesar (co-emperor), and is appointed as commander of the Byzantine armies in the West.^[6]
May – A Norman fleet of 150 ships (including 60horse transports), led by DukeRobert Guiscard, sets off towards theDalmatian coast. An army of 15,000 men (including about 1,300 Norman knights) sails to the city ofAvalona (modernAlbania); they are joined by several ships fromRagusa, a republic in theBalkans who are enemies of the Byzantines.^[7]
October 18 –Battle of Dyrrhachium: After taking the island ofCorfu, Robert Guiscard advances to Dyrrhachium (modern-dayDurrës), and lays siege to the city. Alexios I Komnenos attempts to defendIllyria from theNormans (the first recorded mention of Albania), but is defeated by Guiscard, outside Dyrrhachium, the Byzantine capital city of Illyria.

Europe

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KingAlfonso VI ("the Brave") ofCastile exiles his most famous commander,El Cid, who goes intoexile and offers his services to the twins – CountsRamon Berenguer II andBerenguer Ramon II ofBarcelona, but is turned down. He ends up in the service of EmirYusuf al-Mu'taman ibn Hud ofZaragoza.
KingMihailo ("King of the Slavs") dies after a 30-year reign. He is succeeded by his son,Constantine Bodin as ruler ofDuklja (until1101).

Britain

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Battle of Mynydd Carn (nearSt Davids inWales):Gruffudd ap Cynan in alliance withRhys ap Tewdwr, prince ofDeheubarth, defeats the forces ofTrahaearn ap Caradog,Caradog ap Gruffydd and Meilir ap Rhiwallon (who are all killed), allowing Gruffudd to claim theKingdom of Gwynedd.^[8]
KingWilliam the Conqueror of England orders the creation of a castle atCardiff during hisarmed pilgrimage in southern Wales. The first castle on the site would be amotte and bailey type and is built on existing Roman fortifications.

Seljuk Empire

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Seljuk emirTzachas (or Chaka Bey) conquersSmyrna (modern-dayİzmir) and founds a short-lived independent state, which emerges as the first sea power inTurkish history.

By topic

[edit]

Religion

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Pope Gregory VII writes a letter to BishopHermann of Metz about the behavior ofHenry IV, Holy Roman Emperor (approximate date).
Construction begins onSt. Canute's Cathedral inOdense (modernDenmark).

1082

This section istranscluded from1082.(edit |history)

By place

[edit]

Byzantine Empire

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Spring – TheNormans under DukeRobert Guiscard take Dyrrhachium (modern-dayDurrës) inIllyria and advance inland, capturing most ofMacedonia andThessaly. Robert is forced to leaveGreece to deal with an uprising inItaly. He leaves his sonBohemond in charge of the army, who lays siege to the city ofLarissa. EmperorAlexios I Komnenos mobilizes a new army, and with the support of 7,000Seljuk Turks he clears Thessaly from the Normans.^[9]
Byzantine–Venetian treaty: Alexios I signs a trade and defence pact withVenice, in the form of an imperialGolden Bull. He grants the Venetians a commercial colony inConstantinople, as well as free trading and exemption from taxes, throughout theByzantine Empire in return for their defense of theAdriatic Sea against the Normans.^[10]

Europe

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May 12 –Battle of Mailberg: DukeVratislaus II of Bohemia invadesAustria with an army of 8,000 men (supported by mercenaries fromMoravia andBavaria). He defeats the forces under MargraveLeopold II ("the Fair") nearMailberg. The northern region ofLower Austria is devastated from pillage andfamine.
December 6 – CountRamon Berenguer II ofBarcelona is killed whilehunting in the woods. He is succeeded by his twin brotherBerenguer Ramon II as the sole ruler ofCatalonia (modernSpain).
Winter –Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor, leads an expedition into Italy and besiegesRome. He gains entry and asynod is agreed upon by the Romans to rule on the dispute between Henry andPope Gregory VII.
Adalbero, margrave ofStyria, is forced to resign in favor of his brotherOttokar II, who is an ally of Gregory VII.
The first mention of the town ofHofgeismar (modernGermany) is recorded.

Asia

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Approximate date – The Korean printing of the entireBuddhistTripiṭaka is completed.

