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10-second barrier

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
100-meter sprint milestone

Asafa Powell broke the 10-second barrier 97 times over his career

The10-second barrier is the physical and psychological barrier of completing the100 metressprint in under ten seconds. The achievement is traditionally regarded as the hallmark of a world-class male sprinter. Its significance has become less important since the late 1990s, as an increasing number of runners have surpassed the ten seconds mark.[1] The current men's world record holder isUsain Bolt, who ran a 9.58 seconds at the2009 IAAF World Championship final.

History

[edit]
See also:Men's 100 metres world record progression

For sprints,World Athletics (formely known as IAAF) maintains thatworld records and other recognised performances require: awind assistance of not more than two metres per second (2.0 metres per second (4.5 miles per hour)) in the direction of travel;fully automatic timing (FAT) to one hundredth of a second; and nouse of performance-enhancing substances.[4]Wind gauge malfunctions or infractions may invalidate a sprinter's time.[6]

Hand timing

[edit]

Prior to 1977,FAT was not required forIAAF official timings.[2] Times wererecorded manually to one tenth of a second; three official timers withstopwatches noted when the starting gun flashed and when the runner crossed the finish line, and their median recorded time was the official mark. Some races also had an unofficial FAT, or semi-automatic time, often in conjunction withphoto finish equipment. The first person timed at under ten seconds wasBob Hayes, who ran 9.9 seconds at theMt. SAC Relays in April 1963, but with a tailwind of 5.0 m/s (11.2 mph).[3][4] Hayes clocked another illegal 9.9 (wind 5.3 m/s (11.9 mph)) in the semi-final of the1964 Olympic 100 metres, with the first sub-10 FAT of 9.91 seconds.[5] In the final, Hayes' official tenths time of 10.0 seconds was calculated by rounding down the FAT of 10.06 seconds; the backup hand-timers recorded 9.8, 9.9, and 9.9, which would have given 9.9 as the official time if the FAT had malfunctioned.[2]At the 1968USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships atCharles C. Hughes Stadium inSacramento, California, three men ran legal hand-timed 9.9 seconds:Jim Hines first andRonnie Ray Smith second in the first semi-final, andCharlie Greene first in the second semi-final.[2][6] This was dubbed the "Night of Speed", and all three were recognised as world records by the IAAF.[2] The IAAF lists their FATs as: Hines 10.03, Smith 10.14 and Greene 10.10;[2] althoughTime magazine reported at the time that "an automaticBulova Accutron Phototimer confirmed that all three had indeed broken [10.0]".[7] Hines also had a wind-assisted 9.8 seconds in the heats.[7] Hines went on to win the1968 Olympic final in 9.9 seconds, rounded down from his FAT of 9.95, making it the first non-wind-assisted electronic sub-10-second performance.[2] By 1976, six other men had equalled the 9.9 hand-timed record, though none of their performances had an FAT mark.[2]

Automatic timing

[edit]
Jim Hines was the first man to officially break the 10-second barrier

After the 1977 rule change, Jim Hines' nine-year-old 9.95 was the only recognised sub-10-second race.[2] That year the barrier was broken again, whenSilvio Leonard ran 9.98 seconds on 11 August 1977. Both of these marks were recorded at ahigh altitude, which aids performance due to lowerair resistance.

Carl Lewis was the first sprinter to break ten seconds at low altitude under electronic timing, with 9.97 seconds at theModesto Relays on 14 May 1983.Calvin Smith recorded a world record of 9.93 seconds inColorado Springs, Colorado on 3 July 1983, at altitude, and became the first sprinter to run under ten seconds twice, in August that year. In total, six sprinters legally broke the barrier during the 1980s. Another,Ben Johnson, had eclipsed both the 9.90 mark in 1987 and the 9.80 mark in 1988, respectively with 9.83 seconds and 9.79 seconds; however, both of these records were rescinded after he tested positive for, and later admitted to, using doping, namelysteroids.

The100 metres final at the 1991 World Championships represented a new zenith in the event: six athletes ran under ten seconds in the same race, and winner Carl Lewis lowered the world record to 9.86 seconds.[8] In second place wasLeroy Burrell who also broke the former world record, which had been his at 9.90 seconds. In third place, 0.01 seconds slower than the former world record, wasDennis Mitchell with a time of 9.91 seconds. In fourth place, breaking his own European record of 9.97 seconds, was Linford Christie with a time of 9.92 seconds.

