| Part of theTwo Centenaries | |
 The scenery of decorations at Tiananmen Square on 30 June 2021 | |
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| Native name | 中国共产党成立100周年庆祝活动 |
|---|---|
| Date | 1 July 2021 (2021-07-01) |
| Location | Chang'an Avenue,Tiananmen Square, Beijing, China |
| Coordinates | 39°54′26.4″N116°23′27.9″E / 39.907333°N 116.391083°E /39.907333; 116.391083 |
| Also known as |
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| Type | mass pageant,music and dance gala |
| Motive | Commemoration of the centennial of the founding of the Chinese Communist Party in July 1921[1] |
| Organised by |
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| Participants | Chinese Communist Party,Government of China,National leaders,international organization leaders,PLA,PAP,Militia, and other formations |
| Website | Official event page (English) |
| 100th Anniversary of the Chinese Communist Party | |||||||||
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 Slogan for the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China | |||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 中国共产党成立100周年庆祝活动 | ||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 中國共產黨成立100週年慶祝活動 | ||||||||
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| Centennial of the Chinese Communist Party | |||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 中国共产党成立一百周年 | ||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 中國共產黨成立一百週年 | ||||||||
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Celebrations of the100th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Communist Party were held on 1 July 2021 inBeijing to celebrate the centennial of thefounding of theChinese Communist Party (CCP), which has been thesole governing political party of thePeople's Republic of China (PRC)since 1949.
CCP General SecretaryXi Jinping, as the guest of honor, delivered a speech and presented theOrder of July the Firstorder of honour to CCP members who have made significant contributions.PremierLi Keqiang served as the official host of the event. Similar celebrations were scheduled nationwide inmainland China, theMacau Special Administrative Region, and theHong Kong Special Administrative Region,[2] coinciding with the 24th anniversary of thehandover from theUnited Kingdom on the same day.
The CCP was founded in 1921 byChen Duxiu andLi Dazhao, with the help of the Far Eastern Bureau of theRussian Social Democratic Labour Party (Bolsheviks), who seized power in Russia after the 1917October Revolution, and the Far Eastern Secretariat of theCommunist International.[3] From 1927 to 1950, the CCP fought acivil war against theKuomintang-led government but it temporarily ceased its hostilities to form a short-lived alliance with the Kuomintang to fight thewar against Japan, and in 1949, it emerged victorious whenChairman Mao proclaimed the establishment of the People's Republic of China, and theRepublic of China retreated to Taiwan. Since then, the CCP has been the sole ruling party in the country, renamed the People's Republic of China in 1949.[4][5]
Leading up to the centenary celebrations, the Chinese government has been promoting Xi Jinping's outlook on history as the new orthodoxy.[1]Internet censorship was stepped up while museums across the country curated exhibitions related to history of the CCP.[6]The Guardian reported that the CCP has been assiduously pushing the official narrative and its official history across the entire country since the beginning of 2021. Adulatory messages such as "Listen to the party, appreciate the party, follow the party" adorned banners and billboards, foreign journalists were given tours to spread the official narrative, and Buddhist temples held special anniversary events.[1] The National Film Administration mandated local film authorities, film and cinema companies and production firms to screen and promote, starting 1 April, "outstanding films" – works "closely focused on the themes of loving the party, loving the nation and loving socialism", and "sing the praises of ... and eulogise the Party, the motherland, its people and its heroes".[7]China Central Television (CCTV) produced a patriotic television series, calledThe Awakening Age, glorifying Chinese revolutionary history from 1915 to 1921;[6] a collection of 100 rappers produced a 15-minute track praising the Party called "100%".[6]
In preparation for the Centennial, efforts at suppressing and tailoring the Party's history were stepped up. The Party uses manufactured historical memories to legitimize the Party's place in society. The highlighting of the Party's centenary followed the CCP's general pattern of periodizing history. It is contrasted with thecentury of humiliation trope.[8]
The first full rehearsal for the festivities took place on 13 June 2021.[9] Security was strengthened leading up to the celebrations, with an increase in the number of officers of the People's Armed Police and officers of the state security police in Beijing.[10] The first press conference hosted by the Press Center took place on 27 June 2021.[11]
