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Ve (ڤ) is a letter of the Arabic-basedComoro,Kurdish,Swahili, andWakhi alphabets. It is derived from theArabic letterfāʾ (ف) with two additionaldots. It represents the sound/v/ in the aforementioned uses. On the other hand, the letterPa (ڤ) represents the sound/p/ in theJawi (used forMalay) andPegon (used forJavanese) alphabets.
Ve originated as one of the new letters added for thePerso-Arabic alphabet to writeNew Persian, and it was used for the sound/β/. This letter is no longer used in Persian, as the[β]-sound changed to[b], e.g. archaicزڤان/zaβɑn/ >زبان/zæbɒn/ 'language'[1]
The letterve is sometimes used inArabic language to write names and loanwords with the phoneme/v/, such asڤولڤو (Volvo),ڤيتنام (Vietnam),نوڤمبر (November) andڤييناviyenna (Vienna), but rather described, for example, inEgyptian Arabic, it is calledfe be talat noʾaṭ (فه بتلات نقط, "Fa' with three dots").
The characterڤ is mapped inUnicode under position U+06A4.
| Position in word | Isolated | Final | Medial | Initial |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glyph form: (Help) | ڤ | ـڤ | ـڤـ | ڤـ |
The characterڥ is mapped inUnicode under position U+06A5. In Tunisia and Algeria the variant (ڥ)/v/ with three dots below is used instead to differentiate it from the letter (ڨ)/ɡ/. This usage might have been influenced by theMaghrebi archaic variant offāʼ (ڢ) with a dot below.
| Position in word | Isolated | Final | Medial | Initial |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glyph form: (Help) | ڥ | ـڥ | ـڥـ | ڥـ |
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| Position in word | Isolated | Final | Medial | Initial |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glyph form: (Help) | ڨ | ـڨ | ـڨـ | ڨـ |
InTunisian and inAlgerian, (ڨ, looks similar toق but with three dots) is used for/ɡ/, such as in names of places or persons containing avoiced velar stop, as inGafsa (inTunisia) orGuelma (in Algeria). If the usage of that letter is not possible for technical restrictions,qāf (ق) is often used instead.
In Arabic script representations of theChechen language,ڨ is used to represent theuvular ejective/qʼ/, and/v/ inHindko language, inPakistan, calledvaf.
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