By topic

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Religion

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Construction of theRochester Cathedral is completed inEngland.^[11]

1083

This section istranscluded from1083.(edit |history)

By place

[edit]

Europe

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January 6 – A Castilian army, under CountGonzalo Salvadórez and his son-in-lawRamiro Garcés, Lord of Calahorra, child of the late KingGarcía Sánchez III of Pamplona, enters the surrendered bastion ofRueda, but are then treacherously set upon and killed. Gonzalo, Ramiro, and Ramiro's illegitimate half-brotherSancho Garcés are among the many nobles to lose their lives, in what will be remembered as the 'disaster' or 'treachery of Rueda'.^[12]
Summer –Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor besiegesPope Gregory VII inCastel Sant'Angelo atRome.
October – WhileRobert Guiscard is in Italy, emperorAlexios I Komnenos retakes territory previously lost to the Normans, including the town ofKastoria. Several Normans, includingPeter Aliphas, switch sides to the Byzantines.^[13]^[14]
Reconquista: Castilian forces under Alfonso VI reconquerTalavera de la Reina in theTaifa of Toledo (modernSpain).
KingSancho Ramírez ofPamplona andAragon, conquersGraus (located in thePyrenees).
KingWilliam the Conqueror imprisons his half-brotherOdo of Bayeux for planning a military expedition toItaly.

Africa

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Ceuta falls to theAlmoravids, after a five-yearsiege.^[15]

1084

This section istranscluded from1084.(edit |history)

By place

[edit]

Europe

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March 31 – EmperorHenry IV besiegesRome and enters the city. He is crowned Holy Roman Emperor byAntipope Clement III in Rome and receives the patrician authority.^[16]
May –Sack of Rome: DukeRobert Guiscard leads a Norman army (36,000 men) north and enters Rome; the city is sacked, and Henry IV is forced to retreat.
Robert Guiscard returns with 150 warships inIllyria (modernAlbania), and occupiesCorfu andKefalonia with the support ofRagusa and theDalmatian city-states.
KingHalsten Stenkilsson is killed and his brotherInge the Elder is deposed inSvealand (modernSweden). Inge is replaced by his brother-in-lawBlot-Sweyn.

Seljuk Empire

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TheSeljuk Turks under SultanMalik-Shah I conquer ByzantineAntioch, held byPhilaretos Brachamios, an Armenian general, who seizes power as ausurper.

Asia

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Sima Guang, Chinese chancellor and historian, with a group of scholars, completes theZizhi Tongjian, a chronicle ofuniversal history of China.
April 21 – KingKyansittha begins his reign as ruler of thePagan Kingdom inBurma (modernMyanmar).^[17]

By topic

[edit]

Religion

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Pope Gregory VII, who has been forced by the presence in Rome of Henry IV to retreat to theCastel Sant'Angelo, is freed by Robert Guiscard and restores papal authority in Rome.
Bruno of Cologne founds theCarthusian Order which includes both monks and nuns. He builds ahermitage in theFrench Alps.^[18]
Building work starts onWorcester Cathedral in England, orchestrated by BishopWulfstan.

1085

This section istranscluded from1085.(edit |history)

By place

[edit]

Europe

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May 25 – KingAlfonso VI of León and Castile ("the Brave") recapturesToledo from theMoors, and occupies other cities such asMadrid andTalavera (including the castle ofAledo). Alfonso moves his capital to Toledo, and consolidates his power betweenSistema Central and theTagus River, from where he launches more attacks against thetaifas ofCórdoba,Seville,Badajoz andGranada (modernSpain).
Summer –Robert Guiscard heads for theIonian Islands despite anepidemic among troops onCorfu. His son,Roger Borsa, lands onCephalonia but Guiscard falls sick as his ship approaches the northernmost headland and is carried ashore, where he dies of fever (onJuly 17).
EmperorHenry IV declares thePeace of God in all the imperial territories of theHoly Roman Empire to quell any sedition.
June 15 –Vratislaus II, a son of DukeBretislav I, becomes the first king ofBohemia and is elevated 'for life' by Henry IV.
Katedralskolan inLund (modernSweden), the oldest school inScandinavia, is founded by KingCanute IV of Denmark.