Although theCivil Human Rights Front, traditional organizers of theannual march, announced that it was cancelling its plans, three other pro-democracy groups stepped in with an application to hold a demonstration, but the request was refused by police on the grounds of COVID-19 restrictions.[12] Thousands of police were mobilized to prevent any possible protests, one day after the first anniversary of the implementation of thenational security law in the territory. Victoria Park, the traditional starting point of the annual march, was declared off limits due to public order concerns, and all occupants were banished.[13][6]
Throughout June 2021, light shows took place in celebration of the anniversary in multiple Chinese cities including Beijing, Shanghai andShenzhen.[14][15]
An extravaganza produced byChina Central Television was held at theBeijing National Stadium on 28 June 2021. It starred over 90 celebrities.[16] The gala evening concluded with a huge fireworks display and a rendition of "Without the Communist Party, There Would be No New China".[6]
A national ceremony and rally of 70,000 took place onTiananmen Square in Beijing.[17][18] It was attended by CCP General SecretaryXi Jinping, former General SecretaryHu Jintao, Chinese PremierLi Keqiang, former PremierWen Jiabao and members of thePolitburo of the Chinese Communist Party. Hong Kong andMacau Chief ExecutivesCarrie Lam andHo Iat-seng were also in attendance. However, former CCP General SecretaryJiang Zemin and former Chinese PremierZhu Rongji were absent.[citation needed]
The events began with a flag raising ceremony by thePLA Honour Guard after it marched off from the sides of the Monument to the People's Heroes, with agun salute of 56 gunners (representing the56 officially recognized ethnic groups of China) being fired 100 times (representing the 100 years of the party) in the background.[6] TheFlag of China was raised to the national anthem of the People's Republic of China,March of the Volunteers. TheCommunist Youth League of China and theYoung Pioneers of China also read a message of congratulations.[citation needed]
In March 2021, GeneralLi Jun, assistant to the director of thePolitical Work Department of the Central Military Commission, had said at a news conference that the expectedmilitary parade would not occur.[19][20] The traditional military parade was replaced by a flypast of Chinese aircraft. Seventy-onePeople's Liberation Army Air Force fighters flew over Tiananmen Square, with helicopters and fighter jets forming the numbers "100" and "71".[citation needed]
Later, General Secretary Xi Jinping delivered an hour-long speech in which he specifically declared the realization of the first of theTwo Centenaries' goals.[21] In his speech, Xi coined the phrase "whole-process people's democracy" and tied the concept to "common prosperity."[22]
While Xi warned during his speech that "any foreign force who attempted to bully China would find their heads broken and bashed bloody against the great wall of steel forged by the blood and flesh of 1.4 billion Chinese people",[6][21][23] the official translation used the analogy "on a collision course with a great wall of steel".[13][23][24] Xi praised the Communist Party, saying that there would be no new China without it, and it had "profoundly transformed the advancement of the Chinese nation ... [being] ... the foundation and lifeblood of the party and the country, and the crux upon which the interests and wellbeing of all Chinese people depend."[13]
With respect to Taiwan, he stressed the need to "crush any Taiwan independence", reiterating the adherence to theone China principle and the1992 Consensus, and the goal of completing unification, although the People's Republic of China has never ruled over the island.[21][25] The spokesperson of Taiwan's Presidential Office,Kolas Yotaka, retorted that the CCP ought to "grow up" and "just pick another birthday gift for itself",[25] while the TaiwaneseMainland Affairs Council called for a democratic transition in China on the CCP's 100th anniversary.[26][27][28]
Amidst heavy police presence in Causeway Bay aimed at stopping demonstrations along the traditional march route in Hong Kong, a 50-year-old man stabbed a police officer in the back with a knife at 10 pm, and then turned the knife on himself. The police officer was rushed to hospital in a critical condition but survived, while the alleged assailant was declared dead upon arrival at the hospital.[29][30] Hong Kong's newly appointed Security Secretary,Chris Tang, declared it a "terrorist act" committed by a "lone wolf", but blamed "many people who have encouraged violence and incited hatred toward society and the country".[29] After mourners started laying flowers at the location where the suspect fell, police warned against mourning, amounting it to "supporting terrorism".[31]
On 21 June 2021, the People's Bank of China issued a set of nine commemorative coins for the anniversary.[32]
Since June 2021, the "Glorious 50 Years in the Party" Commemorative Medal had been awarded, and the awarding continued until 1 July. It consisted of the party emblem, a five-pointed star, the flag, a monument, a sunflower, and other elements.[33] The CCP award ceremony to present the 1 July Medal to outstanding CCP members took place on 29 June 2021.[citation needed]
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 Military parades of thePeople's Republic of China | |
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| National Day Parades | |
| Other | |
