 | |
 | |
| Names | |
|---|---|
| Preferred IUPAC name Pentan-1-ol[1] | |
| Identifiers | |
| |
3D model (JSmol) | |
| 1730975 | |
| ChEBI | |
| ChEMBL | |
| ChemSpider |
|
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.684 |
| EC Number |
|
| 25922 | |
| KEGG |
|
| MeSH | n-Pentanol |
| RTECS number |
|
| UNII | |
| UN number | 1105 |
| |
| |
| Properties | |
| C5H12O | |
| Molar mass | 88.150 g·mol−1 |
| Density | 0.811 g cm−3 |
| Melting point | −78 °C; −109 °F; 195 K |
| Boiling point | 137 to 139 °C; 278 to 282 °F; 410 to 412 K |
| 22 g L−1 | |
| logP | 1.348 |
| Vapor pressure | 200 Pa (at 20 °C) |
| −67.7·10−6 cm3/mol | |
Refractive index (nD) | 1.409 |
| Thermochemistry | |
| 207.45 J K−1 mol−1 | |
Std molar entropy(S⦵298) | 258.9 J K−1 mol−1 |
Std enthalpy of formation(ΔfH⦵298) | −351.90–−351.34 kJ mol−1 |
Std enthalpy of combustion(ΔcH⦵298) | −3331.19–−3330.63 kJ mol−1 |
| Hazards | |
| GHS labelling: | |
  | |
| Warning | |
| H226,H315,H332,H335 | |
| P261 | |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |
| Flash point | 49 °C (120 °F; 322 K) |
| 300 °C (572 °F; 573 K) | |
| Related compounds | |
Related compounds | Hexane |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in theirstandard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
1-Pentanol, (orn-pentanol,pentan-1-ol), is anorganic compound with the formulaCH3CH2CH2CH2CH2OH and is classified as aprimary alcohol.[2] It is a colourlessliquid with a distinctivearoma. It is one of 8isomeric alcohols with the formulaC5H11OH. It is used as a solvent, a biological drying agent and in the synthesis of some fragrance compounds. It is also a common component offusel alcohols (fusel oils), the undesirable byproducts ofalcoholic fermentation.
1-Pentanol is prepared from1-butene byhydroformylation followed byhydrogenation of the resultingpentanal.[3]
Pentanol can be prepared byfractional distillation offusel oil. To reduce the use offossil fuels, research is underway to develop cost-effective methods of producing (chemically identical) bio-pentanol withfermentation.[4][5]
Thehydroxyl group (OH) is the active site of many reactions. Theester formed from 1-pentanol andbutyric acid ispentyl butyrate, which has anapricot-like odor. The ester formed from 1-pentanol andacetic acid isamyl acetate (also called pentyl acetate), which has abanana-like odor.
It is a precursor to dipentylzinc dithiophosphates, which are used in froth flotation.[3]
In 2014, a study was conducted comparing the performance ofdiesel fuel blends with various proportions of pentanol as anadditive. While gaseous emissions increased with higher concentrations of pentanol,particulate emissions decreased.[6]
Pentanol is often used as asolvent.
