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.de

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Internet country-code top level domain for Germany

For The ccTLD associated withEast Germany, see.dd.
.de
Introduced5 November 1986; 38 years ago (1986-11-05)
TLD typeCountry code top-level domain
StatusActive
RegistryDENIC
SponsorDENIC eG
Intended useEntities connected withGermany
Actual useOverwhelmingly popular in Germany and gets some use overseas, also used for domain hacks (e.g. alongsi.de)
Registered domains17,729,576 (2024-10-12)[1]
Registration restrictionsNone
StructureMay register at second level
Dispute policiesDISPUTE-Entries
DNSSECYes
Registry websitedenic.de

.de is thecountry code top-level domain (ccTLD) forGermany.DENIC (theNetwork Information Centre responsible for .de domains) does not require specificsecond-level domains, and there are no officialccSLDs under .de ccTLD, as it is the case with the.uk domain range which until 2014 required.co.uk domain for example.

Namesake

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The name is based on the first two letters of the German name for Germany (Deutschland). Prior to 1990,East Germany had a separateISO 3166-1 code (dd), and had never delegated a ccTLD,.dd.

Usage

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.de is currently the second most popular ccTLD in terms of number of registrations with.cn being the first most popular ccTLD and.uk being third. It is third after.com and .cn among all TLDs.[2]

The first point of registration for .de domains was at the Department of Computer Science of theUniversity of Dortmund.uni-dortmund.de was among the first registered .de-domains.

.de registrations may be directly ordered fromDENIC but it is faster and cheaper to do so via aDENIC member (registrar).[citation needed]

Registration

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Previously, domain names had to be at least three letters long.

There were a few two-letter domains registered before the rule was put in place: db.de (Deutsche Bahn, German Railways), ix.de (the German computing magazineiX), and hq.de. Another domain, bb.de (Bilfinger Berger), was later deregistered (and after 2009 registered by another company).

As a result of a lawsuit byVolkswagen, which wanted to register the two-letter domain "vw.de"[3], after 23 October 2009, DENIC was forced to allow the registration of single- and two-letter domains as well as number-only domains, such as 123.de, xx.de or v.de.[4]

Registrations ofinternationalized domain names (IDN) are also accepted so that alldiacritics of German, many diacritics of other languages and the eszett,ß, may be used.[5]

In many of theRomance languages, e.g., Spanish, French,Romanian andPortuguese, "de" expresses thegenitive of a noun (like "of" in English). This is exploited in domain registrations under the German TLD for romance languagewebhosts that offer customized sites, likeelforo.de (theforum.of), encoding the site name into theURL path, such aselforo.de/wikipedia, meaning theforum.of/Wikipedia.

See also

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Generic geographic domains, connected to Germany

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References

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  1. ^"DENIC".DENIC. 2 April 2024.Archived from the original on 2 April 2024. Retrieved2 April 2024.
  2. ^DENIC (September 2018)."Comparison of International Domain Numbers". Archived fromthe original on 29 October 2018. Retrieved29 October 2018.
  3. ^Daniel Dingeldey (26 June 2008)."DENIC muss vw.de an Volkswagen vergeben".domain-recht. Retrieved14 June 2013.
  4. ^"DENIC eG Eases Domain Guidelines".DENIC.
  5. ^"IDN character list".DENIC.

External links

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