Maurice Greene, in 1999, was the first athlete to run under 9.80.Usain Bolt surpassed 9.70 in 2008, and 9.60 in 2009.

Themen's 100 metres final at the2012 Summer Olympics saw a new Olympic record and seven out of eight finalists running under 10 seconds. HoweverTyson Gay, was later disqualified from this race. Prior to his disqualification, he had been in fourth place with a time of 9.80 seconds, the fastest fourth place in history.

On 29 May 2016, former World ChampionKim Collins improved his personal best by running 9.93 seconds inBottrop as a 40-year-old. He improved his own standing as the oldest man to break the 10-second barrier, the first over the age of 40.Omar McLeod, a sprint hurdles specialist, became the first hurdling athlete to break ten seconds in April 2016.[9]

On 4 August 2024, thefinal of the men's 100 metres at the2024 Summer Olympics marked the first competitive race in history where the entire field finished in under 10 seconds, with last-place-finisherOblique Seville recording a time of 9.91 seconds.[10]

No woman has recorded an official sub-10 second time yet. Thefemale 100-metre world record is 10.49 seconds, set by AmericanFlorence Griffith-Joyner in 1988.

Electronically timed marks

[edit]
Sprinters who have broken the 10-second barrier
#DateAthleteTime
(seconds)		AgeNationalityContinent[1]Best (year)[2]Doping caseRef
114 October 1968Jim Hines9.95A[3]22 years, 34 days United StatesNorth America9.95 (1968)
211 August 1977Silvio Leonard9.98A21 years, 325 days CubaNorth America9.98 (1977)
314 May 1983Carl Lewis9.9721 years, 317 days United StatesNorth America9.86 (1991)
43 July 1983Calvin Smith9.93A22 years, 176 days United StatesNorth America9.93 (1983)
55 May 1984Mel Lattany9.9624 years, 269 days United StatesNorth America9.96 (1984)
6[4]9 July 1986Ben Johnson9.9524 years, 191 days CanadaNorth America9.95 (1986)Yes[11]
724 September 1988Linford Christie9.9728 years, 175 days Great BritainEurope9.87 (1993)Yes
820 May 1989Raymond Stewart9.9724 years, 63 days JamaicaNorth America9.96 (1991)
916 June 1989Leroy Burrell9.9422 years, 115 days United StatesNorth America9.85 (1994)
1025 August 1991Dennis Mitchell9.9925 years, 186 days United StatesNorth America9.91 (1991)Yes
1125 August 1991Frankie Fredericks9.9523 years, 327 days NamibiaAfrica9.86 (1996)
1211 September 1991Andre Cason9.9922 years, 234 days United StatesNorth America9.92 (1993)
134 April 1992Olapade Adeniken9.9722 years, 229 days NigeriaAfrica9.95 (1994)
1418 April 1992Michael Marsh9.9324 years, 258 days United StatesNorth America9.93 (1992)
1518 April 1992Davidson Ezinwa9.9620 years, 148 days NigeriaAfrica9.94 (1994)Yes
1621 May 1993Daniel Effiong9.9920 years, 338 days NigeriaAfrica9.98 (1993)Yes
1722 July 1994Jon Drummond9.9925 years, 316 days United StatesNorth America9.92 (1997)
1822 April 1995Donovan Bailey9.9927 years, 127 days CanadaNorth America9.84 (1996)
1915 July 1995Bruny Surin9.9728 years, 3 days CanadaNorth America9.84 (1999)
2021 April 1996Ato Boldon9.9322 years, 113 days Trinidad and TobagoNorth America9.86 (1998)
2112 June 1997Maurice Greene9.9622 years, 324 days United StatesNorth America9.79 (1999)
2212 June 1997Kareem Streete-Thompson9.9624 years, 74 days United StatesNorth America9.96 (1997)
2312 June 1997Tim Montgomery9.9622 years, 135 days United StatesNorth America9.92 (1997)Yes