England

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TheDomesday Survey is commissioned by KingWilliam the Conqueror,^[19] apparently prompted by the abortive invasion of Canute IV, to ensure proper taxation and levies.^[20]

China

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April 1 –Emperor Zhezong ascends the throne at the age of 8 under the supervision of his grandmother, Grand Empress DowagerGao. She cancels the reform policy of ChancellorWang Anshi.
The output ofcopper currency for the ChineseSong dynasty reaches 6 billion coins a year, prompting the Chinese government to adopt the world's firstpaper-printed money later in the1120s.

1086

This section istranscluded from1086.(edit |history)

By place

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Europe

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October 23 –Battle of Sagrajas: Spanish forces under KingAlfonso VI ("the Brave") ofCastile are defeated by theMoors and their allies, theAlmoravids, who have been invited to help on orders by EmirAl-Mu'tamid ibn Abbad.
Siege of Syracuse (1086) – Norman forces under CountRoger I ("Bosso") conquerSyracuse, the last Muslim stronghold inSicily.^[21]

England

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August 1 – KingWilliam the Conqueror calls for a meeting atOld Sarum, where he invites his major vassals and tenants-in-chief to swear allegiance to him. This is known as the Oath of Salisbury.
TheDomesday Book is completed. Drawn up on the orders of William I; it describes in detail the landholdings and resources inEngland.
The population in England is estimated to be 1.25 million citizens with 10% living in boroughs.^[22]

Seljuk Empire

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Summer –Suleiman ibn Qutulmish, ruler of theTurks in Rum, is killed by EmirTutush I in thebattle of Ain Salm nearAntioch. Suleiman's 7-year-old sonKilij Arslan I is captured and transferred as hostage toIsfahan (modernIran).^[23]
SultanMalik-Shah I rebuilds theImam Ali Mosque inNajaf (modernIraq), after it was destroyed by fire.

By topic

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Religion

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May 24 –Pope Victor III succeedsGregory VII as the 158thpope of theCatholic Church, though he does not accept election until1087.

1087

This section istranscluded from1087.(edit |history)

By place

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Europe

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Summer – TheTaifa of Valencia falls under the domination ofEl Cid. He stabilizes the region aroundValencia, which has revolted against the Moorish puppet rulerAl-Qadir.^[24]
Inge the Elder returns toSvealand and kills his brother-in-lawBlot-Sweyn after a 3-year reign. Inge again proclaims himself king ofSweden (approximate date).

England

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September 9 –William the Conqueror dies inRouen after a fall from his horse. He is succeeded asking of England by his third sonWilliam II.
Afire in London destroys much of the city, includingSt. Paul's Cathedral. BishopMaurice starts the rebuilding of a new, much larger cathedral.

Africa

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Mahdia campaign: The navies ofGenoa andPisa take the capital of theZirids, and occupyMahdia for a year. Subsequently, both republics obtain trading privileges.^[25]
Completion ofBab al-Futuh,Cairo

Japan

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January 3 – EmperorShirakawa abdicates in favor of his 7-year-old sonHorikawa after a 14-year reign. He exerts his personal power to set thecloistered rule system further in motion.

Middle East

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May: The marriage of Caliphal-Muqtadi andMah-i Mulk is consummated. This marriage strengthens the political relation ofMalik-Shah I and the Caliph.

By topic

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Religion

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May 9 – Therelics ofSaint Nicholas, patron saint of seafarers, are stolen by Italian sailors from his church inMyra (modernTurkey) and transported toBari in southernItaly.^[26]
September 16 – PopeVictor III dies after a 1-yearpontificate atMonte Cassino. He is buried in the abbey'schapter house.

1088

This section istranscluded from1088.(edit |history)

By place

[edit]

Europe

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Almoravid forces (supported with fighters from localAndalusian provinces), under SultanYusuf ibn Tashfin, besiegeAledo, but are forced to retreat, by the arrival of Spanish troops of KingAlfonso VI ("the Brave") ofCastile.^[27]
Catalonian troops, under CountBerenguer Ramon II, reconquerTarragona (lost again in1108). He will ruleCatalonia with his 6-year-old nephewRamon Berenguer III, until he comes of age.^[28]

