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| Names | |
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| IUPAC name 1,3-Dimethylurea | |
| Preferred IUPAC name N,N′-Dimethylurea | |
| Other names sym-Dimethylurea | |
| Identifiers | |
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3D model (JSmol) | |
| ChEBI | |
| ChEMBL | |
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.002.272 |
| EC Number |
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| KEGG |
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| MeSH | 1,3-dimethylurea |
| RTECS number |
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| UNII | |
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| Properties | |
| C3H8N2O | |
| Molar mass | 88.110 g·mol−1 |
| Appearance | Colorless, waxy crystals |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Density | 1.142 g mL−1 |
| Melting point | 104.4 °C; 219.8 °F; 377.5 K |
| Boiling point | 269.1 °C; 516.3 °F; 542.2 K |
| 765 g L−1 | |
| −55.1·10−6 cm3/mol | |
| Thermochemistry | |
Std enthalpy of formation(ΔfH⦵298) | −312.1 to −312.1 kJ mol−1 |
Std enthalpy of combustion(ΔcH⦵298) | −2.0145 to −2.0089 MJ mol−1 |
| Hazards | |
| GHS labelling: | |
| H373 | |
| P260,P314,P501 | |
| Flash point | 157 °C (315 °F; 430 K) |
| Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |
LD50 (median dose) | 4 g kg−1(oral, rat) |
| Related compounds | |
Related ureas | Carmustine |
Related compounds | |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in theirstandard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
1,3-Dimethylurea (DMU) is aurea derivative and is used in agriculture mainly as a component in fertilizers and soil treatments, primarily to improve nitrogen utilization and promote more efficient plant growth. It is a colorless crystalline powder with little toxicity.
1. Controlled-Release Fertilizers:
Slow-Release Nitrogen: DMU is incorporated into controlled-release fertilizers, often in the form of derivatives like isobutylidene diurea (IBDU). These fertilizers gradually release nitrogen over a longer period of time, reducing the need for frequent fertilization and minimizing nitrogen losses due to leaching or volatilization.Reduced Environmental Impact: By controlling the release of nitrogen, it helps prevent excessive nitrogen from running off into the environment, leading to water pollution and air contamination, thus promoting more sustainable farming practices.
2. Nitrogen Stabilizers:
Urease Inhibition: 1,3-Dimethylurea acts as a urease inhibitor, slowing down the breakdown of urea in the soil. Urea is often used as a nitrogen fertilizer, and when it breaks down too quickly, ammonia gas is released into the atmosphere, reducing nitrogen availability to plants and causing air pollution. By inhibiting urease, DMU helps keep more nitrogen in the soil where it can be absorbed by plants.Improved Nitrogen Efficiency: With less nitrogen lost to volatilization, crops have better access to the nutrients they need, improving growth and yield.
3. Plant Growth Enhancement:
Regulating Growth: In certain conditions, 1,3-dimethylurea is thought to influence plant growth by regulating hormone levels. It can sometimes be used to promote specific growth stages, such as root development or vegetative growth, depending on the needs of the crop.
4. In Pesticide and Herbicide Formulations:
Stabilizer in Formulations: DMU may be used in the synthesis of certain pesticides and herbicides to improve the stability and effectiveness of the active ingredients, ensuring that the chemicals work more efficiently in controlling pests and weeds.
5. Soil Conditioners:
Improving Soil Fertility: As a component of soil conditioners, DMU helps improve the soil structure and nutrient retention, creating a more favorable environment for plant roots.In practice, DMU's primary role is as a stabilizer and slow-release agent in fertilizers, reducing waste and improving the efficiency of nitrogen use in agriculture. It's often used in combination with other compounds to enhance overall fertilizer performance.
1,3-Dimethylurea is also used for synthesis ofcaffeine,theophylline, pharmaceuticals, textile aids,herbicides and others.[1]In thetextile processing industry, 1,3-dimethylurea is used as intermediate for the production offormaldehyde-free easy-carefinishing agents for textiles.The estimated world production of DMU is estimated to be less than 25,000 tons.
| Authority control databases: National |
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