2419 June 1997Percival Spencer9.9822 years, 115 days JamaicaNorth America9.98 (1997)
2513 July 1997Seun Ogunkoya9.9719 years, 197 days NigeriaAfrica9.92 (1998)
269 August 1998Vincent Henderson9.9525 years, 293 days United StatesNorth America9.95 (1998)
2711 September 1998Obadele Thompson9.87A22 years, 165 days BarbadosNorth America9.87 (1998)
285 June 1999Leonard Myles-Mills9.9825 years, 273 days GhanaAfrica9.98 (1999)
2913 June 1999Dwain Chambers9.9921 years, 69 days Great BritainEurope9.97 (1999)Yes
302 July 1999Jason Gardener9.9823 years, 287 days Great BritainEurope9.98 (1999)
315 July 1999Tim Harden9.9225 years, 159 days United StatesNorth America9.92 (1999)
322 June 2000Coby Miller9.9823 years, 227 days United StatesNorth America9.98 (2000)
332 June 2000Bernard Williams9.9922 years, 135 days United StatesNorth America9.94 (2001)Yes
3421 June 2000Francis Obikwelu9.9821 years, 212 days Nigeria[5]Africa9.86 (2004)
3512 April 2002Shawn Crawford9.99A24 years, 88 days United StatesNorth America9.88 (2004)Yes
3621 April 2002Joshua J. Johnson9.9525 years, 346 days United StatesNorth America9.95 (2002)
374 May 2002Brian Lewis9.9927 years, 150 days United StatesNorth America9.99 (2002)
3827 July 2002Kim Collins9.9826 years, 113 days Saint Kitts and NevisNorth America9.93 (2016)
395 May 2003Patrick Johnson9.9330 years, 221 days AustraliaOceania9.93 (2003)
4019 July 2003Deji Aliu9.9827 years, 239 days NigeriaAfrica9.95 (2003)
4115 August 2003John Capel9.9724 years, 292 days United StatesNorth America9.95 (2004)Yes
4215 August 2003Justin Gatlin9.9721 years, 186 days United StatesNorth America9.74 (2015)Yes
4315 August 2003Mickey Grimes9.9926 years, 309 days United StatesNorth America9.99 (2003)Yes
4412 October 2003Uchenna Emedolu9.9727 years, 25 days NigeriaAfrica9.97 (2003)
4512 June 2004Asafa Powell9.9921 years, 202 days JamaicaNorth America9.72 (2008)Yes
4614 June 2005Aziz Zakari9.9928 years, 285 days GhanaAfrica9.99 (2005)Yes
4725 June 2005Marc Burns9.9622 years, 169 days Trinidad and TobagoNorth America9.96 (2005)
4825 June 2005Darrel Brown9.9920 years, 257 days Trinidad and TobagoNorth America9.99 (2005)
495 July 2005Ronald Pognon9.9922 years, 231 days FranceEurope9.99 (2005)
5022 July 2005Leonard Scott9.9425 years, 184 days United StatesNorth America9.91 (2006)
5112 May 2006Olusoji Fasuba9.9321 years, 307 days NigeriaAfrica9.85 (2006)
5225 July 2006Tyson Gay9.9723 years, 350 days United StatesNorth America9.69 (2009)Yes
5318 August 2006Marcus Brunson9.9928 years, 116 days United StatesNorth America9.99 (2006)
5428 April 2007Derrick Atkins9.9823 years, 113 days BahamasNorth America9.91 (2007)
558 June 2007Walter Dix9.9321 years, 128 days United StatesNorth America9.88 (2010)
5626 July 2007Samuel Francis9.9920 years, 121 days QatarAsia9.99 (2007)
5728 September 2007Wallace Spearmon9.9622 years, 278 days United StatesNorth America9.96 (2007)
583 May 2008Usain Bolt9.7621 years, 256 days JamaicaNorth America9.58 (2009)World Record
5910 May 2008Travis Padgett9.9621 years, 149 days United StatesNorth America9.89 (2008)
6018 May 2008Richard Thompson9.9322 years, 346 days Trinidad and TobagoNorth America9.82 (2014)
6128 June 2008Rodney Martin9.9525 years, 189 days United StatesNorth America9.95 (2008)[12]
6228 June 2008Mark Jelks9.9924 years, 79 days United StatesNorth America9.99 (2008)Yes[12]