England

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Spring – Arebellion led byWilliam the Conqueror's half-brothersOdo of Bayeux andRobert (2ndEarl of Cornwall), begins against KingWilliam II with the aim to remove him from the throne. Odo's revolt inKent andSussex is supported by nobles across the country.
TheWorcestershire rebellion led byRobert de Lacy (a son ofIlbert de Lacy) is dealt with quickly byWulfstan, bishop ofWorcester, who calls on those knights and local landowners still loyal to William II to defend Worcester. Many of the rebels are captured or killed.
William II calls the representatives of thefyrd to a meeting inLondon. He promises (with the support ofLanfranc, bishop ofCanterbury) the people better laws, and the removal of taxes if they support him against the rebels.
William II lays siege toPevensey Castle on the south coast where Odo of Bayeux has taken shelter with Robert. Odo is forced to surrender, and agrees to go toRochester to convince the rebels to accept William as the rightful king ofEngland.
Summer – William II lays siege toRochester Castle and puts down the revolt. Odo of Bayeux and the rebels surrender (agreeing only that their lives will be spared). William takes Odo's lands and exiles him toNormandy.

Africa

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Nasir ibn Alnas, ruler of theHammadids, dies after a 26-year reign. He is succeeded by his sonAl-Mansur ibn al-Nasir (until1104).

By topic

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Arts and Culture

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TheDream Pool Essays is published by the Chinesepolymath scientist and statesmanShen Kuo. His book represents the earliest known writing about themagnetic compass,movable type printing, experimentation with thecamera obscura only decades afterHasan ibn al-Haytham, which includes many different fields of study inessay andencyclopedic form, includinggeology,astronomy,archaeology,mathematics,pharmacology,magnetism,geography,optics,hydraulics,economics,military strategy,philosophy, etc. Some of Shen's most advanced theories includegeomorphology andclimate variability, while he improvesChinese astronomy, by fixing the position of thepole star and correcting thelunar error, by plotting itsorbital course every night for a continuum of five years. Shen's book is also the first to describe thedrydock inChina – and discusses the advantages of the recent invention of the canalpound lock, over the oldflash lock.
Su Song, Chinese polymath scientist and statesman, invents the pilot model for hisastronomical clock tower constructed inKaifeng. It features anescapement mechanism – and the world's oldest known power-transmittingchain drive to operate thearmillary sphere, opening doors, and mechanical-drivenmannequins, that would rotate in shifts to announce the time onplaques.

Education

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The oldest extant university, theUniversity of Bologna, is founded inItaly (approximate date).

Geology

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April 16 – The 6.5M_s Tmogvi earthquake affects the southern provinces ofGeorgia, which causes the destruction of the castle ofTmogvi and many deaths.

Religion

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March 12 – PopeUrban II (Urbanus) succeedsVictor III as the 159thpope of theCatholic Church inRome.

1089

This section istranscluded from1089.(edit |history)

By place

[edit]

Europe

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April 20 (possible date) –Demetrius Zvonimir,king of Croatia, dies after a 12-year reign, and is succeeded byStephen II. Zvonimir's widow,Helena of Hungary, Queen of Croatia, plots the inheritance of the Croatian crown for her brother, KingLadislaus I of Hungary.
June 24 –Reconquista:Gaston IV, Viscount of Béarn (supported by Frenchcrusaders) reconquers the Aragonese city ofMonzón from EmirAl-Mustain II of theTaifa of Zaragoza.^[29]
August 18 –Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor, marriesEupraxia of Kiev (daughter of Grand PrinceVsevolod I) atCologne. She is crowned and assumes the name Adelaide (or Adelheid).
KingGeorge II abdicates the throne in favour of his 16-year-old sonDavid IV ("the Builder") who becomes ruler ofGeorgia (until1125).

England

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August 11 – A powerfulearthquake is recorded inEngland.
Northumbria is divided by KingWilliam II into the counties ofNorthumberland,County Palatine of Durham,Yorkshire,Westmorland andLancashire.^{[citation needed]}

By topic

[edit]

Religion

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March 21 –Cîteaux Abbey, the firstCistercian monastery, is established by a group of French monks underRobert of Molesme in southernFrance.
August 28 –Braga Cathedral in the County of Portugal has its reconstruction (following 353 years of Muslim occupation) completed sufficiently for its consecration to theVirgin Mary to take place.
September
- TheSynod of Melfi, led byPope Urban II (his first papal council), issues decrees againstsimony andclerical marriage.^[30]
- A church council, held inConstantinople, discuses relations between Eastern and WesternChristianity.^[31]

