Șag | |
|---|---|
 Coat of arms | |
 Location in Timiș County | |
  Șag Location in Romania | |
| Coordinates:45°39′06″N21°10′01″E / 45.6517°N 21.1669°E /45.6517; 21.1669 | |
| Country | Romania |
| County | Timiș |
| Government | |
| • Mayor(2016–) | Flavius-Alin Roșu (PSD) |
Area | 34.02 km2 (13.14 sq mi) |
| Population (2021-12-01)[2] | 5,303 |
| • Density | 155.9/km2 (403.7/sq mi) |
| Time zone | EET/EEST (UTC+2/+3) |
| Postal code | 307395 |
| Vehicle reg. | TM |
| Website | www |
Șag (Hungarian:Temesság;German:Schag;Serbian:Шаг,romanized: Šag)[3] is acommune inTimiș County,Romania. It is composed of a single village, Șag;Parța village broke off as a separate commune in 2004.
Șag is a plain commune, located in the Banat Plain, in the periurban area ofTimișoara, 13 km (8.1 mi) away. Șag is situated on the right bank of theTimiș River. On the territory of Șag commune, the Timiș River is dammed on both banks. Șag borders Timișoara to the north,Sânmihaiu Român to the northwest,Parța to the southwest,Pădureni to the south andGiroc to the east.[1]
Due to its position, Șag commune is part of the transitionalcontinental climate with influences of the sub-Mediterranean climate, and the diversity and irregularity of the atmospheric processes is characteristic of it.[1]
The characteristic vegetation is that of theforest-steppe and is influenced by the vicinity of the southern European geobotanical province.[1]
According to the archeological researches and some objects found in theTimiș River, it seems that the nucleus of the village dates from the 4th–5th millennium BC. In 1962, apirogue (rudimentary boat) made ofoak wood, the remains of some clay objects dating from the 4th–5th millennium BC, as well as the remains of aRoman earth wall were discovered here.[4]
Șag is first mentioned in the papal tithe records of 1332 asSad,[5] inOld Serbian meaning "to step over water".[6] The settlement was inhabited during theMiddle Ages, because between 1404–1425 it appears in documents as the property of Count Laurențiu Șaghi.[6]
In 1660, the first Romanian Orthodox church was built of wood, and the first priest was Ioan Vuia. On this occasion, the first pew school appears, in which those who dealt with the administration of the locality studied books inRomanian.[6]
In 1717 it appears in the chamber records under the name ofSasch with 65 houses,[7] the toponym being spelled in thekaiserlich-königlich language.
In 1759, Dutch engineerMaximilian Emmanuel Fremaut [de] implemented a plan to dam theTimiș River, which is given a straight riverbed, and the multitude of arms that formed swamps spread over the entire southern part ofTimișoara are gradually dried up and dismantled. Thus arises the riverbed that exists today, in approximately the same configuration. But more importantly, the sanitation of the swampy land on which the village lasted for hundreds of years has important consequences for the further development of the locality. Agricultural land is becoming larger, richer and more attractive to those who want to settle here. If the first attempts at colonization with Germans failed due to diseases, later the settlers began to willingly move here.
Also, the repeated dammings of Timiș (1759–1769, 1889–1900, 1912–1914) make the locality to be protected from floods and consequently lead to a spectacular growth of agriculture, translated into a high wellbeing of its inhabitants.
1776 saw the construction of a new Romanian Orthodox church, built of burnt, painted and renovated brick. The first school with teaching inRomanian, the "Trivial School" ofGreek Oriental rite, also opened in 1776. In 1784 is mentioned the first mayor of the locality, Giurgi Giurca (George Jurca), who together with other villagers donates to the church the books necessary for theHoly Mass (these books come from the printing houses inRâmnic andBuda).[6]
In 1821 the settlement and the estate came into the possession of the diocese ofCsanád. This recruited German seasonal workers from the surrounding villages who settled in Șag. The first German settlers came in 1823 fromFreidorf,Giarmata,Sânandrei,Carani,Biled,Lovrin,Cărpiniș,Iecea Mare,Iecea Mică,Comloșu Mare,Jimbolia,Nakovo andSrpska Crnja.[8] Around 1830 several Czech families moved here, and in 1892 the first Hungarian family settled in Șag.[6]
The Roman Catholic church was built in 1884. The Mihai Viteazul National House (today the cultural center) was built in 1936. The Timișeni Monastery was founded by MetropolitanVasile Lăzărescu [ro] in 1944.[6]
Șag had a population of 5,303 inhabitants at the 2021 census, up 76.19% from the 2011 census. Most inhabitants areRomanians (84.32%), with a minority ofHungarians (3.16%). For 9.93% of the population, ethnicity is unknown.[9] By religion, most inhabitants areOrthodox (73.95%), but there are also minorities ofRoman Catholics (7.37%),Pentecostals (2.8%) andBaptists (1.16%). For 11.16% of the population, religious affiliation is unknown.[10]
| Census[11] | Ethnic composition | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | Population | Romanians | Hungarians | Germans |
| 1880 | 2,243 | 742 | 66 | 1,401 |
| 1890 | 2,674 | 827 | 191 | 1,643 |
| 1900 | 2,564 | 808 | 231 | 1,514 |
| 1910 | 2,421 | 753 | 322 | 1,335 |
| 1920 | 2,364 | 720 | 262 | 1,377 |
| 1930 | 2,302 | 715 | 304 | 1,245 |
| 1941 | 2,280 | 688 | 364 | 1,200 |
| 1956 | 2,174 | – | – | – |
| 1966 | 2,811 | 1,561 | 575 | 647 |
| 1977 | 3,052 | 1,857 | 563 | 600 |
| 1992 | 2,586 | 1,994 | 400 | 155 |
| 2002 | 2,754 | 2,278 | 339 | 94 |
| 2011 | 3,009 | 2,497 | 271 | 59 |
| 2021 | 5,303 | 4,472 | 168 | 49 |
The commune of Șag is administered by a mayor and a local council composed of 15 councilors. The mayor, Flavius-Alin Roșu, from theSocial Democratic Party, has been in office since 2016. As from the2024 local elections, the local council has the following composition by political parties:[12]
| Party | Seats | Composition | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Social Democratic Party–Social Liberal Humanist Party | 9 | ||||||||||
| Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania | 2 | ||||||||||
| National Liberal Party | 2 | ||||||||||
| Save Romania Union | 1 | ||||||||||
| Alliance for the Union of Romanians | 1 | ||||||||||