6328 June 2008Darvis Patton9.8930 years, 207 days United StatesNorth America9.89 (2008)[12]
6428 June 2008Ivory Williams9.9423 years, 57 days United StatesNorth America9.93 (2009)Yes[12]
6522 July 2008Nesta Carter9.9822 years, 285 days JamaicaNorth America9.78 (2010)Yes
6615 August 2008Churandy Martina9.9924 years, 43 days Netherlands AntillesNorth America9.91 (2012)
6716 August 2008Michael Frater9.9725 years, 315 days JamaicaNorth America9.88 (2011)
6824 May 2009Daniel Bailey9.9922 years, 257 days Antigua and BarbudaNorth America9.91 (2009)[13]
697 June 2009Mike Rodgers9.9424 years, 44 days United StatesNorth America9.85 (2011)Yes[14]
7028 August 2009Lerone Clarke9.9928 years, 52 days JamaicaNorth America9.99 (2009)
718 July 2010Yohan Blake9.9620 years, 194 days JamaicaNorth America9.69 (2012)Yes
729 July 2010Christophe Lemaitre9.9820 years, 28 days FranceEurope9.92 (2011)[15]
7319 August 2010Trell Kimmons9.9525 years, 37 days United StatesNorth America9.95 (2010)[16]
7429 August 2010Ryan Bailey9.9521 years, 138 days United StatesNorth America9.88 (2010)Yes[17][18]
7529 August 2010Mario Forsythe9.9924 years, 303 days JamaicaNorth America9.95 (2010)[17]
76[7]16 April 2011Steve Mullings9.9028 years, 138 days JamaicaNorth America9.80 (2011)Yes[19]
7723 April 2011Ngonidzashe Makusha9.9724 years, 43 days ZimbabweAfrica9.89 (2011)[20]
784 June 2011Nickel Ashmeade9.9621 years, 58 days JamaicaNorth America9.90 (2013)[21]
794 June 2011Keston Bledman9.9323 years, 88 days Trinidad and TobagoNorth America9.86 (2012)[22]
8010 June 2011Mookie Salaam9.9721 years, 66 days United StatesNorth America9.97 (2011)[23]
8130 June 2011Jaysuma Saidy Ndure9.9927 years, 180 days NorwayEurope9.99 (2011)[24]
826 June 2012Harry Adams9.9622 years, 192 days United StatesNorth America9.96 (2012)[25]
837 July 2012Kemar Hyman9.9522 years, 270 days Cayman IslandsNorth America9.95 (2012)[26]
847 September 2012Kemar Bailey-Cole9.9720 years, 241 days JamaicaNorth America9.92 (2015)
8523 May 2013Isiah Young9.9923 years, 138 days United StatesNorth America9.89 (2021)
865 June 2013Dentarius Locke9.9723 years, 175 days United StatesNorth America9.96 (2013)[27]
878 June 2013Gabriel Mvumvure9.9825 years, 105 days ZimbabweAfrica9.98 (2013)
8821 June 2013Charles Silmon9.9821 years, 352 days United StatesNorth America9.98 (2013)
8913 July 2013James Dasaolu9.9125 years, 311 days Great BritainEurope9.91 (2013)
9013 July 2013Jimmy Vicaut9.9521 years, 136 days FranceEurope9.86 (2015)
9112 April 2014Simon Magakwe9.98A27 years, 333 days South AfricaAfrica9.98 (2014)Yes[28]
9217 May 2014Kemarley Brown9.9321 years, 301 days JamaicaNorth America9.93 (2014)[29]
938 June 2014Chijindu Ujah9.9620 years, 95 days Great BritainEurope9.96 (2014)[30]
94[8]13 June 2014Trayvon Bromell9.9718 years, 338 days United StatesNorth America9.76 (2021)[31]
9528 September 2014Femi Ogunode9.9323 years, 136 days QatarAsia9.91 (2015)Yes[32]
968 May 2015Clayton Vaughn9.9322 years, 358 days United StatesNorth America9.93 (2015)
97[9]17 May 2015Andre De Grasse9.9720 years, 188 days CanadaNorth America9.89 (2021)
9816 May 2015Bryce Robinson9.9921 years, 184 days United StatesNorth America9.99 (2015)
9920 May 2015Marvin Bracy9.9521 years, 156 days United StatesNorth America9.85 (2021)
10030 May 2015Su Bingtian9.9925 years, 274 days ChinaAsia9.83 (2021)