Significant people

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Births

Transcluding articles:1080,1081,1082,1083,1084,1085,1086,1087,1088, and1089

1080(many dates approximate)

Adelard of Bath, English philosopher (d.1152)
Alberic of Ostia, French cardinal-bishop (d.1148)
Barthélemy de Jur, French bishop
Cellach of Armagh (or Celsus), Irish archbishop (d.1129)
Egas Moniz o Aio, Portuguesenobleman (d.1146)
Eilika of Saxony, German noblewoman (d.1142)
Ermesinde of Luxembourg, countess ofNamur (d.1143)
Guarinus of Palestrina, Italian cardinal-bishop (d.1158)
Harald Kesja ("the Spear"), king ofDenmark (d.1135)
Helie of Burgundy, countess ofToulouse (d.1141)
Henry I, archbishop ofMainz
Honorius Augustodunensis, French theologian (d.1154)
Ibn Tumart, Almoravid political leader
Leo I, prince ofCilician Armenia
Lhachen Utpala, Indian king ofLadakh (d.1110)
Magnus Erlendsson, Norse earl ofOrkney (d.1115)
María Rodríguez de Vivar, countess ofBarcelona (d.1105)
Matilda of Scotland, queen consort ofEngland (d.1118)^[32]
Piotr Włostowic, Polish nobleman
Reginald I ("the One-Eyed"), count ofBar (d.1149)
Richard Fitz Pons, Norman nobleman (d. 1129)
Robert Pullen, English cardinal
Rotrou III ("the Great"), French nobleman (d.1144)
Theresa, Portuguese queen andregent (d.1130)
Wanyan Zonghan, Chinese nobleman (d.1136)
Wulfric of Haselbury, Englishwonderworker (d. 1154)

1081

Louis VI ("the Fat"), king ofFrance (approximate date)
Gruffydd ap Rhys, Welsh king ofDeheubarth (d.1137)
Rudolf I, count ofBregenz andChur (d.1160)
Satake Masayoshi, Japanesesamurai (d.1147)
Suger, Frenchabbot and historian (approximate date) (d.1151)
William I, count ofLuxembourg (d.1131)
Zhang Bangchang, Chinese prime minister (d.1127)
Zhao Mingcheng, Chinesescholar-official (d.1129)

1082

June 7 –Huizong, emperor of theSong dynasty (d.1135)
November 11 –Ramon Berenguer III, count ofBarcelona (d.1132)
Goswin of Anchin, FrenchBenedictine monk andabbot (d.1165)
Mary of Scotland, countess ofBoulogne (d.1116)
Minamoto no Yoshikuni, Japanesesamurai (d.1155)
Muhammad I Tapar, sultan of theSeljuk Empire (d.1118)
Yaropolk II Vladimirovich, Grand Prince ofKiev (d.1139)
Approximate date
- Petronilla of Lorraine, countess andregent ofHolland (d.1144)
- Theotonius of Coimbra, Portuguese royal advisor (d.1162)
- Ulrich of Attems, Italiannobleman

1083

December 1 –Anna Komnene, Byzantine princess (d.1153)
Florine of Burgundy, Frenchnoblewoman and crusader (d.1097)
Li Gang, Chinese politician andGrand Chancellor (d.1140)
Qadi Iyad, Almoravidimam and chief judge (qadi) (d.1149)
Raymond du Puy, French knight andGrand Master (d.1160)
Shin Panthagu, BurmeseBuddhist monk andprimate (d.1174)
Viacheslav I Vladimirovich, Grand Prince ofKiev (d.1154)
Approximate date
- Jindřich Zdík (or Henry Zdík), bishop ofOlomouc (d.1150)
- Otto IV, count palatine ofBavaria (approximate date)

1084

August 1 –Heonjong, Korean king ofGoryeo (d.1097)
Alan I (le Noir), viscount ofRohan (d.1147)
Ali ibn Yusuf, ruler of theAlmoravids (d.1143)
Bahram-Shah, ruler of theGhaznavids (d.1157)
Charles I (the Good), count ofFlanders (d.1127)
David I, king ofScotland (approximate date)
Li Qingzhao, Chinese femalepoet and writer
Rainier, margrave ofMontferrat (approximate date)
Rechungpa, Tibetan founder of theKagyu school (d.1161)
Wang, Chinese empress of theSong dynasty (d.1108)

1085

September 19 –Maria Komnene, Byzantine princess
Ahmad Sanjar, Seljuk ruler ofKhorasan (approximate date)
Alberich of Reims, archbishop ofBourges (approximate date)^[33]
Avempace, Andalusianpolymath and philosopher (d.1138)
Constantine Komnenos, Byzantine aristocrat (approximate date)
Elizabeth of Vermandois, English countess (approximate date)
Floris II ("the Fat"), count ofHolland (approximate date)
Gilbert of Sempringham, English priest (approximate date)
Imad ad-Din Zengi, Seljuk ruler ofMosul (approximate date)
Meginhard I, count ofSponheim (approximate date)
Otomae, Japanese female singer and musician (d.1169)
Otto II the Black, Moravian prince (approximate date)
Ralph I (or Raoul), count ofVermandois (approximate date)
Robert fitz Martin, Norman knight andnobleman (d.1159)
Stephen of Obazine, French priest andhermit (d.1154)
Waleran II, duke ofLower Lorraine (approximate date)
William of Montevergine, Italian monk andabbot (d.1142)
William, Count of Sully ("the Simple"), French nobleman (approximate date)
Zhang Zeduan, Chineselandscape painter (d.1145)
Zhu Bian, Chinese diplomat,poet and writer (d.1144)

1086

April 24 –Ramiro II ("the Monk"), king ofAragon (d.1157)
August 11 –Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor (d.1125)^[34]
August 20 –Bolesław III Wrymouth, duke ofPoland (d.1138)
al-Shahrastani, Persian scholar and historian (d.1153)
Þorlákur Runólfsson, Icelandic bishop (d.1133)
Vicelinus, bishop ofOldenburg in Holstein (d.1154)
Zhang Jun, Chinese general and official (d. 1154)

1087

September 13 –John II Komnenos, Byzantine emperor (d.1143)
Ibn Quzman, Andalusian poet and writer (approximate date)
Reginald III (or Renaud), count ofBurgundy (approximate date)
Theoderich van Are (or Dietrich), Germannobleman (d.1126)

1088

January 31 – Ja'far ibn Abdallah al-Muqtadi, son of caliphal-Muqtadi andMah-i Mulk.
July 24 –Ibn al-Arif, MoorishSufi scholar and writer (d.1141)
November 7 –Hemachandra, IndianJain poet andpolymath (d.1173)
Bermudo Pérez de Traba, Spanishnobleman (d.1168)
Irene of Hungary, Byzantine empress consort (d.1134)
John IV, Byzantine prince and archbishop (approximate date)
Lucienne de Rochefort, French crown princess (d.1137)
Tairrdelbach Ua Conchobair, Irish king ofConnacht (d.1156)
William III of Mâcon (or William IV of Burgundy), French nobleman (d. 1156)
Zhenxie Qingliao, ChineseZen Buddhist monk (d.1151)

1089

Abraham ibn Ezra, Jewishrabbi and philosopher (d.1167) (approximate date)
Berthold of Zwiefalten, Germanabbot and writer (d.1169) (approximate date)
Dahui Zonggao, ChineseZen Buddhist monk (d.1163)
Han Shizhong, Chinese general of the NorthernSong dynasty (d.1151)
Mahsati, Persian femalepoet and writer (approximate date)
Richard de Luci, NormanHigh Sheriff ofEssex (d.1179)
Sigurd the Crusader, king ofNorway (d.1130)
Wulgrin II, count ofAngoulême (approximate date)

Deaths

Transcluding articles:1080,1081,1082,1083,1084,1085,1086,1087,1088, and1089

1080

January 26 –Amadeus II, count ofSavoy (b.1050)
April 17 –Harald III, king ofDenmark (b.1040)
May 14 –Walcher, bishop ofDurham
July 5 –Ísleifur Gissurarson, Icelandic bishop (b.1006)
October 15 –Rudolf of Rheinfelden, duke ofSwabia^[2]
Abraham, bishop ofSt David's (Wales) (murdered: approximate date)
Aristakes Lastivertsi, Armenian historian (b.1002)
Bertha of Blois, duchess ofBrittany (approximate date)
Haakon Ivarsson, Norwegian jarl (b. 1027)
Lhachen Gyalpo, Indian king of Ladakh (b. 1050)
Michael Attaleiates, Byzantine historian and writer
Muhammad ibn Abbas, ruler of theGhurid dynasty