1017 June 2015Adam Gemili9.9721 years, 244 days Great BritainEurope9.97 (2015)
10225 June 2015Diondre Batson9.9422 years, 347 days United StatesNorth America9.94 (2015)[33]
10325 June 2015Beejay Lee9.9922 years, 112 days United StatesNorth America9.99 (2015)[33]
10425 June 2015Quentin Butler9.9622 years, 280 days United StatesNorth America9.96 (2015)[34]
1051 July 2015Akani Simbine9.9921 years, 283 days South AfricaAfrica9.82 (2024)
1065 July 2015Henricho Bruintjies9.9721 years, 354 days South AfricaAfrica9.97 (2015)
10711 July 2015Andrew Fisher9.9423 years, 208 days JamaicaNorth America9.94 (2015)
10812 March 2016Wayde van Niekerk9.98A23 years, 241 days South AfricaAfrica9.94 (2017)[35]
10923 April 2016Omar McLeod9.9921 years, 364 days JamaicaNorth America9.99 (2016)[36]
1102 June 2016Ameer Webb9.9425 years, 75 days United StatesNorth America9.94 (2016)[37]
1116 June 2016Ben Youssef Meïté9.9929 years, 208 days Ivory CoastAfrica9.96 (2016)[38]
1128 June 2016Senoj-Jay Givans9.9622 years, 161 days JamaicaNorth America9.96 (2016)[39]
11311 June 2016Aaron Brown9.9624 years, 15 days CanadaNorth America9.96 (2016)[40]
11412 June 2016Jak Ali Harvey[10]9.9227 years, 39 days TurkeyEurope9.92 (2016)[41]
11524 June 2016Rondel Sorrillo9.9930 years, 153 days Trinidad and TobagoNorth America9.99 (2016)[42]
1163 July 2016Christian Coleman9.9520 years, 119 days United StatesNorth America9.76 (2019)[43]
11730 July 2016Joel Fearon9.9627 years, 293 days Great BritainEurope9.96 (2016)[44]
11818 March 2017Thando Roto9.95A21 years, 173 days South AfricaAfrica9.95 (2017)[45]
11915 April 2017Ronnie Baker9.9923 years, 182 days United StatesNorth America9.83 (2021)[46]
12022 April 2017Odean Skeen9.9822 years, 237 days JamaicaNorth America9.98 (2017)[47]
12113 May 2017Nethaneel Mitchell-Blake9.9923 years, 41 days Great BritainEurope9.99 (2017)[48]
1227 June 2017Cameron Burrell9.9322 years, 269 days United StatesNorth America9.93 (2017)[49]
1237 June 2017Christopher Belcher9.9323 years, 129 days United StatesNorth America9.93 (2017)[49]
12423 June 2017Julian Forte9.9923 years, 357 days JamaicaNorth America9.91 (2017)[50]
1256 July 2017Ramil Guliyev[11]9.9727 years, 38 days TurkeyEurope9.97 (2017)[51]
1269 September 2017Yoshihide Kiryū9.9821 years, 268 days JapanAsia9.98 (2017)[52]
12713 May 2018Kendal Williams9.9922 years, 232 days United StatesNorth America9.93 (2024)
12825 May 2018Jaylen Bacon9.9721 years, 293 days United StatesNorth America9.97 (2018)
12925 May 2018Andre Ewers9.9822 years, 352 days JamaicaNorth America9.98 (2018)
1309 June 2018Zharnel Hughes9.9122 years, 331 days Great BritainEurope9.83 (2023)[53]
1319 June 2018Noah Lyles9.9320 years, 326 days United StatesNorth America9.79 (2024)
13216 June 2018Arthur Cissé9.9421 years, 169 days Ivory CoastAfrica9.93 (2019)[54]
13319 June 2018Xie Zhenye9.9724 years, 306 days ChinaAsia9.97 (2018)[55]
13422 June 2018Filippo Tortu9.9920 years, 7 days ItalyEurope9.99 (2018)
1359 July 2018Barakat Al-Harthi9.9730 years, 24 days OmanAsia9.97 (2018)Yes
13621 July 2018Tyquendo Tracey9.9625 years, 41 days JamaicaNorth America9.96 (2018)[56]
1377 August 2018Reece Prescod9.9622 years, 160 days Great BritainEurope9.93 (2022)[57]
13822 February 2019Roberto Skyers9.9827 years, 102 days CubaNorth America9.98 (2019)[58]
13920 April 2019Divine Oduduru9.9422 years, 195 days NigeriaAfrica9.86 (2019)Yes[59]
14011 May 2019Abdul Hakim Sani Brown9.9920 years, 66 days JapanAsia9.96 (2024)[60]
14112 May 2019Cravon Gillespie9.9722 years, 285 days United StatesNorth America9.93 (2019)[61]
1425 June 2019Mario Burke9.9822 years, 79 days BarbadosNorth America9.98 (2019)[62]
14320 July 2019Yuki Koike9.9824 years, 68 days JapanAsia9.98 (2019)[63]
14427 August 2019Raymond Ekevwo9.9620 years, 157 days NigeriaAfrica9.96 (2019)[64]
14520 July 2020Michael Norman9.8622 years, 230 days United StatesNorth America9.86 (2020)[65]
14626 March 2021Benjamin Azamati9.9723 years, 71 days GhanaAfrica9.90 (2022)[66]
14710 April 2021Kyree King9.9726 years, 275 days United StatesNorth America9.96 (2022)[67]
14817 April 2021Jo'Vaughn Martin9.9421 years, 276 days United StatesNorth America9.94 (2021)[68]
14924 April 2021Fred Kerley9.9125 years, 352 days United StatesNorth America9.76 (2022)[69]
15013 May 2021Marcell Jacobs9.9526 years, 229 days ItalyEurope9.80 (2021)[70]
15114 May 2021Gift Leotlela9.94A23 years, 2 days South AfricaAfrica9.87 (2025)[71]
1526 June 2021Ryota Yamagata9.9528 years, 361 days JapanAsia9.95 (2021)[72]
15320 June 2021Kenny Bednarek9.9622 years, 249 days United StatesNorth America9.79 (2025)
15420 June 2021Micah Williams9.9119 years, 220 days United StatesNorth America9.86 (2022)[73]
15531 July 2021Enoch Adegoke9.9821 years, 145 days NigeriaAfrica9.98 (2021)
15614 August 2021Ferdinand Omanyala9.9625 years, 224 days KenyaAfrica9.77 (2021)[74]
15716 April 2022Matthew Boling9.9821 years, 300 days United StatesNorth America9.98 (2022)
15816 April 2022Davonte Burnett9.9922 years, 48 days United StatesNorth America9.99 (2022)[75]
15923 April 2022Joseph Amoah9.9425 years, 101 days GhanaAfrica9.94 (2022)
16030 April 2022Letsile Tebogo9.9618 years, 327 days BotswanaAfrica9.86 (2024)
16121 May 2022Oblique Seville9.8621 years, 66 days JamaicaNorth America9.77 (2025)
16211 June 2022Cravont Charleston9.9824 years, 160 days United StatesNorth America9.90 (2023)
16312 June 2022Ackeem Blake9.9520 years, 142 days JamaicaNorth America9.88 (2025)
16424 June 2022Elijah Hall9.9827 years, 306 days United StatesNorth America9.90 (2022)
16524 June 2022Emmanuel Matadi9.9831 years, 70 days LiberiaAfrica9.91 (2024)
16625 June 2022Favour Ashe9.9920 years, 58 days NigeriaAfrica9.94 (2024)
1673 July 2022Yupun Abeykoon9.9627 years, 184 days Sri LankaAsia9.96 (2022)[76]
1683 July 2022Reynier Mena9.9925 years, 224 days CubaNorth America9.99 (2022)[76]
1693 July 2022Méba-Mickaël Zeze9.9928 years, 45 days FranceEurope9.99 (2022)[76]
17029 March 2023Bouwahjgie Nkrumie9.9919 years, 41 days JamaicaNorth America9.99 (2023)
17115 April 2023Terrence Jones9.9120 years, 158 days BahamasNorth America9.91 (2023)
17215 April 2023Joseph Fahnbulleh[12]9.9821 years, 216 days LiberiaAfrica9.98 (2023)
17326 May 2023Udodi Onwuzurike[13]9.9220 years, 117 days NigeriaAfrica9.92 (2023)
1747 June 2023Pjai Austin9.8922 years, 261 days United StatesNorth America9.89 (2023)
1757 June 2023Cole Beck9.9724 years, 94 days United StatesNorth America9.97 (2023)
1767 June 2023Godson Oghenebrume9.9320 years, 11 days NigeriaAfrica9.90 (2023)
1777 June 2023Shaun Maswanganyi9.9922 years, 126 days South AfricaAfrica9.91 (2023)
1789 June 2023Courtney Lindsey9.8924 years, 203 days United StatesNorth America9.82 (2025)