1081

January/February –Ibn Hayyus, Syrianpoet andpanegyrist (b.1003)
April 2/3 –Bolesław II the Bold (or "the Generous"), king ofPoland (or1082)
June –Bernard of Menthon, Frenchpriest and saint
September 1 –Eusebius (or Bruno), bishop ofAngers
October 18
- Konstantios Doukas, Byzantine emperor (b.1060)
- Nikephoros Palaiologos, Byzantine general
December 10 –Nikephoros III, Byzantine emperor
December 21 –Abu al-Walid al-Baji, Moorish scholar and poet (b.1013)
Abelard of Hauteville, Italo-Normannobleman
Artau I, count ofPallars Sobirà (approximate date)
Caradog ap Gruffydd, prince ofGwent, killed in battle
Jōjin, JapaneseTendai monk and writer (b.1011)
Mihailo ("King of the Slavs"), Serbian king ofDuklja
Trahaearn ap Caradog, Welsh king ofGwynedd, killed in battle (b.1044)

1082

April 2/3 (or1081) –Bolesław II the Bold, king ofPoland
December 5 –Ramon Berenguer II, count of Barcelona
Arsen Ninotsmindeli, Georgian bishop andcalligrapher
David of Munktorp, EnglishCluniac monk and abbot
Lothair Udo II, margrave of theNordmark
Waleran I (or Walram), count ofArlon andLimburg
Approximate date –Robert de Grandmesnil, Norman nobleman

1083

January 6
- Gonzalo Salvadórez, Spanish nobleman
- Ramiro Garcés, Spanish nobleman
- Sancho Garcés, Spanish nobleman
January 11 –Otto of Nordheim, duke of Bavaria
September 2 –Munjong of Goryeo, Korean ruler (b.1019)
November 2 –Matilda of Flanders, queen consort ofEngland
December 5 –Sunjong of Goryeo, Korean ruler (b.1047)
Adelelm of Jumièges, Norman monk andabbot
Basil Apokapes (or Apocapes), Byzantine general
Ermengarde of Tonnerre, French noblewoman
Nicodemus of Palermo, Italian bishop and saint
Touzi Yiqing, ChineseZen Buddhist monk (d.1032)
Zeng Gong, Chinese scholar and historian (b. 1019)
Approximate date –Theodora Doukaina Selvo, Venetiandogaressa (b.1058)

1084

February 16 –Siegfried I, archbishop ofMainz
June 28 –Ekkehard of Huysburg, Germanabbot
October 10 –Gilla Pátraic, bishop ofDublin
November 20 –Otto II, margrave of Montferrat
Aghsartan I, Georgian king ofKakheti and Hereti
Fujiwara no Kenshi, Japanese empress (b.1057)
Halsten Stenkilsson, king ofSweden (approximate date)
Herfast (orArfast), NormanLord Chancellor
Hoël II, duke ofBrittany (House ofCornouaille)
Saw Lu, king of thePagan Kingdom (b.1049)

1085

January 3 –Williram of Ebersberg, German abbot
April 1 –Shenzong, emperor ofSong dynasty China (b.1048)
May 25 –Gregory VII, pope of theCatholic Church
May 27 –Gundred, Countess of Surrey (or Gundreda), English noblewoman
June 19 –Vitalis of Bernay, Norman monk and abbot
July 17 –Robert Guiscard, Norman warrior and nobleman
August 19 –Al-Juwayni, Persian scholar andimam (b.1028)
September 20 –Hermann II, German nobleman (b.1049)
Alfanus I (or Alfano), Italian physician and archbishop
Al-Lakhmi, Fatimid scholar,jurist and writer (b.1006)
Cheng Hao, Chineseneo-Confucian philosopher (b.1032)
Maitripada, IndianBuddhist philosopher (b.1007)
Osbern Giffard, Norman nobleman (approximate date)
Wang Gui, Chinese official andchancellor (b.1019)
Yūsuf Balasaguni, Karakhanid statesman (b. 1019)