1799 June 2023Da'Marcus Fleming9.9721 years, 170 days United StatesNorth America9.97 (2023)
18016 June 2023Eugene Amo-Dadzie9.9330 years, 359 days Great BritainEurope9.87 (2025)
1812 July 2023Emmanuel Eseme9.9629 years, 319 days CameroonAfrica9.96 (2023)
1826 July 2023Rohan Watson9.9821 years, 68 days JamaicaNorth America9.91 (2023)[77]
1836 July 2023Kadrian Goldson9.9425 years, 240 days JamaicaNorth America9.94 (2023)[77]
1846 July 2023Kishane Thompson9.9121 years, 354 days JamaicaNorth America9.75 (2025)[77]
1857 July 2023Ryiem Forde9.9622 years, 44 days JamaicaNorth America9.95 (2023)[77]
18628 July 2023Issam Asinga9.8918 years, 211 days SurinameSouth America9.89 (2023)Yes[78]
18728 July 2023Erik Cardoso9.9723 years, 147 days BrazilSouth America9.93 (2025)[78]
18828 July 2023Ronal Longa9.9919 years, 28 days ColombiaSouth America9.96 (2025)[78]
1899 September 2023Felipe Bardi9.9624 years, 336 days BrazilSouth America9.96 (2023)[79]
19020 April 2024Christian Miller9.9317 years, 340 days United StatesNorth America9.93 (2024)[80]
19120 April 2024T'Mars McCallum9.9419 years, 336 days United StatesNorth America9.83 (2025)[81]
19227 April 2024Brandon Hicklin9.9425 years, 25 days United StatesNorth America9.93 (2025)[82]
19325 May 2024Jeremiah Azu9.9723 years, 10 days Great BritainEurope9.97 (2024)[83]
1941 June 2024Shainer Reginfo9.9022 years, 54 days CubaNorth America9.90 (2024)[84]
1951 June 2024Reynaldo Espinosa9.9621 years, 121 days CubaNorth America9.96 (2024)[84]
1967 June 2024Louie Hinchliffe9.9521 years, 325 days Great BritainEurope9.95 (2024)[85]
19718 June 2024Jhonny Rentería9.9727 years, 84 days ColombiaSouth America9.97 (2024)[86]
19818 June 2024Chituru Ali9.9625 years, 73 days ItalyEurope9.96 (2024)[87]
19928 June 2024Bryan Levell9.9820 years, 188 days JamaicaNorth America9.82 (2025)[88]
20029 June 2024Owen Ansah9.9923 years, 214 days GermanyEurope9.99 (2024)[89]
20114 July 2024Benjamin Richardson9.8620 years, 208 days South AfricaAfrica9.86 (2024)
20214 July 2024Ebrahima Camara9.9827 years, 300 days GambiaAfrica9.98 (2024)
20319 July 2024Jeff Erius9.9820 years, 133 days FranceEurope9.98 (2024)
20415 March 2025Bayanda Walaza9.99A19 years, 34 days South AfricaAfrica9.94 (2025)[90]
20519 April 2025Kayinsola Ajayi9.9620 years, 217 days NigeriaAfrica9.88 (2025)
20619 April 2025Jordan Anthony9.9820 years, 294 days United StatesNorth America9.95 (2025)[91]
20723 April 2025Maurice Gleaton9.9818 years, 148 days United StatesNorth America9.92 (2025)[92]
2083 May 2025Tate Taylor9.9217 years, 219 days United StatesNorth America9.92 (2025)[93]
20924 May 2025Eloy Benitez9.9522 years, 17 days Puerto RicoNorth America9.95 (2025)[94]
21030 May 2025Abdul-Rasheed Saminu9.8627 years, 236 days GhanaAfrica9.84 (2025)[95]
21130 May 2025Kalen Walker9.9423 years, 229 days United StatesNorth America9.94 (2025)[96]
21231 May 2025Lachlan Kennedy9.98A21 years, 208 days AustraliaOceania9.98 (2025)
21321 June 2025Jerome Blake9.9729 years, 307 days CanadaNorth America9.95 (2025)[97]
21422 June 2025Marcellus Moore9.9622 years, 357 days United StatesNorth America9.96 (2025)
21523 July 2025Retshidisitswe Mlenga9.9925 years, 146 days South AfricaAfrica9.99 (2025)
21619 August 2025Davonte Howell9.9819 years, 295 days Cayman IslandsNorth America9.98 (2025)

Notes

[edit]
  • 1 Thecontinental athletic association that governs the country that the athlete competes for internationally.
  • 2 The personal career best time achieved by the sprinter.
  • 3 Denotes a run achieved at ahigh altitude.
  • 4 CanadianBen Johnson was the sixth runner to achieve the feat (having recorded multiple finishes under ten seconds), some of the runs were rescinded after Johnson admitted to using steroids between 1981 and 1988. But his 9.95, with which he first broke the barrier, is valid and could be found on the website ofWorld Athletics.
  • 5Francis Obikwelu now competes for Portugal but he first broke the 10-second barrier while competing for Nigeria.
  • 6 British sprinterMark Lewis-Francis recorded a time of 9.97 seconds during the2001 World Championships quarter-finals on 4 August 2001 (aged 18 years, 334 days) but the wind gauge malfunctioned, invalidating the run.
  • 7 At the Jamaican national trials in June 2011,Steve Mullings had tested positive for the drug Furosemide, a masking agent. On 22 November the Jamaican Anti-Doping Disciplinary Panel handed him a lifetime ban from athletics.
  • 8Trayvon Bromell had broken the 10-second barrier a total of three times (9.99w, 9.77w, 9.92w) prior to recording 9.97, but all were wind-aided.
  • 9 Prior to recording his first legal sub-10 run,Andre De Grasse ran a wind-aided 9.87 on 18 April 2015.
  • 10Jak Ali Harvey was born in Jamaica.
  • 11Ramil Guliyev was born in Azerbaijan.
  • 12Joseph Fahnbulleh was born in the United States.
  • 13Udodi Onwuzurike was born in the United States.

Totals

[edit]
By year
YearNo. of new athletesTotal legal sub-10sRef
196811
197711
198323
198414
198501
198611
198701
198819
198922
199002
1991314
199236
199318
1994116
199525
1996124
1997538
1998234
1999426
2000315[98]
2001016[99]
2002416[100]
200369[101]
2004133[102]
2005516[103]
2006324[104]
2007418[105]
20081053[106]
2009345[107]
2010536[108]
2011657[109]
2012361[110]
2013658[111]
2014532[112]
20151291[113]
20161060[114]
2017948[115]
20181160[116]
2019750[117]
202016[118]
20211182[119]
20221378[120]
202320102[121]
20241496[122]
20251398[123]


By country
NationNo. of athletes
 United States78
 Jamaica28
 Nigeria15
 Great Britain13
 South Africa10
 Canada6
 Trinidad and Tobago6
 Cuba5
 France5
 Ghana5
 Japan4
 Italy3
 Australia2
 Bahamas2
 Barbados2
 Brazil2
 Cayman Islands2
 China2
 Colombia2
 Ivory Coast2
 Liberia2
 Qatar2
 Turkey2
 Zimbabwe2
 Antigua and Barbuda1
 Botswana1
 Cameroon1
 Gambia1
 Germany1
 Kenya1
 Namibia1
 Netherlands Antilles1
 Norway1
 Oman1
 Puerto Rico1
 Saint Kitts and Nevis1
 Sri Lanka1
 Suriname1


By continent
ContinentNo. of athletes
Africa41
Asia10
Europe25
North America133
Oceania2
South America5

Hand timed marks

[edit]

Prior to 1977,FAT was not required forIAAF official timings.[2] The following sprinters all received a hand-timed mark of 9.9 seconds. All the runners held the world record simultaneously. However, the timing may not have been precise. (Note that Bob Hayes clocked a hand timed 9.9 seconds in the1964 Olympic final, but his FAT 10.06 was the official time, and it was given as “10.0”)

Sprinters who have broken the 10-second barrier with manual timing
Date first brokenAthleteNationalityNo. of times broken
20 June 1968Jim Hines[124] United States2
20 June 1968Ronnie Ray Smith United States1
20 June 1968Charles Greene United States1
21 June 1972Steve Williams United States4
1 July 1972Eddie Hart United States1
1 July 1972Rey Robinson United States1
5 June 1975Silvio Leonard Cuba1
3 April 1976Harvey Glance United States2
22 May 1976Don Quarrie Jamaica1

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