1086

March 15 –Richilde, countess andregent ofFlanders
March 18 –Anselm of Lucca, Italian bishop (b.1036)
May 21 –Wang Anshi, Chinesechancellor (b.1021)
July 10 –Canute IV ("the Holy"), king ofDenmark
July 14 –Toirdelbach Ua Briain, Irish king (b.1009)
July 17 –García Ramírez, Aragonese bishop
August 8 –Conrad I, count ofLuxembourg (b.1040)
September 25 –William VIII, duke ofAquitaine
October 11 –Sima Guang, Chinese politician (b.1019)
October 23 –Rodrigo Muñoz, Galiciannobleman
December 25 –Judith of Bohemia, duchess of Poland
Gregory Pakourianos, Byzantine politician and general, killed in battle
Huizong, Chinese emperor (Western Xia) (b.1060)
Mael Ísu Ua Brolcháin, Irish monk and writer
Muhammad ibn Ammar, Moorishpoet (b.1031)
Odo I of Furneaux (or 'Eudes'), French nobleman (b. 1040)
Suleiman ibn Qutulmish, ruler of theSultanate of Rum, killed in battle

1087

June 9 –Otto I ("the Fair"), prince ofOlomouc (b.1045)
June 27 –Henry I the Long, margrave of theNordmark
September 9 –William the Conqueror, king ofEngland^[35]
September 16 –Victor III, pope of theCatholic Church
September 25 –Simon I, French nobleman (b.1025)
November 12 –William I, French nobleman (b.1020)
December 13 –Maria Dobroniega, duchess ofPoland
December 27 –Bertha of Savoy, Holy Roman Empress (b.1051)
Abu Bakr ibn Umar, military leader of theAlmoravids
Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm al-Zarqālī, Arab astrologer (b.1029)
Arnold of Soissons (or Arnoul), French bishop (b.1040)
Asma bint Shihab, queen and co-regent ofYemen
Blot-Sweyn, king ofSvealand (approximate date)
Eustace II,count of Boulogne (approximate date)
Leo Diogenes, Byzantine co-emperor (b.1069)
Solomon (or Salomon), king ofHungary (b.1053)
Yaropolk Izyaslavich, prince ofTurov andVolhyn

1088

January 6 –Berengar of Tours, French theologian
April 7 –Burchard II (or Bucco), German bishop
June 15 –Gebhard of Salzburg, German archbishop
June 24 –William de Warenne, Norman nobleman
July 27 –Benno II, German bishop and architect
September 25 –Godfrey, English bishop ofChichester
September 28 –Hermann of Salm, German nobleman
Alberic of Monte Cassino, GermanBenedictine cardinal
Berthold of Reichenau, German chronicler and writer
Dubh Chablaigh ingen Áed, Irish queen consort ofMunster
Hugh de Montfort, Lord of Montfort-sur-Risle, Norman nobleman (approximate date)
John Doukas, Byzantineusurper (approximate date)
Khwaja Abdullah Ansari, PersianSufi poet (b.1006)
Mael Isa ua Máilgiric, IrishChief Ollam and writer
Marianus Scotus of Regensburg, Irish-bornabbot (approximate date)
Nasir Khusraw, Persian poet and philosopher (b.1004) (latest date)
Nasir ibn Alnas, Berber ruler of theHammadids
Ranulf I of Caiazzo (or Rainulf), Italo-Norman nobleman
Rhiryd ap Bleddyn, Welsh king ofPowys (b.1049)
Tigernach Ua Braín, Irish abbot and writer

1089

April 20 (possible date) –Demetrius Zvonimir, king ofCroatia andDalmatia
May 24 –Lanfranc, Italian-born archbishop ofCanterbury
May 29/30 –Mah-i Mulk Khatun wife of caliphal-Muqtadi (r. 1075–1094).
May 31 –Sigwin von Are,archbishop of Cologne
October 6 –Adalbero,Prince-Bishop of Würzburg
November 11 –Peter Igneus, Italian cardinal-bishop
December 22 –William the Walloon, French abbot
Agnes of Aquitaine, French-born countess consort ofSavoy
Donnchad mac Domnaill Remair, Irish king ofDublin, killed (approximate date)
Durandus of Troarn, French monk andtheologian
Isaac ibn Ghiyyat, Spanish Jewishrabbi and philosopher
Mieszko Bolesławowic, Polish prince ofKraków
Renauld II, French count ofNevers andAuxerre
Theobald III, Count of Blois (or Thibaut), Frenchnobleman

References

[edit]

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